Communication and Radar Systems

by Nicolaos S Tzannes PhD

Overview

Communications and Radar Systems is the only book with a unique, unified approach for analyzing both Communication and Radar Systems at the pre-graduate level—a must for electrical engineering students or practicing engineers.

Chapters include: Introduction, Signal Analysis, Amplitude Modulation: Communication Systems, Amplitude Modulation: Radar Systems, Angle Modulation: Radar Systems, Analog Pulse Modulation: Communication Systems, Pulse Code Modulation: Communication Systems, Mixed Modulation: Radar Systems, Probability and Random Variables, Stochastic Processes, Noise in Communication Systems, Noise in Radar Systems, Electronic Warfare.

These chapter headings show the wide range of coverage of radar and communication systems. Written in a conversational style, Communication and Radar Systems is an easy-to-understand approach to radar and its relationship to communications systems.

Nicolaos S. Tzannes takes radar beyond its military uses into its many civilian applications, pointing out that the two fields have so much in common that the student with some prior background can absorb the material quickly and easily.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780595131808
Publisher:	iUniverse, Incorporated
Publication date:	10/20/2000
Pages:	436
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.97(d)

Table of Contents

	Preface	xiii
1	Introduction	1
1.1	Prolegomena	1
1.2	The General Communication System	3
1.3	The General Radar System	7
1.4	Comparison of the Two Systems	9
2	Signal Analysis	12
2.1	Introduction	12
2.2	Some Fundamental Notions about Signals	13
2.3	Generalized Functions	18
2.4	Signal Vector Spaces: Expansions	22
2.4.1	General Expansions: The Orthogonality Criterion	26
2.4.2	Expansions on an Orthonormal Set of Signals	28
2.5	Fourier Series: Discrete Spectra	30
2.6	The Fourier Transform: Spectra	39
2.7	Properties of the Fourier Transform	45
2.8	Fourier Transforms of Power Signals: Filters	50
2.9	Duration, Bandwidth, and the Uncertainty Relation	56
2.10	Correlation (Ambiguity) Functions	61
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	67
3	Amplitude Modulation: Communication Systems	71
3.1	Introduction	71
3.2	The Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier System	73
3.3	The Single-Sideband Suppressed Carrier System	79
3.4	The Double-Sideband Large Carrier System	85
3.5	Frequency Multiplexing and the Superheterodyne Receiver	90
3.6	Other Amplitude Modulation Systems: Comparisons	95
3.6.1	Compatible Single-Sideband System	96
3.6.2	SSB with Carrier	96
3.6.3	Carrier Reinsertion Systems	97
3.6.4	Vestigial Sideband Systems	98
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	101
4	Amplitude Modulation: Radar Systems	104
4.1	Introduction	104
4.2	Antenna Characteristics	105
4.3	A Word about Wave Propagation	109
4.3.1	Reflection	109
4.3.2	Refraction	110
4.3.3	Attenuation	111
4.4	The Radar Equation and Its Importance	111
4.5	The Pulse Radar System	114
4.6	The Continuous-Wave Radar System	124
4.7	The Pulse-Doppler Radar System	131
4.8	The Pulse Radar System with Moving Target Indication	135
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	137
5	Angle Modulation: Communication Systems	141
5.1	Introduction	141
5.2	Preliminary Notions of FM and PM	142
5.3	Narrowband FM and PM	148
5.4	Wideband FM	150
5.5	FM Modulating and Demodulating Devices	156
5.5.1	Modulation	157
5.5.2	Demodulation	158
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	159
6	Angle Modulation: Radar Systems	163
6.1	Introduction	163
6.2	Frequency-Modulated CW Radar	164
6.3	The Chirp Radar System	169
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	176
7	Analog Pulse Modulation: Communication Systems	178
7.1	Introduction	178
7.2	Sampling Theorems	179
7.3	Practical Sampling Methods	185
7.3.1	Natural Sampling	185
7.3.2	Flat-Top Sampling	187
7.4	Pulse Amplitude Modulation Communication Systems	188
7.5	Pulse Duration Modulation Systems	191
7.6	Pulse Position Modulation Systems	193
7.7	Time-Division Multiplexing: Comparisons with FDM	194
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	198
8	Pulse Code Modulation: Communication Systems	201
8.1	Introduction	201
8.2	Quantization	202
8.3	Coding	204
8.4	The PCM System	206
8.5	Variations on the PCM Theme	210
8.5.1	Delta Modulation	210
8.5.2	Differential PCM	213
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	214
9	Mixed Modulation: Communication Systems	217
9.1	Introduction	217
9.2	The Amplitude-Shift Keying System	218
9.3	The Phase-Shift Keying System	220
9.4	The Frequency-Shift Keying System	222
9.5	The Differential Phase-Shift Keying System	225
9.6	Multilevel Mixed Systems	227
9.7	Spread-Spectrum Systems	230
9.7.1	Direct-Sequence Systems	230
9.7.2	Frequency-Hopping Systems	234
9.7.3	The Code-Division Multiple-Access System	237
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	239
10	Mixed Modulation: Radar Systems	241
10.1	Introduction	241
10.2	Pulse Compression Radar (Code Modulation) or Radar Spread-Spectrum Systems	241
10.2.1	Phase-Coded PC Systems	242
10.2.2	Frequency-Coded PC Systems	244
10.3	Target-Tracking Radar Systems: General Remarks	245
10.4	Range-Tracking Radar	246
10.5	Angle Tracking: Conical-Scan Radar	248
10.6	Angle Tracking: Monopulse Radar	254
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	258
11	Probability and Random Variables	260
11.1	Introduction	260
11.2	Basic Probability Theory	261
11.2.1	Single Experiment	262
11.2.2	Two or More Experiments	266
11.2.3	Conditional Models: Independence	268
11.3	Single Random Variables	272
11.4	Multiple Random Variables: Conditional Models	279
11.5	Transformation of Random Variables	281
11.6	Expected Values or Averages	284
11.6.1	Single R.V.	284
11.6.2	Functions of a Single R.V.	288
11.6.3	Two or More R.V.'s	290
11.6.4	Functions of Two or More R.V.'s	293
11.6.5	Conclusion for Section 11.6	295
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	295
12	Stochastic Processes	299
12.1	Introduction	299
12.2	Stochastic Processes: Definitions and Complete Descriptions	299
12.3	Stochastic Processes: Partial Models	303
12.4	Wide-Sense Stationary Processes	306
12.5	Models of Two or More Processes	311
12.6	Ergodic Stationary Processes	313
12.7	Random Processes through Linear Systems	315
12.8	Some Typical Noise Models	319
12.8.1	White Noise	319
12.8.2	Low-Frequency Noise	321
12.8.3	Narrowband Noise	321
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	323
13	Noise in Communication Systems	327
13.1	Introduction	327
13.2	Method of Analysis: The Signal-to-Noise Ratio	328
13.3	The DSB System	329
13.4	The SSB System	331
13.5	The AM System	332
13.6	The FM System	334
13.7	The PCM System	337
13.8	Signal-to-Noise Ratio Comparisons	343
13.9	Mixed Systems: The Probability of Error Criterion	344
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	347
14	Noise in Radar Systems	349
14.1	Introduction	349
14.2	Detection in the Presence of Noise	350
14.3	The Radar Equation Again	353
14.4	Range Estimation of a Single Target	354
14.5	Velocity Estimation of a Single Target	359
14.6	Simultaneous Estimation of Range and Velocity for a Single Target	360
14.7	Target Resolution: Ambiguity Functions	362
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	368
15	Electronic Warfare	371
15.1	Introduction	371
15.2	Electronic Reconnaissance	373
15.2.1	Introduction	373
15.2.2	A General ER System	375
15.2.3	Receivers	377
15.2.4	Estimation of Direction and Location	378
15.3	ECM and ECCM for Communication Systems	381
15.4	ECM and ECCM for Radar Systems	384
15.4.1	Introduction	384
15.4.2	Noise Jamming	384
15.4.3	Deception Jamming	388
15.4.4	ECCM in Radar Systems	392
	Problems, Questions, and Extensions	392
Appendix A	Frequency Allocations	394
Appendix B	Gaussian P.D.F. Table	395
	Bibliography	396
	Index	403