Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age
How and why was outdated racial content - and specifically blackface minstrelsy - not only permitted, but in fact allowed to thrive during the 1930s and 1940s despite the rigid motion picture censorship laws which were enforced during this time? Introducing a new theory of covert minstrelsy, this book illuminates Hollywood's practice of capitalizing on the Africanist aesthetic at the expense of Black lived experience. Through close examination of the musicals made during this period, this book shows how Hollywood utilized a series of covert "guises" or subterfuges-complicated and further masked by a film's narrative framing and novel technology to distract both censors and audiences from seeing the ways in which they were being fed a nineteenth-century White narrative of Blackness.

Drawing on the annals of Hollywood's most popular and its extremely rare films, Behind the Screen uncovers a half century of blackface application by delicately removing the individual layers of disguise through close analyses of films which paint tap dance, swing, and other predominantly Africanist forms in a negative light. This book goes beneath the image of recognizable White performers including Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, Fred Astaire, and Eleanor Powell, exploring the high cost of their onscreen representational politics. The book also recuperates the stories of several of the Black artists whose labor was abused during the choreographic and filming process. Some of the many newly documented stories include those of The Three Chocolateers, The Three Eddies, The Three Gobs, The Peters Sisters, Jeni Le Gon, and Cora La Redd. In stripping away the various disguises involved during Hollywood's Golden Age, Behind the Screen recovers the visibility of Black artists whose names Hollywood omitted from the credits and whose identities America has written out of the national narrative.
1142693171
Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age
How and why was outdated racial content - and specifically blackface minstrelsy - not only permitted, but in fact allowed to thrive during the 1930s and 1940s despite the rigid motion picture censorship laws which were enforced during this time? Introducing a new theory of covert minstrelsy, this book illuminates Hollywood's practice of capitalizing on the Africanist aesthetic at the expense of Black lived experience. Through close examination of the musicals made during this period, this book shows how Hollywood utilized a series of covert "guises" or subterfuges-complicated and further masked by a film's narrative framing and novel technology to distract both censors and audiences from seeing the ways in which they were being fed a nineteenth-century White narrative of Blackness.

Drawing on the annals of Hollywood's most popular and its extremely rare films, Behind the Screen uncovers a half century of blackface application by delicately removing the individual layers of disguise through close analyses of films which paint tap dance, swing, and other predominantly Africanist forms in a negative light. This book goes beneath the image of recognizable White performers including Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, Fred Astaire, and Eleanor Powell, exploring the high cost of their onscreen representational politics. The book also recuperates the stories of several of the Black artists whose labor was abused during the choreographic and filming process. Some of the many newly documented stories include those of The Three Chocolateers, The Three Eddies, The Three Gobs, The Peters Sisters, Jeni Le Gon, and Cora La Redd. In stripping away the various disguises involved during Hollywood's Golden Age, Behind the Screen recovers the visibility of Black artists whose names Hollywood omitted from the credits and whose identities America has written out of the national narrative.
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Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age

Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age

by Brynn W. Shiovitz
Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age

Behind the Screen: Tap Dance, Race, and Invisibility During Hollywood's Golden Age

by Brynn W. Shiovitz

Paperback

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Overview

How and why was outdated racial content - and specifically blackface minstrelsy - not only permitted, but in fact allowed to thrive during the 1930s and 1940s despite the rigid motion picture censorship laws which were enforced during this time? Introducing a new theory of covert minstrelsy, this book illuminates Hollywood's practice of capitalizing on the Africanist aesthetic at the expense of Black lived experience. Through close examination of the musicals made during this period, this book shows how Hollywood utilized a series of covert "guises" or subterfuges-complicated and further masked by a film's narrative framing and novel technology to distract both censors and audiences from seeing the ways in which they were being fed a nineteenth-century White narrative of Blackness.

Drawing on the annals of Hollywood's most popular and its extremely rare films, Behind the Screen uncovers a half century of blackface application by delicately removing the individual layers of disguise through close analyses of films which paint tap dance, swing, and other predominantly Africanist forms in a negative light. This book goes beneath the image of recognizable White performers including Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, Fred Astaire, and Eleanor Powell, exploring the high cost of their onscreen representational politics. The book also recuperates the stories of several of the Black artists whose labor was abused during the choreographic and filming process. Some of the many newly documented stories include those of The Three Chocolateers, The Three Eddies, The Three Gobs, The Peters Sisters, Jeni Le Gon, and Cora La Redd. In stripping away the various disguises involved during Hollywood's Golden Age, Behind the Screen recovers the visibility of Black artists whose names Hollywood omitted from the credits and whose identities America has written out of the national narrative.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780197553107
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication date: 03/24/2023
Pages: 394
Product dimensions: 6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Brynn Wein Shiovitz is Lecturer in the Department of Dance at Chapman University and the editor of The Body, the Dance, and the Text: Essays on Performance and the Margins of History.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Note on Language
Preface
Covert Minstrelsy: a Diagram

Introduction: Masks in Disguise

1. Integrating the Screen: Sound Synchronization, Sonic Guises, and Pre-Code Blackface, 1927-1930
sing-along: “Dinah,” a Fleischer Screen Song

2. Optical Illusion and Design: Exposure Values, Protean Guises, and Eddie Cantor's Blackface 1930-1933
cartoon short: The Three Little Pigs, an excerpted Walt Disney Silly Symphony

3. Public Works and Accolades: Race Film, Southern Repossession, and the Rise of Bill Robinson, 1929-1935
dance break: “Have You Got Any Castles,” Featuring Buck and Bubbles

4. Bon Homage: Female Figures, the Tribute Guise, and Pre-War Departures, 1934-1939
travel ad: Skirting Censorship: Brownface and Technology in Transit

5. With a Glory Be: The Gabriel Variation, Jazz, and Everything in Between, 1934-1942
war bond ad: “Any Bonds Today?” Produced in Cooperation with Warner Bros. and U.S. Treasury Dept. Defense Savings Staff

6. Hays is for Horses: Cartoons' Crossover Appeal, Dis-figuration, and the Animated Bestiary 1934-1942

Coda. Enlisting the Tropes: Covert Minstrelsy in Action, 1942-1954

Appendix: Excerpts from the Production Code (1934-1954)

Index
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