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Clause Structure and Word Order in Hebrew and Arabic: An Essay in Comparative Semitic Syntax
304
by Ur Shlonsky
Ur Shlonsky
Clause Structure and Word Order in Hebrew and Arabic: An Essay in Comparative Semitic Syntax
304
by Ur Shlonsky
Ur Shlonsky
Paperback
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Overview
Shlonsky uses Chomsky's Government and Binding Approach to examine clausal architecture and verb movement in Hebrew and several varieties of Arabic. He establishes a syntactic analysis of Hebrew and then extends that analysis to certain aspects of Arabic clausal syntax. Through this comparative lens of Hebrew, Shlonsky hopes to resolve a number of problems in Arabic syntax. His results generate some novel and important conclusions concerning the patterns of negations, verb movement, the nature of participles, and the gamut of positions available to clausal subjects in both languages.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780195108675 |
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Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Publication date: | 06/12/1997 |
Series: | Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax |
Pages: | 304 |
Product dimensions: | 6.00(w) x 9.19(h) x 0.65(d) |
Lexile: | 1420L (what's this?) |
Table of Contents
Note on Transcription and Glosses | xi | |
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | Prologue | 1 |
1.2 | Clause Structure | 2 |
1.2.1 | The Functional Layer | 3 |
1.2.2 | The Operator Layer | 5 |
1.2.3 | Support Theory and Checking Theory | 6 |
1.3 | Elements of Hebrew and Arabic Clausal Syntax | 7 |
1.3.1 | Word Order and Verb Movement | 7 |
1.3.2 | The System of Tenses and Agreement | 9 |
1.3.3 | Clausal Negation | 12 |
1.3.4 | A Note on pet and Accusative Case | 17 |
Part I | Verb Movement and Clausal Architecture | 21 |
2 | The Active Participle and the Syntax of the Present Tense | 25 |
2.1 | Overview | 25 |
2.1.1 | Benoni Inflection | 26 |
2.1.2 | Categorial Ambiguity of the Benoni | 27 |
2.2 | The Verbal Benoni | 28 |
2.3 | The Benoni as a Participle | 30 |
2.3.1 | The Benoni in Complex Tenses | 31 |
2.3.2 | The Benoni in Complement Small Clauses | 34 |
2.3.3 | The Benoni in Adjunct Small Clauses | 35 |
2.3.4 | The Benoni in Semi-relatives | 36 |
2.3.5 | The Benoni in Another Type of Negative Structure | 37 |
2.4 | The Benoni as a Present Tense Verb | 38 |
2.4.1 | The Auxiliary 'Be' and the Benoni | 39 |
2.4.2 | Clausal Adjuncts and Participial (Small Clause) Adjuncts | 40 |
2.4.3 | Relative Clauses | 41 |
2.4.4 | lo Negation in Present Tense Sentences | 42 |
2.5 | Conclusion | 42 |
3 | Participles and Auxiliaries | 43 |
3.1 | The Benoni Raises beyond AgrPartP | 43 |
3.1.1 | Subject Inversion in Present Tense Sentences | 43 |
3.1.2 | Inversion in Relative Clauses | 44 |
3.1.3 | Copula Inversion (CI) | 44 |
3.2 | Weak Auxiliaries and Raised Participles | 46 |
3.3 | CI with Nonverbal Predicates and the Nature of [F] | 48 |
3.4 | CI in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective | 52 |
3.5 | Benoni-Raising: A Second Look | 54 |
3.6 | The "Bare" Benoni Present Tense | 55 |
3.7 | Summary and Conclusions | 56 |
4 | Negation in the Present Tense | 58 |
4.1 | Introduction | 58 |
4.2 | Properties of Peyn | 58 |
4.3 | Peyn as a Neg[superscript 0] | 60 |
4.4 | The Position of NegP in the Clausal Hierarchy | 61 |
4.4.1 | Peyn and AgrsP | 61 |
4.4.2 | Peyn and TP | 64 |
4.5 | Peyn and Verb Movement | 65 |
4.6 | The Scope of Verb Movement in Hebrew | 69 |
4.6.1 | Benoni Movement | 69 |
4.6.2 | Verb Movement in Hebrew: A Synoptic View | 71 |
4.7 | Subject Positions | 72 |
4.8 | Subjects under Peyn, their Traces, and the Complementizer-Trace Effect | 76 |
4.8.1 | Overt Wh-Movement Under Peyn | 76 |
4.8.2 | Wh in-situ Under Peyn | 78 |
4.8.3 | Quantifier-Raising Under Peyn | 78 |
4.8.4 | Focus-Movement Under Peyn | 80 |
4.9 | Conclusion | 80 |
5 | Some Remaining Issues | 82 |
5.1 | Introduction | 82 |
5.2 | Existential/Locative Predicates under Peyn | 82 |
5.3 | Copular Sentences and Benoni Verbs | 87 |
5.3.1 | Negation in Copular Sentences | 91 |
5.3.2 | Conclusion | 93 |
6 | Arabic Negation and Arabic Clause Structure | 94 |
6.1 | Introduction | 94 |
6.2 | laa Negation and Clausal Hierarchy | 94 |
6.2.1 | The Arabic Imperfect | 96 |
6.2.2 | laa and Its Tense Variants | 103 |
6.3 | Two Other Negative Structures | 105 |
6.3.1 | Participial Negation | 105 |
6.3.2 | Neutral Neg | 107 |
6.4 | A Typology of Negative Heads | 108 |
Part II | Null Subjects and Inversion | 109 |
7 | Null Subjects | 111 |
7.1 | Introduction | 111 |
7.2 | The Distribution of Null Subjects | 112 |
7.2.1 | Null Subjects and Pro | 112 |
7.2.2 | Personal and Impersonal Pronouns | 112 |
7.2.3 | The Theory of Pro | 114 |
7.2.4 | Referential Pro in Hebrew | 116 |
7.2.5 | The Internal Structure of Pronouns | 119 |
7.2.6 | Nonreferential Pro | 123 |
7.2.7 | The Internal Structure of Nonreferential Pronouns | 124 |
7.2.8 | Reconsideration of the Feature Identification Procedure | 125 |
7.2.9 | Summary | 127 |
7.3 | The Position of Null Subjects | 128 |
7.4 | Null Subjects in Peyn sentences | 129 |
7.4.1 | Expletives, Extraposition, and Sentential Subjects | 130 |
7.4.2 | Two Types of Pro[subscript arb] | 134 |
7.4.3 | Atmospheric Pro | 137 |
7.4.4 | Summary | 139 |
7.5 | Null Subjects in Agreeing Peyn Sentences | 140 |
8 | Subject-Verb Inversion | 144 |
8.1 | Introduction | 144 |
8.2 | Two Strategies of Inversion | 145 |
8.3 | Triggered Inversion (TI) | 146 |
8.3.1 | The Nature and the Position of the Trigger | 146 |
8.3.2 | Triggered Inversion as Movement of I to C | 148 |
8.3.3 | The Position of the Subject under TI | 155 |
8.4 | Free Inversion (FI) and VP-Subjects | 163 |
8.5 | Conclusion | 172 |
Part III | The Pronominal System | 175 |
9 | Semitic Clitics | 177 |
9.1 | Introduction | 177 |
9.2 | Properties of Semitic Clitics | 178 |
9.3 | The Incorporation Analysis | 181 |
9.3.1 | Is Subject Agreement a Clitic? | 183 |
9.3.2 | Clitics and Agreement in Berber | 185 |
9.4 | Semitic Clitics as Agr[superscript 0] Elements | 187 |
9.4.1 | Extensions and Consequences | 188 |
9.4.2 | On the Absence of Clitic Clusters | 192 |
9.4.3 | Predictions Concerning Clitic Doubling | 194 |
9.5 | Final Remarks | 203 |
10 | Pronouns | 204 |
10.1 | The Internal Structure and Distribution of "Unattached" Pronouns | 204 |
10.2 | Pronouns Weak and Strong | 209 |
10.2.1 | The Weak-Strong Distinction | 211 |
10.2.2 | Subject Pronouns | 214 |
10.3 | The Syntax of Hebrew Weak Pronouns Reconsidered | 217 |
10.3.1 | Weak Pronouns Can Appear Higher than AgrOP | 217 |
10.3.2 | Weak Pronouns Can Appear in Spec/AgrO | 218 |
10.3.3 | The Nature of Hebrew Weak Pronouns | 219 |
10.3.4 | Indirect Object Weak Pronouns and Pronoun Clustering | 222 |
10.4 | Conclusion | 226 |
Appendix | Nonpronominal Incorporation | 229 |
Notes | 235 | |
Bibliography | 268 | |
Index | 278 |
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