Table of Contents
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Public Speaking 1
What Does It Mean to Speak in Public? 4
The Purposes of Public Speaking 8
Internal Purposes of Public Speaking 9
External Purposes of Public Speaking 12
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 13
Key Concepts 17
Chapter 2 Theory of Public Speaking 18
Ancient Times 19
The Classical Era 20
The Greeks 20
The Romans 26
Middle Ages and Renaissance 27
Modern Era 29
Science 29
Economics 30
Media 31
Where Does That Leave Us 33
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 35
Key Concepts 37
Chapter 3 Overcoming Communication Apprehension 38
Embrace the Nervous, Dispatch the Worry 39
I'm Worried That I'll Pass Out 40
How to Deal 41
I'm Worried I'll Forget What to Say 42
How to Deal 43
I'm Worried People Won't Understand What I Have to Say 45
How to Deal 45
I'm Worried People Won't Like What I Have to Say 47
How to Deal 48
I'm Worried Another Speaker Will Be Better Than Me 49
How to Deal 49
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 52
Key Concepts 54
Chapter 4 Writing for the Listening Audience 55
Audiences Are Easily Distracted 56
Defining the Listening Audience 56
Structuring a Speech for the Listening Audience 57
Adapting Your Writing for a Listening Audience 59
Clear Writing 59
Concise Writing 64
Coherent Writing 66
A Note About Tone and Your Personal Voice "71
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 72
Key Concepts 75
Chapter 5 Topic Selection 76
What Are We All Doing Here, Anyway? 77
Why Am I Talking, Why Are You Listening? 78
Speaking to Persuade 79
Speaking to Inform 80
A Storm is Coming-A BRAINstorm! 81
We Need a Little Focus in Our Lives (and Speech Topics) 86
Writing a Great Thesis 86
Keep in Mind, You Can Always Change Yours 87
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 88
Key Concepts 91
Chapter 6 Research 93
Selecting a Topic Through Research 94
Why Research? 94
Sources 95
But How Do I Find All These Sources? 97
Conducting Interviews 100
What Do We Do With Research? 103
Let's Organize This Piece 103
Citing Sources 106
How to Cite Sources 108
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 110
Key Concepts 114
Chapter 7 Organization 115
Macro-Organization 115
Undifferentiated Speech Organization 117
Differentiated Speech Organization 121
Informative Speaking 121
Persuasive Speaking 123
Handling Weak Points 126
Micro-Organization 127
Previews 127
Reviews 128
Transitions 129
Vehicles 134
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 135
Key Concepts 137
Chapter 8 Introductions and Conclusions 138
Introduction to Introductions 139
Attention-getting Devices, or First Impressions Are Last Chances 139
Getting the Audience's Attention! 143
Include a Link 148
Justification 150
The Thesis 150
Conclusions 154
Tying It Together; Authentic Communication 157
Key Concepts 158
Chapter 9 Physical Delivery 159
Letting Your Body Do the Talking 160
Posture 160
Gestures 162
Explanatory Gestures 164
Expressive Gestures 167
Using Space When Gesturing 169
Using Stillness When Gesturing 172
Eye Contact 172
Move Your Face 174
Physical Delivery Using Limited Notes 176
Power Posing 178
Where to Stand 180
Walking 182
Tying it Together: Authentic Communication 183
Key Concepts 186
Chapter 10 Vocal Delivery 187
Mow Does Speaking Work? 187
Why Planned Breathing is Important 188
Don't Breathe With Your Chest 189
Breathe With Your Diaphragm 189
Good Vibrations 191
How to Speak Better 191
Can the Audience Hear Yuu? Thinking About Volume and Projection 192
Thinking About Tempo and Pace 195
Thinking About Articulation and Pronunciation 200
Will the Audience Care? Thinking About Tone and Pitch 203
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 205
Key Concepts 207
Chapter 11 Audience Analysis 209
What Makes Each Audience Unique 209
Frames of Reference 211
Learning About Your Audience 212
Last-minute Audience Analysis 214
Identifying a Target Audience 214
Applying Your Audience Analysis to Your Performance 215
Adapting Content 215
Adapting Form 217
In the End, Everyone is a Kindergartner 220
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 220
Key Concepts 222
Chapter 12 The Speaking Experience 223
Preparation is a Process 224
Conceptualizing the Speech: One Month in Advance 225
Visualizing the Speech: Two Weeks Before 225
Completing the Speech: One Week Before 227
Trusting the Speech: The Night Before 228
Delivering the Speech: The Day Of 229
Recovery 232
Confidence: Fake It Until You Make It 234
Tying It Together: Authentic Communication 234
Key Concepts 235
Endnotes 237
