Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
A Connection of Brains
Separate but Related Processes
The Unique Characteristics of Human Speech
Speech: The Tale of Two Brains
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Review Questions
Chapter 2
Language Acquisition: A Theoretical Journey
Evidence of Biological and Environmental Influences on Language Learning
A Review: The Major Theories of Language Acquisition
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Review Questions
Chapter 3
Cognitive Development: Building a Foundation for Language
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: A Sociocultural Perspective
Dynamic Systems Theory
The Perceptual Groundwork for Communication
Executive Functions
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Review Questions
Chapter 4
In the Beginning: Communication Development from Birth to 2 Years
From the Beginning, the Infant Communicates
Ready to Receive Language: Perception and Comprehension of Words
Ready to Speak: Expressive Growth in Infancy
The Development of Communication Functions: Using Communication to Get Things Done
Beyond Infancy: The Emergence of Language
Early Syntactic Development: A Stage Model
Early Stage 1 (MLU: 1.0 to 1.5; Age: 12 to 22 Months)
Late Stage 1: Syntactic Development–Words to Word Combinations (MLU: 1.5 to 2.0; Age: 22 to 26 Months)
Comprehension and Production: A Critical and Evolving Relationship
Social Routines Involving Literacy: Songs, Rhymes, and Stories
Stage 1: A Brief Look Back and a Glimpse Forward
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Review Questions
Chapter 5
The Saga Continues: Language Development Through the Preschool Years
Stage 2: Elaborating Structure and Refining Meaning
Stage 3: Producing Longer, More Adultlike Sentences
Stage 4: Elaboration with Phrases and Clauses
Stage 5: Polishing the Act
The Role of Comprehension and Production in Language Development
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Review Questions
Chapter 6
Taking Language to School and into Adulthood
The Classroom and Language: New Demands
Semantic Development
Syntax and Morphology
Pragmatics, Conversation, and Narratives
Metalinguistic Development During the School Years
Learning to Read and Write
And the Beat Goes On . . .
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Review Questions
Chapter 7
The Building Blocks of Speech
Describing Speech Sounds
Development of Speech Sounds in Prelinguistic and The One-Word Stage
Development of Speech Sounds in Two-Word Utterances and Beyond
Coarticulation and Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech Production
The Roles of Biology, Cognition, and Social Interaction in Phonological Development
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Review Questions
Chapter 8
Language Diversity: Social/Cultural and Regional Differences
Socioeconomic Factors
Social/Cultural Factors
Social/Cultural Dialects
The Changing Face of America and Bilingual Language Development
Bilingualism
The Optimal Age of Second Language Learning
Cognition, Language, and Literacy Development
Cultural Diversity in the Public Schools
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Review Questions
Chapter 9
Speech and Language Disorders in the Home, School, and Community
Interrelationships of Speech and Language Disorders
Causes and Types of Communication Disorders
Speech Disorders
Summary
Final Thoughts
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Review Questions
Appendix
The Anatomical and Physiological Bases of Speech, Language, and Hearing
Speech as the Product of Borrowed Structures
The Four Processes of Speech
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
The Four Processes in Review
The Brain: The Computer Center for Speech and Language
The Ear: An Energy Transformer
The Complete Speech and Language Machine
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Review Questions
Glossary
Name Index
Subject Index
References and Suggested Readings