Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Anthropology 1
1.1 An Anthropological Perspective 2
1.2 The Subfields of Anthropology 3
1.3 Is Anthropology a Science? Modernism, Postmodernism, and Beyond 10
1.4 Reflexive Anthropology 11
Chapter 2 Culture 15
2.1 Culture Against Racism: The Early Twentieth Century 16
2.2 The Evolution of Culture 19
2.3 Culture and Symbolism 21
2.4 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism 23
2.5 The Boundaries of Culture? 25
2.6 The Concept of Culture in a Global World: Problems and Practices 27
2.7 Culture: Contemporary Discussion and Debate 30
2.8 Culture: A Contemporary Consensus 32
Chapter 3 Language 33
3.1 Studying Language: A Historical Sketch 34
3.2 The Building Blocks of Language 37
3.3 Language and Culture 39
3.4 Language and Society 41
3.5 Discourse 44
3.6 Language Contact and Change 47
Chapter 4 Culture and the Individual 51
4.1 From Individualism to Agency 52
4.2 Culture and Personality 54
4.3 Enculturation 56
4.4 The Self 59
4.5 Cognition and Cognitive Anthropology 61
4.6 Cognitive Styles 63
4.7 Emotion 64
Chapter 5 Expressive Culture: Religion, Worldview, and Art 67
5.1 Religion 68
5.2 Myth 71
5.3 Ritual 72
5.4 Magic and Witchcraft 75
5.5 Religious Practitioners 80
5.6 Change in Religious Systems 81
5.7 Art 83
5.8 The Anthropology of Media 86
Chapter 6 The Dimensions of Social Organization 89
6.1 What Is Social Organization? 90
6.2 Dimensions of Social Organization 92
6.3 Caste and Class 96
6.4 Race 100
6.5 Ethnicity 101
6.6 Gender 103
6.7 Sexuality 106
Chapter 7 Political Anthropology 109
7.1 Power 110
7.2 Political Ecology and Political Economy112
7.3 Disputes and Dispute Resolution 114
7.4 Forms of Political Organization 116
7.5 Social Stratification 119
7.6 Forms of Political Activity 120
7.7 Social Control and Law 123
7.8 Nationalism and Hegemony 125
Chapter 8 Economic Anthropology 131
8.1 The "Arts of Subsistence" 132
8.2 Subsistence Strategies 133
8.3 Explaining the Material Life Processes of Society 136
8.4 Modes of Exchange 139
8.5 Production, Distribution, and Consumption 141
8.6 Mode of Production 143
8.7 Peasants 144
8.8 Consumption 148
Chapter 9 Relatedness: Kinship and Descent 153
9.1 Kinship Versus Biology 154
9.2 Descent 156
9.3 Bilateral Descent 157
9.4 Unilineal Descent 159
9.5 Kinship Terminologies 163
Chapter 10 Marriage and Family 167
10.1 What Is Marriage? 168
10.2 Whom to Marry and Where to Live 169
10.3 How Many Spouses? 171
10.4 Marriage as Alliance 173
10.5 Family 175
Chapter 11 Globalization and the Culture of Capitalism 179
11.1 The Cultural Legacy of Colonialism 180
11.2 Analyzing Sociocultural Change in the Postcolonial World 183
11.3 Globalization 189
11.4 The Cultural Effects of Contact 192
11.5 Globalization, Citizenship, and Human Rights 195
Chapter 12 Theory in Cultural Anthropology 201
12.1 Anthropology as Science 202
12.2 Nineteenth-Century Approaches 203
12.3 Early-Twentieth-Century Approaches 205
12.4 Mid-Twentieth-Century Approaches 209
12.5 Late-Twentieth-Century Debates 218
12.6 New Directions in the Twenty-First Century 222
Appendix Reading Ethnography 227
The Parts of an Ethnography 227
The Use of Indigenous and Local Terms 231
The Photographs 232
Why Are You Reading This Ethnography (and How Should You Read It)? 234
Bibliography 239
Index 250
