Communication Systems / Edition 5

by Simon Haykin, Michael Moher

Overview

This best-selling communication systems text continues to include the most comprehensive and rigorous coverage of digital communications in an undergraduate level text in this Fifth Edition.  In addition to being the most up-to-date communications text available, Simon Haykin has reintroduced features and coverage that have made this text a best-seller. Haykin now features equal and thorough coverage of both analog and digital material.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780471697909
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	03/16/2009
Edition description:	5th ed.
Pages:	448
Product dimensions:	8.20(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Simon Haykin is a University Professor at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. His research interests include nonlinear dynamics, neural networks and adaptive filters and their applications in radar and communications systems. Dr. Haykin is the editor for a series of books on "Adaptive and Learning Systems for Signal Processing, Communications and Control" published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. He is both an IEEE Fellow and Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Representation of Signals and Systems

3. Amplitude Modulation

4. Angle Modulation

5. Probability Theory and Random Processes

6. Noise in CW Modulation

7. The Transition from Analog to Digital

8. Baseband Digital Transmission

9. Digital Band-Pass Transmission Techniques

10. Information Theory and Coding

Appendix: Mathematical Tables

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

Preface

Electrical engineering education has undergone some radical changes during the past couple of decades and continues to do so. A modern undergraduate program in electrical engineering includes the following two introductory courses:

• Signals and Systems, which provides a balanced and integrated treatment of continuous-time and discrete-time forms of signals and systems. The Fourier transform (in its different forms), Laplace transform, and z-transform are treated in detail. Typically, the course also includes au elementary treatment of communication systems.

• Probability and Random Processes, which develops an intuitive grasp of discrete and continuous random variables and then introduces the notion of a random process and its characteristics.

Typically, these two introductory courses lead to a senior-level course on communication systems.

The fourth edition of this book has been written with this background and primary objective in mind. Simply put, the book provides a modern treatment of communication systems at a level suitable for a oneor two-semester senior undergraduate course. The emphasis is on the statistical underpinnings of communication theory with applications.

The material is presented in a logical manner, and it is illustrated with examples, with the overall aim being that of helping the student develop an intuitive grasp of the theory under discussion. Except for the Background and Preview chapter, each chapter ends with numerous problems designed not only to help the students test their understanding of the material covered in the chapter but also to challenge them to extend this material. Every chapter includes notes and references that provide suggestions for further reading. Sections or subsections that can be bypassed without loss of continuity are identified with a footnote.

A distinctive feature of the book is the inclusion of eight computer experiments using MATLAB. This set of experiments provides the basis of a "Software Laboratory", with each experiment being designed to extend the material covered in the pertinent chapter. Most important, the experiments exploit the unique capabilities of MATLAB in an instructive manner. The MATLAB codes for all these experiments are available on the Wiley Web site: http://www.wiley.com/college/haykin/.

The Background and Preview chapter presents introductory and motivational material, paving the way for detailed treatment of the many facets of communication systems in the subsequent 10 chapters. The material in these chapters is organized as follows:

Chapter 1 develops a detailed treatment of random, or stocbastic, processes, with particular emphasis on their partial characterization (i.e., second-order statistics). In effect, the discussion is restricted to wide-sense stationary processes. The correlation properties and power spectra of random processes are described in detail. Gaussian processes and narrowband noise feature prominently in the study of communication systems, hence their treatment in the latter part of the chapter. This treatment naturally leads to the consideration of the Rayleigh and Rician distributions that arise in a communications environment.

Chapter 2 presents an integrated treatment of continuous-wave (CW) modulation (i.e., analog communications) and their different types, as outlined here:

(i) Amplitude modulation, which itself can assume one of the following forms (depending on how the spectral characteristics of the modulated wave are specified):

• Full amplitude modulation
• Double sideband-suppressed carrier modulation
• Quadrature amplitude modulation
• Single sideband modulation
• Vestigial sideband modulation

(ii) Angle modulation, which itself can assume one of two interrelated forms:

• Phase modulation
• Frequency modulation

The time-domain and spectral characteristics of these modulated waves, methods for their generation and detection, and the effects of channel noise on their performances are discussed.

Chapter 3 covers pulse modulation and discusses the processes of sampling, quantization, and coding that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals. This chapter may be viewed as the transition from analog to digital communications. Specifically, the following types of pulse modulation are discussed:

(i) Analog pulse modulation, where only time is represented in discrete form; it embodies the following special forms:

• Pulse amplitude modulation
• Pulse width (duration) modulation
• Pule position modulation

The characteristics of pulse amplitude modulation are discussed in detail, as it is basic to all forms of pulse modulation, be they of the analog or digital type.

(ii) Digital pulse modulation, in which both time and signal amplitude are represented in discrete form; it embodies the following special forms:

• Pulse-code modulation
• Delta modulation
• Differential pulse-code modulation

In delta modulation, the sampling rate is increased far in excess of that used in pulsecode modulation so as to simplify implementation of the system. In contrast, in differential pulse-code modulation, the sampling rate is reduced through the use of a predictor that exploits the correlation properties of the information-bearing signal. (iii) MPEG/audio coding standard, which includes a psychoacoustic model as a key element in the design of the encoder.

Chapter 4 covers baseband pulse transmission, which deals with the transmission of pulse-amplitude modulated signals in their baseband form. Two important issues are discussed: the effects of channel noise and limited channel bandwidth on the performance of a digital communication system. Assuming that the channel noise is additive and white, this effect is minimized by using a matched filter, which is basic to the design of communication receivers. As for limited channel bandwidth, it manifests itself in the form of a phenomenon known as intersymbol interference. To combat the degrading effects of this signal-dependent interference, we may use either a pulseshaping filter or correlative encoder/decoder; both of these approaches are discussed. The chapter includes a discussion of digital subscriber lines for direct communication between a subscriber and an Internet service provider. This is followed by a derivation of the optimum linear receiver for combatting the combined effects of channel noise and intersymbol interference, which, in turn, leads to an introductory treatment of adaptive equalization.

Chapter 5 discusses signal-space analysis for an additive white Gaussian noise channel. In particular, the foundations for the geometric representation of signals with finite energy are established. The correlation receiver is derived, and its equivalence with the matched filter receiver is demonstrated. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the probability of error and its approximate calculation.

Chapter 6 discusses passband data transmission, where a sinusoidal carrier wave is employed to facilitate the transmission of the digitally modulated wave over a bandpass channel. This chapter builds on the geometric interpretation of signals presented in Chapter 5. In particular, the effect of channel noise on the performance of digital communication systems is evaluated, using the following modulation techniques:

(i) Phase-shift keying, which is the digital counterpart to phase modulation with the phase of the carrier wave taking on one of a prescribed set of discrete values.

(ii) Hybrid amplitude/phase modulation schemes including quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM), and carrierless amplitude/phase modulation (CAP).

(iii) Frequency-shift keying, which is the digital counterpart of frequency modulation with the frequency of the carrier wave taking on one of a prescribed set of discrete values.

(iv) Generic multichannel modulation, followed by discrete multitone, the use of which has been standardized in asymmetric digital subscriber lines.

In a digital communication system, timing is everything, which means that the receiver must be synchronized to the transmitter. In this context, we speak of the receiver being coherent or noncoherent. In a coherent receiver, provisions are made for the recovery of both the carrier phase and symbol timing. In a noncoherent receiver the carrier phase is ignored and provision is only made for symbol timing. Such a strategy is dictated by the fact that the carrier phase may be random, making phase recovery a costly proposition. Synchronization techniques are discussed in the latter part of the chapter, with particular emphasis on discrete-time signal processing.

Chapter 7 introduces spread-spectrum modulation. Unlike traditional forms of modulation discussed in earlier chapters, channel bandwidth is purposely sacrificed in spread-spectrum modulation for the sake of security or protection against interfering signals. The direct-sequence and frequency-hop forms of spread-spectrum modulation are discussed.

Chapter 8 deals with multiuser radio communications, where a multitude of users have access to a common radio channel. This type of communication channel is well represented in satellite and wireless communication systems, both of which are discussed. The chapter includes a presentation of link budget analysis, emphasizing the related antenna and propagation concepts, and noise calculations.

Chapter 9 develops the fundamental limits in information theory, which are embodied in Shannon's theorems for data compaction, data compression, and data transmission. These theorems provide upper bounds on the performance of information sources and communication channels. Two concepts, basic to formulation of the theorems, are (1) the entropy of a source (whose definition is analogous to that of entropy in thermodynamics), and (2) channel capacity.

Chapter 10 deals with error-control coding, which encompasses techniques for the encoding and decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels. Four types of error-control coding are discussed:

(i) Linear block codes, which are completely described by sets of linearly independent code words, each of which consists of message bits and parity-check bits. The parity-check bits are included for the purpose of error control.

(ii) Cyclic codes, which form a subclass of linear block codes.

(iii) Convolutional codes, which involve operating on the message sequence continuously in a serial manner.

(iv) Turbo codes, which provide a novel method of constructing good codes that approach Shannon's channel capacity in a physically realizable manner. Methods for the generation of these codes and their decoding are discussed.

The book also includes supplementary material in the form of six appendices as follows:

Appendix 1 reviews probability theory.

Appendix 2, on the representation of signals and systems, reviews the Fourier transform and its properties, the various definitions of bandwidth, the Hilbert transform, and the low-pass equivalents of narrowband signals and systems.

Appendix 3 presents an introductory treatment of the Bessel function and its modified form. Bessel functions arise in the study of frequency modulation, noncoherent detection of signals in noise, and symbol timing synchronization.

Appendix 4 introduces the confluent hypergeometric function, the need for which arises in the envelope detection of amplitude-modulated signals in noise.

Appendix 5 provides an introduction to cryptography, which is basic to secure communications.

Appendix 6 includes 12 useful tables of various kinds.

As mentioned previously, the primary purpose of this book is to provide a modern treatment of communication systems suitable for use in a one- or two-semester undergraduate course at the senior level. The make-up of the material for the course is naturally determined by the background of the students and the interests of the teachers involved. The material covered in the book is both broad and deep enough to satisfy a variety of backgrounds and interests, thereby providing considerable flexibility in the choice of course material. As an aid to the teacher of the course, a detailed solutions manual for all the problems in the book is available from the publisher.

Editorial Reviews

A textbook for a one-year or one-semester undergraduate course in communication theory. The first part is devoted to introductory material and analog communications, the second part to digital communications, and the final part to advanced topics. The material is illustrated with examples and computer-oriented experiments. Except for the first and last chapters, each chapter ends with numerous problems. Assumes a knowledge of electronics, circuit theory, and probability theory. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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