Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age / Edition 1

by Daniel T. Rodgers

Overview

"The most belated of nations," Theodore Roosevelt called his country during the workmen's compensation fight in 1907. Earlier reformers, progressives of his day, and later New Dealers lamented the nation's resistance to models abroad for correctives to the backwardness of American social politics. Atlantic Crossings is the first major account of the vibrant international network that they constructed—so often obscured by notions of American exceptionalism—and of its profound impact on the United States from the 1870s through 1945.

On a narrative canvas that sweeps across Europe and the United States, Daniel Rodgers retells the story of the classic era of efforts to repair the damages of unbridled capitalism. He reveals the forgotten international roots of such innovations as city planning, rural cooperatives, modernist architecture for public housing, and social insurance, among other reforms. From small beginnings to reconstructions of the new great cities and rural life, and to the wide-ranging mechanics of social security for working people, Rodgers finds the interconnections, adaptations, exchanges, and even rivalries in the Atlantic region's social planning. He uncovers the immense diffusion of talent, ideas, and action that were breathtaking in their range and impact.

The scope of Atlantic Crossings is vast and peopled with the reformers, university men and women, new experts, bureaucrats, politicians, and gifted amateurs. This long durée of contemporary social policy encompassed fierce debate, new conceptions of the role of the state, an acceptance of the importance of expertise in making government policy, and a recognition of a shared destiny in a newly created world.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780674002012
Publisher:	Harvard University Press
Publication date:	05/19/2000
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	648
Product dimensions:	6.38(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.25(d)

About the Author

Daniel T. Rodgers is Henry Charles Lea Professor of History at Princeton University.

Table of Contents

Prologue

Paris, 1900

World of Iron

Explaining Social Politics

The Atlantic World

Landscapes

Progressive Politics

Twilight of Laissez-Faire

Natural Acts and Social Desires

Professing Economics

The Self-Owned City

The Collectivism of Urban Life

Cities on a Hill

Civic Ambitions

Private Property, Public Designs

"City Planning in Justice to the Working Population"

The Wage Earners' Risks

Workingmen's Insurance

Fields of Interest

War Collectivism

Europe, 1914

Society "More or Less Molten"

Rural Reconstruction

Cooperative Farming

Island Communities

The Machine Age

The American Invasion of Europe

The Politics of Modernism

New Deal

The Intellectual Economy of Catastrophe

Solidarity Imagined

London, 1942

The Plan to Abolish Want

The Phoenix of Exceptionalism

Notes

Acknowledgments

Index

What People are Saying About This

Atlantic Crossings, Daniel Rodgers's monumental new account of progressive politics in the United States and Europe from 1870 to 1940, could not have been more timely. A spirited challenge to conventional interpretations of American progressive politics, Rodgers's book evokes a forgotten period when big government was respected, and when America borrowed blueprints for building activist governments from Europe. Therein lies Rodgers's central challenge to prevailing interpretations of American progressive politics: his argument that reform was a European import, not a wholly indigenous creation. The book's interpretive innovation is the result of an ambitious methodological departure. Rather than limiting his scope to American-born progressives, Rodgers opens up his study to include the vast network of cosmopolitan intellectuals responsible for the formation of progressive policies in Germany, England, France, Australia, and Sweden. To understand American progressivism, Rodgers boldly insists, one must comprehend the transatlantic world of ideas and political experimentation that helped shape it...The book's thesis itself is a thing of considerable dexterity, a rare combination of clarity and complexity.

Daniel Czitrom

Atlantic Crossings is a stunning intellectual achievement. By exploring the trans Atlantic context of reform ideas, as well as the connection between those ideas and the nitty gritty of political practice, Daniel Rodgers forces us to re-think the entire Progressive era and all its tangled legacies. This is a deeply researched, passionately argued, and beautifully written work of comparative history. Anyone interested in the history--and future--of the American reform tradition, the welfare state, or social democracy needs to read and learn from this magnificent book.
— Daniel Czitrom, Mount Holyoke College

David S. Sampliner

Atlantic Crossings, Daniel Rodgers's monumental new account of progressive politics in the United States and Europe from 1870 to 1940, could not have been more timely. A spirited challenge to conventional interpretations of American progressive politics, Rodgers's book evokes a forgotten period when big government was respected, and when America borrowed blueprints for building activist governments from Europe. Therein lies Rodgers's central challenge to prevailing interpretations of American progressive politics: his argument that reform was a European import, not a wholly indigenous creation. The book's interpretive innovation is the result of an ambitious methodological departure. Rather than limiting his scope to American-born progressives, Rodgers opens up his study to include the vast network of cosmopolitan intellectuals responsible for the formation of progressive policies in Germany, England, France, Australia, and Sweden. To understand American progressivism, Rodgers boldly insists, one must comprehend the transatlantic world of ideas and political experimentation that helped shape it...The book's thesis itself is a thing of considerable dexterity, a rare combination of clarity and complexity.
— David S. Sampliner, Dissent

John A. Thompson

This is a large and important book on a large and important subject. For all the current talk of globalization and interdependence, the United Sates is probably a more self-absorbed and inward-looking country today than it has ever been. As Daniel Rodgers clearly demonstrates, many Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries looked to Europe for ideas and models as they sought to confront the problems created by industrialization and urbanization. This massively researched and beautifully written study not only provides authoritative and careful analyses of the influence of German economists upon American progressives and the complexities of social insurance but also broadens the scope of "reform" by telling the story of the movements for city planning, rural cooperatives and modernist architecture. Throughout, Rodgers deftly points out the particular ways in which the peculiarities of the American environment shaped the fate of the various ideas and institutions that were brought across the Atlantic. In its scope and originality, this work brilliantly illuminates a lost dimension of recent American history and will confirm Daniel Rodgers' reputation as one of today's leading historians.
— John A. Thompson, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge

Alan Brinkley

A compelling narrative and a historical argument of great and lasting importance. It will be an enduring masterpiece.

Thomas Bender

[A] remarkable book...This is a big book not only in size but significance...It is a brilliant combination of intellectual and political history...It is probably the most important book written on the twentieth century in a decade at least...Because of the international perspective he takes, every subject Rodgers touches--from urban reform, to social insurance, rationalization, and more--is advanced, often significantly recast.
— Thomas Bender, New York University

Editorial Reviews

Atlantic Crossings is a stunning intellectual achievement. By exploring the trans Atlantic context of reform ideas, as well as the connection between those ideas and the nitty gritty of political practice, Daniel Rodgers forces us to re-think the entire Progressive era and all its tangled legacies. This is a deeply researched, passionately argued, and beautifully written work of comparative history. Anyone interested in the history—and future—of the American reform tradition, the welfare state, or social democracy needs to read and learn from this magnificent book.

Daniel Czitrom

This is a genuinely remarkable work of scholarship. Daniel Rodgers has undertaken a project of exceptional ambition and breadth, and he has succeeded magnificently in transforming his vast and wide-ranging research into both a compelling narrative and a historical argument of great and lasting importance. This is a book unlike any other I have ever read, and one of those rare works of scholarship that demands that we think familiar subjects anew. It is beautifully written and will be an enduring masterpiece.

Alan Brinkley

Atlantic Crossings, Daniel Rodgers's monumental new account of progressive politics in the United States and Europe from 1870 to 1940, could not have been more timely. A spirited challenge to conventional interpretations of American progressive politics, Rodgers's book evokes a forgotten period when big government was respected, and when America borrowed blueprints for building activist governments from Europe. Therein lies Rodgers's central challenge to prevailing interpretations of American progressive politics: his argument that reform was a European import, not a wholly indigenous creation. The book's interpretive innovation is the result of an ambitious methodological departure. Rather than limiting his scope to American-born progressives, Rodgers opens up his study to include the vast network of cosmopolitan intellectuals responsible for the formation of progressive policies in Germany, England, France, Australia, and Sweden. To understand American progressivism, Rodgers boldly insists, one must comprehend the transatlantic world of ideas and political experimentation that helped shape it...The book's thesis itself is a thing of considerable dexterity, a rare combination of clarity and complexity.

David S. Sampliner

Atlantic Crossings makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the complex traffic of social policy and design solutions during the period [of the 1930s]. It counters the notion of American isolation, and shows that there was an active transatlantic exchange of ideas and models generated, borrowed, tested and modified.

Journal of Design History - Nicolas Maffei

[Atlantic Crossings] reconstructs a distinctive era in American history during which American social politics were tied, through rivalry and intellectual exchange, to social political debates and endeavors in Europe.

Journal of Economic Literature

This book pulls into view another dimension of the Anglo-American relationship and broader Atlantic ties. Conversant in a formidable range of topics across two continents, Rodgers ably puts ideas, not impersonal forces, at the center of this century's great eras of reform. He describes Progressive and New Deal responses to the Industrial Revolution as really Atlantic in origin, not just American—full of borrowings from kindred social thinkers and urban planners watching their transatlantic counterparts.

Foreign Affairs

Atlantic Crossings is an extremely readable book on a subject—American and European social policy during the past century—about which few other academics have written with Daniel Rodgers' skillful blend of scholarship and flair. It is a book to be read from beginning to end for its account of the efforts to humanize the productive, but often brutal, changes imposed by the industrial revolution on what had been a predominantly agricultural world. It is also a book worth keeping on the table next to one's favorite armchair, offering moments of acquaintance with philanthropists, technologists, labor leaders, politicians, idealists and journalists whose personalities and proposals for economic correctives have been explained by the author in the manner of an erudite, witty and affectionate gallery lecturer...Most relevant of all is Mr. Rodgers' ability to convey to the reader an immediacy that is generally thought to be the sole province of great journalists. This reviewer stands in awe of the writer's ability to explain the interconnectedness of the topics he covers.

Washington Times - Roger Starr

This is a large and important book on a large and important subject. For all the current talk of globalization and interdependence, the United Sates is probably a more self-absorbed and inward-looking country today than it has ever been. As Daniel Rodgers clearly demonstrates, many Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries looked to Europe for ideas and models as they sought to confront the problems created by industrialization and urbanization. This massively researched and beautifully written study not only provides authoritative and careful analyses of the influence of German economists upon American progressives and the complexities of social insurance but also broadens the scope of ‘reform’ by telling the story of the movements for city planning, rural cooperatives and modernist architecture. Throughout, Rodgers deftly points out the particular ways in which the peculiarities of the American environment shaped the fate of the various ideas and institutions that were brought across the Atlantic. In its scope and originality, this work brilliantly illuminates a lost dimension of recent American history and will confirm Daniel Rodgers’ reputation as one of today’s leading historians.

John A. Thompson

Americans are so imbued with the sense of living in a 'city upon a hill' which is a model to the world that a book depicting American leaders enmeshed in a North Atlantic web jars. Daniel Rodgers places such a network at the heart of Progressive social reform, informing and shaping policy agendas from the 1890s to the New Deal...this is an impressive and informative work that will sensitize any reader to the international influences in the Progressive tradition. In particular, Rodgers deftly depicts the misunderstandings and dangers inherent in adopting social policies outside of their cultural context.

Bruce Leslien Studies in Scandinavia

It will be one of the most widely discussed books among historians of American politics and culture, and it will reach many social scientists in other disciplines as well...Rodgers challenges directly the prevailing wisdom about American insularity and exceptionalism, which pervades discussions of American social science and American political development among both historians and social scientists. His analysis displays the multiple dimensions of social policy formation, from the first presentation of ideas through the implementation of policies...[It] is intricate, detailed, and long, but its richness is inseparable from those characteristics...[A] well crafted, richly informative study.

James T. Kloppenberg

[A] remarkable book...This is a big book not only in size but significance...It is a brilliant combination of intellectual and political history...It is probably the most important book written on the twentieth century in a decade at least...Because of the international perspective he takes, every subject Rodgers touches—from urban reform, to social insurance, rationalization, and more—is advanced, often significantly recast.

Thomas Bender

Easily the best single-volume history of American progressivism and reform.

n+1 - Scott Spillman

Rodger's title, Atlantic Crossings, suggests his purpose, which is to argue that reform efforts in the United States were part of a broader and connected attempt in France, Germany, Denmark, and Britain to respond to the intertwined dilemmas of explosive urban growth, growing poverty, and mass migration...Rodgers demonstrates more clearly than any previous historian how literally hundreds of American activists pounced upon the pilot projects and settlement houses of the suddenly innovative Old World and attempted to transplant them to native grounds. The depth of research, in three languages, conclusively establishes the shared response to what contemporaries called the "social question."

John T. McGreevy

Americans are so imbued with the sense of living in a 'city upon a hill' which is a model to the world that a book depicting American leaders enmeshed in a North Atlantic web jars. Daniel Rodgers places such a network at the heart of Progressive social reform, informing and shaping policy agendas from the 1890s to the New Deal...this is an impressive and informative work that will sensitize any reader to the international influences in the Progressive tradition. In particular, Rodgers deftly depicts the misunderstandings and dangers inherent in adopting social policies outside of their cultural context.

American Studies in Scandinavia - Bruce Leslie

Easily the best single-volume history of American progressivism and reform.
— Scott Spillman

n+1

Atlantic Crossings is an extremely readable book on a subject—American and European social policy during the past century—about which few other academics have written with Daniel Rodgers' skillful blend of scholarship and flair. It is a book to be read from beginning to end for its account of the efforts to humanize the productive, but often brutal, changes imposed by the industrial revolution on what had been a predominantly agricultural world. It is also a book worth keeping on the table next to one's favorite armchair, offering moments of acquaintance with philanthropists, technologists, labor leaders, politicians, idealists and journalists whose personalities and proposals for economic correctives have been explained by the author in the manner of an erudite, witty and affectionate gallery lecturer...Most relevant of all is Mr. Rodgers' ability to convey to the reader an immediacy that is generally thought to be the sole province of great journalists. This reviewer stands in awe of the writer's ability to explain the interconnectedness of the topics he covers.
— Roger Starr

Washington Times

Americans are so imbued with the sense of living in a 'city upon a hill' which is a model to the world that a book depicting American leaders enmeshed in a North Atlantic web jars. Daniel Rodgers places such a network at the heart of Progressive social reform, informing and shaping policy agendas from the 1890s to the New Deal...this is an impressive and informative work that will sensitize any reader to the international influences in the Progressive tradition. In particular, Rodgers deftly depicts the misunderstandings and dangers inherent in adopting social policies outside of their cultural context.
— Bruce Leslie

American Studies in Scandinavia

Atlantic Crossings makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the complex traffic of social policy and design solutions during the period [of the 1930s]. It counters the notion of American isolation, and shows that there was an active transatlantic exchange of ideas and models generated, borrowed, tested and modified.
— Nicolas Maffei

Journal of Design History

Rodger's title, Atlantic Crossings, suggests his purpose, which is to argue that reform efforts in the United States were part of a broader and connected attempt in France, Germany, Denmark, and Britain to respond to the intertwined dilemmas of explosive urban growth, growing poverty, and mass migration...Rodgers demonstrates more clearly than any previous historian how literally hundreds of American activists pounced upon the pilot projects and settlement houses of the suddenly innovative Old World and attempted to transplant them to native grounds. The depth of research, in three languages, conclusively establishes the shared response to what contemporaries called the "social question."
— John T. McGreevy

Commonweal

It will be one of the most widely discussed books among historians of American politics and culture, and it will reach many social scientists in other disciplines as well...Rodgers challenges directly the prevailing wisdom about American insularity and exceptionalism, which pervades discussions of American social science and American political development among both historians and social scientists. His analysis displays the multiple dimensions of social policy formation, from the first presentation of ideas through the implementation of policies...[It] is intricate, detailed, and long, but its richness is inseparable from those characteristics...[A] well crafted, richly informative study.

Brandeis University James T. Kloppenberg

It's an ambitious book that attempts to reinterpret even one historical era, let alone two--and to do so across borders at that. "Nations lie enmeshed in each other's history," writes Princeton's Rodgers, prefacing his argument that our progressive era and the New Deal were chapters in an age of social politics when the United States was open to overseas influence as never before or since. Between 1870 and World War II, a new intensity in market relations, urbanization, and working-class grievance struck both Europe and America, leading progressives to import ideas on zoning and city planning, housing and social insurance, agriculture and rural community. The resulting "logjam" of proposals was broken only in the New Deal era, the last historical moment prior to a renewed sense of American exceptionalism. If Rodgers, a graceful writer and eclectic researcher, sometimes strains his thesis, the sheer mass of his examples will compel other scholars to assess their own interpretations within his framework. For all academic and larger public libraries.--Robert F. Nardini, North Chichester, NH

Library Journal

[A] truly remarkable synthesis of intellectual history and political history. Historians will depend on it for decades to come, and policy intellectuals will ignore it at their peril. -- The New Republic

Jackson Lears