Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Religion of Biologic Living

by Brian C. Wilson

Overview

Purveyors of spiritualized medicine have been legion in American religious history, but few have achieved the superstar status of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his Battle Creek Sanitarium. In its heyday, the "San" was a combination spa and Mayo Clinic. Founded in 1866 under the auspices of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and presided over by the charismatic Dr. Kellogg, it catered to many well-heeled health seekers including Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Presidents Taft and Harding. It also supported a hospital, research facilities, a medical school, a nursing school, several health food companies, and a publishing house dedicated to producing materials on health and wellness. Rather than focusing on Kellogg as the eccentric creator of corn flakes or a megalomaniacal quack, Brian C. Wilson takes his role as a physician and a theological innovator seriously and places his religion of "Biologic Living" in an on-going tradition of sacred health and wellness. With the fascinating and unlikely story of the "San" as a backdrop, Wilson traces the development of this theology of physiology from its roots in antebellum health reform and Seventh-day Adventism to its ultimate accommodation of genetics and eugenics in the Progressive Era.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780253014474
Publisher:	Indiana University Press
Publication date:	09/18/2014
Series:	Religion in North America Series
Pages:	265
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.10(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Brian C. Wilson is Professor in the Department of Comparative Religion at Western Michigan University. His publications include Yankees in Michigan and What Is Religion?

Table of Contents

Introduction
1. Battle Creek Beginnings
2. The Rise of the Temple of Health
3. The Theology of Biologic Living
4. The Living Temple
5. Dr. Kellogg's Break with the Seventh-day Adventist Church
6. Dr. Kellogg and Race Betterment
Conclusion: The Fall of the Temple of Health
Notes
Bibliography
Index

What People are Saying About This

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America - James C. Whorton

This is a thoroughly researched and engagingly written biography of one of the most influential and intriguing figures in the history of American health culture. More, it provides a fascinating exploration of the melding of biological science with religion to create a worldview in which physical well-being is mandatory for morality, with health equated to holiness and sickness interpreted as sin. It is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the evolution of health beliefs and practices in the United States.

Prophetess of Health: A Study of Ellen G. White - Ronald L. Numbers

Accounts of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, inventor of flaked cereals and peanut butter and advocate of sexual abstinence and frequent bowel movements, vary from mockery to adulation.  By focusing instead on Kellogg's changing religious views, from Seventh-day Adventism to eugenicism, Brian C. Wilson has written the most balanced biography yet:  vivid, perceptive, and meticulously researched.

Editorial Reviews

"While he may look like a certain Kentucky Fried Colonel, Kellogg was an early advocate of a vegan diet and the intriguing figure behind the famous Battle Creek Sanitarium that paved the way for many contemporary ideas of holistic health and wellness. . . .Wilson's lively and accessible writing introduces readers to spiritualism, millennialism, the temperance and social purity movements, Swedenborgians, and Mormons. . . . [A] thought-provoking portrait of a charismatic, intelligent medical doctor who never stopped absorbing new information and honing his theories, even when he was faced with disfellowship from his church and ostracism by friends and colleagues."—ForeWord Reviews

"A well-researched biography that seeks to restore the reputation of the doctor satirized in T. C. Boyle's novel The Road to Wellville and in the film of the same name. Wilson has done much more than provide a sympathetic biography of the man who headed the once-famous Battle Creek Sanitarium . . .There's much here to interest both adherents to and skeptics of today's alternative and holistic medicines, as well as fans of American history, especially the history of religions."—Kirkus Reviews

"Wilson's fresh reading of John Harvey Kellogg illuminates religious and scientific developments that influenced major industries. The book is a welcome addition to literature that connects business and religion."—Business History Review

"Wilson does an admirable job of portraying how the doctor's beliefs shifted and adapted over time. . . . Readers with a keen interest in religious history, particularly as it relates to health care, will enjoy this biography the most."—Library Journal

"Wilson's study succeeds admirably in weaving together Kellogg's biographical details with larger currents in American religious thought. . . . As a work of religious history, this study restores Michigan to its rightful place as a hub of American Protestantism and rescues the Kellogg name from its too -narrow association with commercialism."—Michigan Historical Review

"[This] is a well-written, even entertaining story of a classic American religious and medical entrepreneur, whose life illumines many of the tensions and contradictions of the American ethos of rugged individualism, radical reform, professionalism, pragmatism, concern for both physical and spiritual empowerment, moralism, and volunteerism. This work is highly recommended for courses in new religions, North American religious history, and religion and science/health."—Religion

"This book is far from a dry intellectual history. Through extensive use of archival sources, Wilson embeds Kellogg's energetic thought in institutional and cultural history, demonstrating that theological ideas never form in a vacuum, but rather are the result of myriad internal and external forces working on a person. In short, Wilson gets to the heart of what made Kellogg a complex and memorable figure."—Nova Religio

"This is a thoroughly researched and engagingly written biography of one of the most influential and intriguing figures in the history of American health culture. More, it provides a fascinating exploration of the melding of biological science with religion to create a worldview in which physical well-being is mandatory for morality, with health equated to holiness and sickness interpreted as sin. It is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the evolution of health beliefs and practices in the United States."—James C. Whorton, Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

"Accounts of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, inventor of flaked cereals and peanut butter and advocate of sexual abstinence and frequent bowel movements, vary from mockery to adulation.  By focusing instead on Kellogg's changing religious views, from Seventh-day Adventism to eugenicism, Brian C. Wilson has written the most balanced biography yet:  vivid, perceptive, and meticulously researched."—Ronald L. Numbers, Prophetess of Health: A Study of Ellen G. White

From the Publisher

While he may look like a certain Kentucky Fried Colonel, Kellogg was an early advocate of a vegan diet and the intriguing figure behind the famous Battle Creek Sanitarium that paved the way for many contemporary ideas of holistic health and wellness. . . .Wilson's lively and accessible writing introduces readers to spiritualism, millennialism, the temperance and social purity movements, Swedenborgians, and Mormons. . . . [A] thought-provoking portrait of a charismatic, intelligent medical doctor who never stopped absorbing new information and honing his theories, even when he was faced with disfellowship from his church and ostracism by friends and colleagues.

ForeWord Reviews

This book is far from a dry intellectual history. Through extensive use of archival sources, Wilson embeds Kellogg's energetic thought in institutional and cultural history, demonstrating that theological ideas never form in a vacuum, but rather are the result of myriad internal and external forces working on a person. In short, Wilson gets to the heart of what made Kellogg a complex and memorable figure.

Nova Religio

Wilson's fresh reading of John Harvey Kellogg illuminates religious and scientific developments that influenced major industries. The book is a welcome addition to literature that connects business and religion.

Business History Review

[This] is a well-written, even entertaining story of a classic American religious and medical entrepreneur, whose life illumines many of the tensions and contradictions of the American ethos of rugged individualism, radical reform, professionalism, pragmatism, concern for both physical and spiritual empowerment, moralism, and volunteerism. This work is highly recommended for courses in new religions, North American religious history, and religion and science/health.

Religion

Wilson's study succeeds admirably in weaving together Kellogg's biographical details with larger currents in American religious thought. . . . As a work of religious history, this study restores Michigan to its rightful place as a hub of American Protestantism and rescues the Kellogg name from its too -narrow association with commercialism.

Michigan Historical Review

"This is a thoroughly researched and engagingly written biography of one of the most influential and intriguing figures in the history of American health culture. More, it provides a fascinating exploration of the melding of biological science with religion to create a worldview in which physical well-being is mandatory for morality, with health equated to holiness and sickness interpreted as sin. It is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the evolution of health beliefs and practices in the United States." —James C. Whorton, Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

James C. Whorton

"Accounts of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, inventor of flaked cereals and peanut butter and advocate of sexual abstinence and frequent bowel movements, vary from mockery to adulation.By focusing instead on Kellogg’s changing religious views, from Seventh-day Adventism to eugenicism, Brian C. Wilson has written the most balanced biography yet:vivid, perceptive, and meticulously researched." —Ronald L. Numbers, Prophetess of Health:A Study of Ellen G. White

Ronald L. Numbers

2014-06-17
A well-researched biography that seeks to restore the reputation of the doctor satirized in T.C. Boyle’s novelThe Road to Wellville(1993) and in the film of the same name.Wilson (Comparative Religion/Western Michigan Univ.;Yankees in Michigan, 2008, etc.) has done much more than provide a sympathetic biography of the man who headed the once-famous Battle Creek Sanitarium, the name John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) gave to the Seventh-Day Adventist’s Western Health Reform Institute when he became its director in 1876. While the author fully explores the doctor’s role there, more important is his examination of the conflicts among various schools of religious, philosophical and scientific thought in the United States at the time. Kellogg struggled to reconcile the science he had learned as a doctor with the teachings of his church; ultimately, his deviation from church doctrines led to his expulsion. Believing that the purity of the body was as important for salvation as the purity of the soul, he developed the concept of biologic living, the rules for which he spelled out in detail in various books and promoted at the sanitarium. The first rule: “Obedience to the laws of life and health is a moral obligation.” Among his many precepts was the forgoing of meat. He taught that since the abandonment of vegetarianism in Eden, the human race has been sliding into decline, manifested by the short life span of modern men. In time, Kellogg became increasingly concerned over what he saw as the threat of race degeneration, devoting the last 30 years of his life to eugenics, the so-called science of improving the human race by controlling heredity. Wilson demonstrates convincingly where Kellogg’s ideas about health reform originated and how they evolved.There’s much here to interest both adherents to and skeptics of today’s alternative and holistic medicines, as well as fans of American history, especially the history of religions.

Kirkus Reviews