Table of Contents
Abstracts xiii
Foreword Thomas H. Murray xxix
Contested Cells: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate - A Critical Introduction Benjamin Capps Alastair V. Campbell 1
Introduction: The Source of Controversy 1
Part 1 Contested Cells: Understanding the Ethical Controversy 4
Part 2 Global Perspectives 29
Closing Remarks 52
Part 1 Contested Cells: Understanding the Ethical Controversy 55
a The Problems of Regulation 55
1 A Case Study of Experimental Stem Cell Therapy and the Risks of Over-Regulation Anthony Hollander 57
2 Stem Cell Technology: From Research Regulation to Clinical Applications Donald Chalmers 63
Introduction 63
The Derivation of Stem Cells and the Current Science 65
Regulation of Stem Cell Research 72
Towards the Clinical Use of Stem Cell Technology 82
Conclusions 92
Acknowledgements 93
3 Legal Imperialism in the Regulation of Stem Cell Research and Therapy: The Problem of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Daniela Cutas Christian Munthe 95
Introduction 95
The Vision of Global Regulation of ES Cell Research 98
Research and Researchers 101
Clinicians 106
Patients 109
Concluding Discussion 116
Postscript 119
4 Governing Cloning: United Nations' Debates and the Institutional Context of Standards W. Calvin Ho 121
Cloning and the United Nations 124
Stem Cells, Cloning and the Bioethics Committee of Singapore 132
Domestic and Institutional Responses in the UK 135
Some Observations 146
Conclusion 152
b The Enduring Ethical Debate 155
5 Sociological Reflections on Ethics, Embryonic Stem Cells and Translational Research Claire Williams Steven Wainwright 157
Sociology and Bioethics 157
Empirical Ethics: Embryonic Stem Cells and Translational Research 159
Translational Research, Hybrid Embryos and Experimental Neuroscience 172
Towards Multidisciplinary Translational Ethics" 184
Acknowledgements 188
6 Rhetoric, Power and Legitimacy in Public Discourse: A Critical Analysis of the Public Debate Surrounding the Review of Embryo Research and Cloning Legislation in Australia in 2005 Tamra Lysaght Ian Kerridge 189
Introduction 189
Contested Notions of Science 193
Rhetoric, Power and Legitimacy 195
Conclusion 201
7 New Developments in Stem Cell Science: iPS Cells and the Challenge to Consent Jonathan Mackenney Benjamin Capps 207
Introduction 207
The Perpetuation of a Great Mistake: Immortals in Research 210
Reappraising Consent: Where's the Harm in iPS Cell Science" 221
Conclusion 239
Acknowledgements 240
8 'Reasonable Suffering': The Application of Stem Cell Technologies to Non-Human Animals James Yeates 241
Introduction 241
The Contexts 243
The Legal Status Quo 248
Unfairness 256
A Proposed Solution: Rawls and Fairness 258
Application to SCTs in the Veterinary Context 271
Application to Applied Stem Cell Research in Laboratory Context 275
9 Ontological Status of Human-Non-Human Embryonic Chimeras Josef Kure 279
Introduction: From the Mythological Chimera, to the Chimera in Biomedical Research 279
Chimerism and Semantics: Problems With Terminology and Definitions 293
Human-Non-Human Embryonic Chimeras: Demarcation of the Semantic Scope 303
Chimera Ontological Status 317
Conclusions 318
10 Religion, Civic Virtue and the Stem Cell Debate Teoh Chin Leong 321
Introduction 321
Setting the Context: Substantive and Procedural Ethics 322
The Cultivation of an Ethic of Citizenship 324
Three Principles of Civic Virtue 325
An Institutional Ethics of Citizenship 333
Five Objections 334
Procedural Virtues in Public Ethical Discourse 339
Religion and the Cultivation of Exploratory Openness 341
Civic Virtue and the Stem Cell Debate 344
Conclusion 356
Acknowledgements 356
Part 2 Global Perspectives 357
11 Rejuvenated Federalism: State-Based Stem Cell Research Policy Geoffrey Lomax 359
Introduction 359
Sovereign Action and Social Controversy 361
Social Controversy and Administrative Legitimacy 362
Procedural Frameworks and Legitimacy 363
Developing Normative Ethical Standards for Research 364
State-State Interactions in Policy Development 366
Stem Cell Science and Federalism 368
Critiques of a State-Based Approach 371
Plurality and Levels of Engagement 371
The Emergence of Federal Stem Cell Policy 373
The Pathway Towards Clinical Application 374
Conclusion 375
12 Hybrid Embryos - Ethics, Law and Rhetoric in the United Kingdom's Stem Cell Policy Natasha Hammond-Browning Søren Holm 377
Hybrids and the HFEA 379
Debate 382
Derivation of Stem Cells from Hybrid Embryos 387
The Future of Hybrids in Clinical Medicine 391
Conclusion 393
13 Stem Cell Research and Its Clinical Application in China: Interactions Between Science, Ethics and Society Renzong Qiu Xiaomei Zhai 395
Introduction 395
Stem Cell Research in China's Social Environment 396
Stem Cell Research and Chinese Culture 398
Awareness of Patients' and Human Subjects' Rights 404
Regulatory Gaps and Challenges 409
Clinical Application of Stem Cell Products: The Concerns of Under Regulation 416
Conclusion: Hope for Future Regulation 418
List of Chinese Laws and Regulations 419
14 Neither a 'Person' Nor a 'Thing': The Controversy Concerning the Moral and Legal Status of Human Embryos in Japan Satoshi Kodama Akira Akabayashi 421
Introduction: Neither a 'Person' Nor a 'Thing' 421
The Bioethics Committee of the Council for Science and Technology 422
Committee Discussions Regarding the Regulation of Human Cloning 425
Human Embryo Research 430
Life Sciences and Bioethics: Checks or Balances" 434
Conclusion 437
Acknowledgements 439
15 A Tale of Two Countries: Czech and Slovak Stem Cell Biopolicies Peter Sýkora 441
Introduction 441
Historical and Cultural Context 443
Legislation 444
Searching for Reasons 457
Conclusion 475
Acknowledgements 477
Index 479
