Bridging the Gap: College Reading / Edition 12

by Brenda Smith, LeeAnn Morris

Overview

Bridging the Gap encourages readers to build on their previous reading experience to develop strategies for the demands of college reading. Numerous academic readings and videos help readers build new “bridges” with text-to-text, text-to-world, and text-to-self connections. Fundamentals are strengthened through comprehensive skill instruction, critical-thinking activities, dependable exercises and examples, vocabulary development, and abundant high-interest readings.

KEY TOPICS:
Active Academic Reading; Strategic Reading and Study; Organizing Textbook Information for Study; Vocabulary; Main Idea and Supporting Details; Patterns of Organization; Inference; Point of View; Graphic Illustrations; Critical Thinking


MARKET:
For anyone interested in improving reading skills.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780134072760
Publisher:	Pearson Education
Publication date:	01/27/2016
Edition description:	Older Edition
Pages:	592
Product dimensions:	7.90(w) x 10.10(h) x 0.90(d)
Lexile:	1110L (what's this?)

About the Author

Dr. Brenda Smith, Professor Emerita of Georgia State University, is the author of Bridging the Gap: College Reading, Breaking Through: College Reading, and the Reader’s Handbook. Dr. Smith has authored other books on college reading and test-taking, and was the general editor of a series of study skills books for five different content areas. Dr. Smith taught Developmental Studies Reading at GSU and developed Freshman Orientation courses for the university. She was twice awarded “Outstanding Article of the Journal of Developmental Education.” Other awards include Distinguished Alumni Professor, Distinguished Georgia Educator, and Georgia Reading Teacher of the Year. Dr. Smith lives in Atlanta and serves on the Advisory Boards of the Shepherd Spinal Center and the Members Guild of the Atlanta History Center.

Dr. LeeAnn Morris has more than 20 years of community college teaching experience and is committed to helping students achieve their college and career goals. She takes great satisfaction in continuing Brenda Smith’s legacy of excellence by shepherding Breaking Through: College Reading and Bridging the Gap: College Reading through their current editions.

LeeAnn is a Distinguished Faculty professor at San Jacinto College near Houston, where she has been honored with the Outstanding Faculty Award. She served as chair of the College Preparatory Department and is delighted to return to the classroom full time to teach two levels of integrated reading and writing courses.

LeeAnn is an avid reader and believer in the power and pleasure of lifelong reading. She has done extensive research on reading workshop approaches for college developmental reading students. She has witnessed the satisfaction and growth that come from reading often and widely and has incorporated the reading workshop concept into her teaching, along with Breaking Through and Bridging the Gap.

Table of Contents

1. Active Academic Reading

What Is Active Academic Reading?

What Can We Learn From Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience?

BRAIN BOOSTER
BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Paying Attention?

Help Your Brain Absorb New Information

Poor Concentration: Causes and Cures

External Distractions
Internal Distractions

BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Curious?
READER’S TIP: Improving Concentration
READER’S TIP: Managing Electronic Communication

Is Reading Rate Important?

Varying Rate and Technique to Fit Purpose
Rate Variations and Prior Knowledge

READER’S TIP: Efficient Reading: Adjusting Rate and Technique to Material and Purpose

What Is Your Baseline Reading Rate?

BRAIN BOOSTER: Music to Our Ears and to Our Brains

Habits for Faster Reading

Strategies for Reading Comprehension Tests

Plan for Success
Before Taking a Test

BRAIN BOOSTER: Balance Memorization and Application in Test Preparation

During the Test
After the Test

BRAIN BOOSTER: Turn Mistakes Into Successes

Recognize the Major Types of Comprehension Questions

READER’S TIP: Key Words in Essay Questions

Locus of Control

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY

“Are you Stalling? Win the Battle Against Procrastination!” from Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise G. Boyd
CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY

SELECTION 2 HISTORY

“Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls” from Jacqueline Jones, et al.
CONCEPT PREP FOR HISTORY

SELECTION 3 SCIENCE

“Is there Enough Earth for Everyone?” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: OVER, UNDER, AROUND, AND THROUGH

2. Strategic Reading and Study

What Is Strategic Reading?

Four Types of Readers
The Stages of Reading

Stage 1: Strategies for Previewing

Signposts for Previewing

READER’S TIP: Ask Questions While Previewing

Preview to Activate Schemata

BRAIN BOOSTER: Schemata and Your Brain

Stage 2: Strategies for Integrating Knowledge While Reading

Integrating Ideas: How Do Good Readers Think?
Metacognition

READER’S TIP: Using Thinking Strategies While Reading
READER’S TIP: Developing Metacognition for Reading

Stage 3: Strategies for Recalling

Recalling Through Writing
The Three Steps of Recalling

READER’S TIP: Thinking After Reading
BRAIN BOOSTER: Use It to Remember It!
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 HISTORY

“Madam C. J. Walker: Business Savvy to Generous Philanthropy” from America.gov Archive

SELECTION 2 HEALTH

“High-Risk Drinking and College Students” from Rebecca J. Donatelle and Patricia Ketchum

SELECTION 3 BUSINESS

“Toms Shoes: ‘Be the Change You Want to See in the World’” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler
CONCEPT PREP FOR BUSINESS
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY

3. Organizing Textbook Information for Study

Get Organized for College Study

Building Knowledge Networks
The Study Process
Organizing Textbook Information

BRAIN BOOSTER: Exercise to Boost Brain Power

Annotating

Why Annotate?

READER’S TIP: How to Annotate

When to Annotate

Note Taking

When and How to Take Notes
The Cornell Method

READER’S TIP: How to Take Notes: The Cornell Method

Outlining

READER’S TIP: Guidelines for Successful Outlining
BRAIN BOOSTER: Sleep and Problem Solving

Mapping

READER’S TIP: How to Map
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS

“Watch Your Language!” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler
CONCEPT PREP FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE

SELECTION 2 HEALTH

“Managing Stress in College” from Rebecca J. Donatelle

CONCEPT PREP FOR HEALTH

SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“Police DNA Collection Sparks Questions” from the Associated Press
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHO’S WHO IN MEDICINE?

4. Vocabulary

Remembering New Words and Unlocking Meaning

Associate Words in Phrases
Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds

BRAIN BOOSTER: Use Your Senses to Make More Sense!

Associate Words With Images
Seek Reinforcement
Create Concept Cards
Use Strategies to Unlock Meaning While Reading

Using Context Clues

Definition or Synonym
Elaborating Details
Examples
Comparison
Contrast
Antonyms
Limitations of Context Clues
Multiple Meanings of a Word

Understanding the Structure of Words
Using Word Reference Aids

Using a Dictionary
Using a Glossary
Using a Thesaurus

BRAIN BOOSTER: Meaning Matters!

Deepening Word Meaning

Exploring Word Origins
Solving Analogies

READER’S TIP: Categories of Analogy Relationships

Studying Easily Confused Words

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 HEALTH

“Technology and Health” from Rebecca J. Donatelle
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHAT’S IN, WHAT’S OUT?
WHAT’S HOT, WHAT’S NOT?

5. Main Idea and Supporting Details
Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details

What Is a Topic?
What Is a Main Idea?
What Are Supporting Details?
Distinguishing Topics, Main Ideas, and Details: A Closer Look

Strategies for Finding the Main Idea

Prior Knowledge and Constructing the Main Idea
Identifying Main Ideas Among Sentences

READER’S TIP: Using Three Questions to Find the Main Idea

Questioning for the Main Idea

Stated Main Ideas

The Topic Sentence
How Common Are Stated Main Ideas?
Where Are Stated Main Ideas Located?

What Are Major and Minor Details?

READER’S TIP: Signals for Significance

Unstated Main Ideas

Unstated Main Ideas in Sentences
Unstated Main Ideas in Paragraphs

Determining the Main Idea of Longer Selections

READER’S TIP: Getting the Main Idea of Longer Selections
BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Need the Right Amount of Sleep

Summary Writing: A Main Idea Skill

Why Summarize?

READER’S TIP: How to Summarize
BRAIN BOOSTER: Chronic Stress and the Brain
SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY

“The Obedience Study” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry

CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY
SELECTION 2 SHORT STORY

“On the Sidewalk, Bleeding” from Evan Hunter

CONCEPT PREP FOR LITERATURE
SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“Fighting Violent Gang Crime with Math” from Stuart Wolpert

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE SUN, THE MOON, AND THE STARS

6. Patterns of Organization
Textbook Organization: The Big Picture
What Do Transitional Words Do?

Words That Signal Addition
Words That Signal Examples or Illustrations
Words That Signal Time or Sequence
Words That Signal Comparison
Words That Signal Contrast

READER’S TIP: Transitions and Their Functions

Words That Signal Cause and Effect

Patterns of Organization in Textbooks

BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Like Patterns

Simple Listing
Definition
Description
Time Order, Sequence, or Narration
Comparison
Contrast
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Classification
Summary
Location or Spatial Order
Generalization and Example

READER’S TIP: Patterns of Organization and Signal Words

Clues to the Organizational Pattern

BRAIN BOOSTER: Watering the Brain

Mixed Organizational Patterns

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 COMMUNICATIONS

“Managing Conflict” from Joseph A. DeVito

SELECTION 2 HISTORY

“Barbara Johns Leads a Student Strike” from Clayborne Carson, et al.

CONCEPT PREP FOR ART HISTORY
SELECTION 3 BUSINESS

“Why is Papa John’s Rolling in the Dough?” from Courtland L. Bovée, John V. Thrill, and Barbara E. Schatzman

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: CAN I GET THAT IN WRITING?

7. Inference
What Is an Inference?
What Is Required to Make a Reasonable Inference?

Implied Meaning in Humor

BRAIN BOOSTER: The Brain’s Pleasure Center and Learning

Connotative Language
Euphemisms and Politically Correct Language
Figurative Language

Idioms
Similes
Metaphors
Hyperbole
Personification
Verbal Irony
Figurative Language in Poetry

Clues to Making Logical Inferences

Inferences Based on Facts
Inferences Based on the Voice of a Speaker or Narrator
Inferences Based on Action and Description
Inferences Based on Prior Knowledge

BRAIN BOOSTER: Boost Brain Power Through

Collaboration
Expanding Prior Knowledge

READER’S TIP: Making Inferences

Drawing Conclusions

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 SHORT STORY

“A Dip in the Poole” from Bill Pronzini

CONCEPT PREP FOR PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE

SELECTION 2 PHILOSOPHY

“Coyote” from Robert S. Ellwood

SELECTION 3 PERSONAL NARRATIVE

“Fear the College Years” from John Corcoran
CONCEPT PREP FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: SAY, WHAT?

8. Point of View
What Is the Author’s Point of View?

Textbooks and the Author’s Point of View
What Is Bias?

READER’S TIP: Questions to Uncover Bias

The Importance of the Reader’s Point of View

BRAIN BOOSTER: Male and Female Brains and Their Points of View

What Are Facts and Opinions?
What Is the Author’s Purpose?
What Is the Author’s Tone?

READER’S TIP: Recognizing an Author’s Tone

Using Tone and Other Clues to Determine the Point of View in Editorial Cartoons

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PHILOSOPHY

“Decision” from Gary R. Kirby and Jeffery R. Goodpaster

SELECTION 2 SCIENCE

“Earth’s Changing Climate” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers

SELECTION 3 PSYCHOLOGY

“Mental Disorder and Personal Responsibility” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION!

9. Graphic Illustrations
What Graphics Do

READER’S TIP: How to Read Graphic Illustrations

Types of Graphic Illustrations

Diagrams
Tables
Maps
Pie Graphs
Bar Graphs
Cumulative Bar Graphs
Line Graphs
Flowcharts

SUMMARY POINTS
SELECTION 1 PERSONAL NARRATIVE

“Little Income, Big Debt: Managing Money in College” from Trent Hamm

SELECTION 2 SCIENCE

“The Risks and Benefits of Weight Loss Plans” from Jane B. Reece et al.

SELECTION 3 SOCIOLOGY

“People, Technology, and the Environment” from John J. Macionis
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: PLAY IT AGAIN, SAM

10. Critical Thinking
What Is Thinking?

What Is Analytical Thinking?
What Is Critical Thinking?
Critical Thinking Skills and College Goals

READER’S TIP: Four Habits of Effective Critical Thinkers

Barriers to Critical Thinking

Recognizing an Argument
Steps in Analyzing and Evaluating an Argument

Step 1: Identify the Position on the Issue
Step 2: Identify the Support in the Argument

READER’S TIP: Types of Support for Arguments

Step 3: Evaluate the Support
Step 4: Evaluate the Argument

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Applying the Four Steps of Critical Thinking

Explanation of the Four Steps

Creative and Critical Thinking

BRAIN BOOSTER: The Creative Brain
SUMMARY POINTS

Themed Readings
Technology, Crime, and Ethics

SELECTION 1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“High Technology and Criminal Opportunity” from Frank J. Schmalleger

SELECTION 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“Fighting Crime with Technology” from Frank J. Schmalleger

SELECTION 3 ESSAY

“The Writer and the Troll” from Lindy West

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: FOREIGN TERMS

Glossary
Credits
Index
Progress Chart for Reading Selections