Barcodes for Mobile Devices

by Hiroko Kato, Keng T. Tan, Douglas Chai

Overview

From inventory management in stores to automotive part tracking in assembly plants, barcodes are one of the most prevalent automatic identification and data capture technologies. This book provides a complete introduction to barcodes for mobile devices, presenting the most relevant and up-to-date information previously unavailable elsewhere or difficult to obtain. The focus throughout is on recent developments and two-dimensional (2D) barcodes, including the research and development steps towards colour barcodes for mobile devices, helping readers to develop their own barcodes. The authors also provide design details for their own novel colour 2D barcode: the Mobile MultiColour Composite (MMCC) barcode, plus coverage of RFID technology and one-dimensional barcodes. This book is ideal for professional developers of barcodes for mobile devices who need the latest technical details and information on how to develop barcodes. It is also a useful reference for graduate students researching the field of barcode technology and mobile computing.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780521888394
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
Publication date:	04/08/2010
Pages:	268
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 9.70(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Keng Tiong Tan is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Computing, Health and Science at Edith Cowan University, Australia. In 1995 he won the Institute of Engineers Australia Medal.

Douglas Chai is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering and Director of the Visual Information Processing Research Group at Edith Cowan University. His current research interests include image processing, video coding, facial image analysis, document imaging and multimedia communications.

Hiroko Kato recently completed her Ph.D. in the School of Engineering at Edith Cowan University. Her research involved developing a novel colour 2D barcode.

Table of Contents

Dedication v

Preface ix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Overview of barcode technology 1

1.2 Organisation of the book 10

2 Barcode technology evolution 11

2.1 History of barcode technology 11

2.2 Development of barcode technology 16

2.3 Barcode systems 18

2.4 Emerging technologies and barcode 39

2.5 Summary 47

3 Two-dimensional barcode for mobile phones 49

3.1 QR Code 51

3.2 Data Matrix 60

3.3 VeriCode 66

3.4 mCode 69

3.5 TrillCode 73

3.6 ShotCode 76

3.7 Visual Code 78

3.8 BeeTagg 82

3.9 ColorCode 85

3.10 High Capacity Color Barcode 89

3.11 Summary 92

4 Evolution of barcode applications 94

4.1 The improvement in capability of barcode technology 94

4.2 Two-dimensional barcode as a tool for ubiquitous computing 97

4.3 Development of colour 2D barcodes 121

4.4 Summary 127

5 Technologies for enhancing barcode robustness 130

5.1 Error detection and correction codes 130

5.2 Effectiveness of data arrangement 140

5.3 Symbol structuring 143

5.4 Summary 150

6 A prototype colour 2D barcode development 152

6.1 Aims of the prototype colour 2D barcode development 152

6.2 Designing a 2D symbology 153

6.3 MMCC? barcode encoding algorithm 181

6.4 MMCC? barcode decoding algorithm 183

6.5 Summary 190

7 Evaluation of the prototype colour 2D barcode 192

7.1 Purpose of the experiments 192

7.2 Evaluation method and procedure 193

7.3 Experimental results and observations 196

7.4 Conclusions and future work 216

7.5 Summary 216

Appendices

A Barcode applications 218

B Automatic identification technologies 220

C Barcode history timeline 222

D MicroPDF417 data capacity and error correction capability 224

E QR Code symbol version and data capacity 226

F Data Matrix data capacity and error correction capability 231

G An image under the every-other-line effect 233

H Colour susceptibility and distance between colours 234

I MMCC? encoding and decoding 236

J First-read-rate test samples 238

K Subsampling method 247

References 248

Index 252