Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995
The first historical look at what happened during the Somalia intervention; what went wrong and what lessons we should learn from it.

The story of Black Hawk Down is a familiar one. On 3 October 1993 two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down, and in the ensuing Battle of Mogadishu eighteen Americans and hundreds of Somalis were killed. But very few appreciate that this was just one day in a two-and-a-half-year operation; the most ambitious attempt in history to rebuild a nation. The United States sought to show the world that the UN could rebuild a country, but in a dire foreshadowing of the failed efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan a decade later, the intervention in Somalia was plagued with political infighting, policy mismatch, confusion, and fatal assumptions.

In 1992 Somalia saw the largest ever deployment of American troops to the continent of Africa, and 1993 brought the first UN-led peace enforcement mission and the most ambitious experiment in nation-building. In Beyond Black Hawk Down, Jonathan Carroll provides the first scholarly military history of the entire intervention, from its early and largely successful humanitarian phase in 1992 through to the ultimate withdrawal of UN forces in 1995. Carroll dispels the myths and misunderstandings surrounding one of the most infamous episodes of the 1990s to present a new interpretation of events, most notably by including the Somali perspective, to argue what went so wrong in Somalia, and more importantly, why.

Understanding the intervention in Somalia, its successes and the roots of its failures, is invaluable to contemporary debates on concepts of nation-building and counterinsurgency. Moreover, the increasing regularity of inter-state and intra-state conflicts across the world means the international community will continue to be called upon to intervene in other failed or failing states in the future. Beyond Black Hawk Down is an important new history that will inform the shape and nature of future military interventions.

1146540767
Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995
The first historical look at what happened during the Somalia intervention; what went wrong and what lessons we should learn from it.

The story of Black Hawk Down is a familiar one. On 3 October 1993 two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down, and in the ensuing Battle of Mogadishu eighteen Americans and hundreds of Somalis were killed. But very few appreciate that this was just one day in a two-and-a-half-year operation; the most ambitious attempt in history to rebuild a nation. The United States sought to show the world that the UN could rebuild a country, but in a dire foreshadowing of the failed efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan a decade later, the intervention in Somalia was plagued with political infighting, policy mismatch, confusion, and fatal assumptions.

In 1992 Somalia saw the largest ever deployment of American troops to the continent of Africa, and 1993 brought the first UN-led peace enforcement mission and the most ambitious experiment in nation-building. In Beyond Black Hawk Down, Jonathan Carroll provides the first scholarly military history of the entire intervention, from its early and largely successful humanitarian phase in 1992 through to the ultimate withdrawal of UN forces in 1995. Carroll dispels the myths and misunderstandings surrounding one of the most infamous episodes of the 1990s to present a new interpretation of events, most notably by including the Somali perspective, to argue what went so wrong in Somalia, and more importantly, why.

Understanding the intervention in Somalia, its successes and the roots of its failures, is invaluable to contemporary debates on concepts of nation-building and counterinsurgency. Moreover, the increasing regularity of inter-state and intra-state conflicts across the world means the international community will continue to be called upon to intervene in other failed or failing states in the future. Beyond Black Hawk Down is an important new history that will inform the shape and nature of future military interventions.

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Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995

Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995

by Jonathan Carroll
Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995

Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992-1995

by Jonathan Carroll

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Overview

The first historical look at what happened during the Somalia intervention; what went wrong and what lessons we should learn from it.

The story of Black Hawk Down is a familiar one. On 3 October 1993 two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down, and in the ensuing Battle of Mogadishu eighteen Americans and hundreds of Somalis were killed. But very few appreciate that this was just one day in a two-and-a-half-year operation; the most ambitious attempt in history to rebuild a nation. The United States sought to show the world that the UN could rebuild a country, but in a dire foreshadowing of the failed efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan a decade later, the intervention in Somalia was plagued with political infighting, policy mismatch, confusion, and fatal assumptions.

In 1992 Somalia saw the largest ever deployment of American troops to the continent of Africa, and 1993 brought the first UN-led peace enforcement mission and the most ambitious experiment in nation-building. In Beyond Black Hawk Down, Jonathan Carroll provides the first scholarly military history of the entire intervention, from its early and largely successful humanitarian phase in 1992 through to the ultimate withdrawal of UN forces in 1995. Carroll dispels the myths and misunderstandings surrounding one of the most infamous episodes of the 1990s to present a new interpretation of events, most notably by including the Somali perspective, to argue what went so wrong in Somalia, and more importantly, why.

Understanding the intervention in Somalia, its successes and the roots of its failures, is invaluable to contemporary debates on concepts of nation-building and counterinsurgency. Moreover, the increasing regularity of inter-state and intra-state conflicts across the world means the international community will continue to be called upon to intervene in other failed or failing states in the future. Beyond Black Hawk Down is an important new history that will inform the shape and nature of future military interventions.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780700638888
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Publication date: 06/24/2025
Series: Modern War Studies
Pages: 464
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.00(d)

About the Author

About The Author
Jonathan Carroll is a former officer in the Irish Defence Forces who earned a PhD from Texas A&M University. He is an associate professor of military history at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.

Table of Contents

List of Maps

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations

Note on Spelling

Introduction

1. “The Collapse of Somalia: The Long Dark Road through Anarchy to Interventions

2. A Tale of Two Bureaucracies: The United Nations and United States Decide to Intervene in Somalia

3. Deploying to the Moon: The Formation and Arrival of the Unified Task Force

4. Pacification, Presence, and Overwhelming Force: Securing Somalia

5. Jump-starting a Nation: UNITAF and Embryonic Nation Building

6. The Reluctant Crusader: UNOSOM II Takes over in Somalia

7. 5 June 1993

8. The Fatal Attraction of Mogadishu: The Summer War, June - October 1993

9. The Battle of Mogadishu

10. Caught in the Dangerous Interlude: Charting the Course of UNOSOM amidst the Settling Dust

11. Left to Wither on the Vine: The End of UNOSOM in Somalia

Epilogue: Dancing on the Corpse of a Helicopter

Appendix A: Major Somali Clans and Subclans and Their Political Factions

Appendix B: Coalition Forces Deployment List

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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