Cellular Radio Performance Engineering

by Asha K. Mehrotra

Overview

This authoritative book focuses on the vital aspects of cellular radio system modeling and performance analysis.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780890067482
Publisher:	Artech House, Incorporated
Publication date:	12/01/1994
Series:	Artech House Mobile Communications Series
Pages:	556
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.38(d)

Table of Contents

	Preface	xiii
Chapter 1	Introduction to Cellular Mobile Radio	1
1.1	A Brief History of Mobile Communication	1
1.2	Organization of the Book	5
	References	6
Chapter 2	Mathematical Background	7
2.1	Introduction	7
2.2	Statistical Theory	8
2.2.1	Definitions and Axioms of Probability Theory	8
2.2.2	Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Probabilities	10
2.2.3	Random Variables, Probability Distribution, and Probability Densities	12
2.2.4	Tchebycheff Inequality	17
2.2.5	Transformation of Random Variables	18
2.2.6	Some Useful Probability Distributions	20
2.2.7	Level Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades	33
2.2.8	Random Process Description	35
2.2.9	Power Spectral Density	36
2.2.10	Linear Time-Invariant Systems	37
2.2.11	Quadrature Representation of Narrowband Noise	38
2.3	Conclusions	40
	Problems	40
	Appendix 2A	42
	References	46
Chapter 3	Cellular Environment	47
3.1	Introduction	47
3.2	Statistics of Short- and Long-Term Fading	50
3.2.1	Short-Term Statistics	52
3.2.2	Combined Short- and Long-Term Statistics	59
3.3	Spectral Density of the Received Signal	60
3.4	Level Crossing	67
3.5	Spatial Correlation of Electric and Magnetic Fields	71
3.6	Correlation Between Two Signals: Coherence Bandwidth	77
3.7	Channel Simulator Design	82
3.8	Environmental Noise	83
3.8.1	Ignition Noise	84
3.9	Conclusions	87
	Problems	87
	References	88
Chapter 4	Propagation	91
4.1	Introduction	91
4.2	Expressing Propagation Characteristics	94
4.2.1	Transmission-Related Parameters	94
4.2.2	Terrain Parameters	101
4.3	Free-Space Propagation	104
4.3.1	Relation Between Transmitted Power and Receive Field Intensity	104
4.3.2	Free-Space Loss	107
4.4	Propagation over Flat Earth	109
4.4.1	Complex Permittivity Equation	115
4.4.2	Reflection Coefficient	116
4.5	Effects of the Earth's Curvature	118
4.6	Concept of Equivalent Earth's Radius	121
4.6.1	Bullington 3 Loss Method over Smooth Spherical Earth	123
4.7	Volumes of Radio Transmission: Fresnel Zone	126
4.8	Propagation over a Knife Edge	133
4.8.1	Multiple Knife-Edge Diffraction	136
4.9	Rough-Surface Criteria	141
4.10	UHF Propagation Models	144
4.10.1	General Test Models at UHF	156
4.10.2	Test Results	159
4.10.3	Adjustment to Models	164
4.11	Conclusions	171
	Problems	172
	References	174
Chapter 5	Antenna Systems	177
5.1	Introduction	177
5.2	Antenna Gain	178
5.2.1	Composite Gain of Two Antennas	185
5.2.2	Polarization	189
5.2.3	Bandwidth	190
5.3	Cell-Site Antennas	190
5.4	Mobile Antennas	194
5.5	Ancillary Devices	204
5.5.1	Comluner	205
5.5.2	Receiver Multicoupler	210
5.5.3	Duplexer	213
5.5.4	Transmission Line	215
5.6	Problems with Cellular Antennas	217
5.6.1	Dead Spot Problem	217
5.6.2	Isolation Between Transmit and Receiver Antennas	218
5.6.3	Anterna Mounting	222
5.7	Receiver Noise Considerations	223
5.7.1	Noise Equivalent Bandwidth	223
5.7.2	Noise Figure (Effective Noise Temperature)	226
5.7.3	Network in Cascade	228
5.8	Intermodulation	231
5.9	Conclusions	235
	Problems	236
	References	239
Chapter 6	Cochannd and Adjacent-Channel Interference	241
6.1	Introduction	241
6.2	Cochannel Interference	242
6.2.1	Probaoilistic Model	250
6.2.2	Cochannel Interference Avoidance	256
6.3	Adjacent-Channel Interference	261
6.3.1	Adjacent-Channel Interference Control	262
6.4	Near-End To Far-End Ratio	267
6.5	Conclusions	269
	Problems	270
	References	271
Chapter 7	Analog and Digital Modulation	273
7.1	Introduction	273
7.2	Analog Angls (FM and PM) Modulation	276
7.2.1	Characteristics of Angle Modulation	276
7.2.2	FM Spectra	278
7.2.3	Geneation of FM Signals	281
7.2.4	FM Pemodulators	285
7.3	Detailed Digital Technical Requirements	290
7.3.1	Spectal Efficient Modulation Techniques	291
7.3.2	Adjacent-Channel Interference	293
7.3.3	Good BER Performance	293
7.3.4	Efficent Use of dc Power	294
7.3.5	Applicability to the Cellular Environment	295
7.3.6	Implementation Ease	295
7.4	Digital Modulation	295
7.4.1	BFSK Modulation	295
7.4.2	BPSK Modulation	301
7.4.3	QPSK and OQPSK Modulation	307
7.5	Actual Modulations Used in Mobile Communications	315
7.5.1	MSK Modulation	315
7.5.2	GMSK Modulation	327
7.5.3	[pi]/4 DQPSK Modulation	333
7.6	Tamed Frequency Modulation	341
7.7	Conclusions	344
	Problems	344
	References	347
Chapter 8	Diversity and Combining	349
8.1	Introduction	349
8.2	Diversity Techniques	351
8.2.1	Time Diversity	351
8.2.2	Frequency Diversity	352
8.2.3	Space Diversity	352
8.2.4	Angle Diversity (Direction Diversity)	357
8.2.5	Field Component Diversity	361
8.2.6	Polarization Diversity	362
8.2.7	Rake Diversity	362
8.3	Predetection and Postdetection Combiners	362
8.4	Combining Techniques	366
8.4.1	Details of the Scanning Diversity Combiner	371
8.4.2	Selection Combining	375
8.4.3	Maximal Ratio Combining	379
8.4.4	Equal Gain Combining	382
8.5	Effects of Diversity on FSK Modulation	386
8.6	Comparison of Selection, Maximal Ratio, and Equal Gain Combining Techniques	389
8.7	Conclusions	390
	Problems	390
	References	392
Chapter 9	Signal Processing and Coding	395
9.1	Introduction	395
9.2	Signal Processing	397
9.2.1	Characteristics of Baseband Signals	397
9.2.2	Baseband Filtering Requirements	404
9.2.3	Fundamentals of Phase Locked Loop	409
9.2.4	Barker Code Recovery	434
9.2.5	Equalizer	435
9.2.6	Voice Processing in FM Systems	441
9.3	Block Coding	447
9.3.1	Shannon Bound	448
9.3.2	Hard and Soft Decisions	449
9.3.3	Code Rate, Redundancy, Weight, and Distance	455
9.3.4	Throughput and Coding Gain	456
9.3.5	Message Requirements in Coded Communication	459
9.3.6	Majority Voting Process (Time Diversity)	463
9.3.7	Interleaving for Burst Error Randomization	464
9.4	Speech Coding	470
9.4.1	Transmission Rates in Speech Coding	471
9.4.2	Residual Excited Linear Prediction Vocoder	474
9.4.3	CELP Speech Coder	483
9.5	Conclusions	484
	Problems	485
	References	485
Chapter 10	Microcellular Radio Communication: Cordless Telephones and Personal Communication	487
10.1	Introduction	487
10.2	Microcellular Systems	489
10.2.1	Technical and Operational Requirements of Microcellular Systems	492
10.3	Cordless Telephone	499
10.3.1	Technical Requirements	503
10.3.2	Cordless Telephone Versus Cellular Radio	508
10.3.3	Cordless Telephone First Generation CT-1	508
10.3.4	Cordless Telephone Second Generation CT-2	509
10.3.5	Digital European Cordless Telecommunication	514
10.4	PCN Services	518
10.4.1	Comparing PCN to Cellular	519
10.4.2	PCN in Europe	519
10.4.3	PCN in the United States	520
10.4.4	Expected Technical Characteristics of the CDMA System	522
10.5	Conclusions	523
	Problems	524
	References	525
	About the Author	527
	Index	529

Editorial Reviews

For practicing engineers and for senior undergraduate and graduate students (who have completed senior level courses in communication engineering), this volume doesn't attempt to cover all aspects of cellular radio, but focuses on a concise set of performance-related topics: cellular channel characterization, propagation, antenna systems, interference, modulation, diversity, and signal processing aspects. Present and future aspects of cellular radio are also covered through the discussion of microcellular technology, including cordless telephones, PCN, and PCS services. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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