Encyclopedia of Reproduction

by Michael K. Skinner (Editor)

Overview

The Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Third Edition, Six Volume Set comprehensively reviews biology and abnormalities, also covering the most common diseases in humans, such as prostate and breast cancer, as well as normal developmental biology, including embryogenesis, gestation, birth and puberty. Each of the 575 chapters provides a comprehensive overview by leaders in their respective fields that is ideal for advanced undergraduate students, research professionals, and clinicians. Chapters explore the latest advances in cloning, stem cells, endocrinology, clinical reproductive medicine, and genomics.

As reproductive health is a fundamental component of an individual’s overall health status and a central determinant of quality of life, this 6-volume set provides the most extensive and authoritative reference within the field.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780443214776
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	11/20/2025
Edition description:	3rd ed.
Pages:	3870
Product dimensions:	8.50(w) x 10.88(h) x (d)

About the Author

Dr. Michael Skinner is the Eastlick Distinguished Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Washington State University. He did his B.S. in Chemistry at Reed College in Portland Oregon, his Ph.D, in Biochemistry at Washington State University and his Postdoctoral Fellowship at the C.H. Best Institute at the University of Toronto. Recently he did a sabbatical in bioinformatics at Rosetta/Merck. He has been on the faculty of the Pharmacology Department at Vanderbilt University and the Reproductive Sciences and Physiology at the University of California at San Francisco. Dr. Skinner’s research is focused on the area of reproductive biology and environmental epigenetics. Past studies have elucidated several critical events in the initiation of male sex differentiation, testis development and ovarian primordial follicle development. His current research has demonstrated the ability of environmental toxicants, such as endocrine disruptors, to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease phenotypes, due to abnormal germ line epigenetic programming during gonadal development. This non-genetic form of inheritance has a role in disease etiology and areas such as evolution. Dr. Skinner has over 300 peer reviewed publications and has given over 300 invited symposia, plenary lectures and university seminars. His research has been highlighted in BBC, Smithsonian and PBS documentaries and selected as top 100 discoveries in 2005 and 2007 by Discover. In 2013 he was awarded the Smithsonian “American Ingenuity Award” in natural sciences. He did a TEDx Rainier Seattle talk in 2014 on the Ghost in Your Genome. Dr. Skinner established and was the founding Director of the Washington State University and University of Idaho Center for Reproductive Biology (CRB) since its inception in 1996. The CRB developed to have over 100 faculty and is one of the largest reproductive sciences research Centers in the world. Dr. Skinner also established and was the founding Director of the Center for Integrated Biotechnology (CIB). The CIB was established in 2002 and had over 170 active research faculty members. In 2008 he stepped down as Director of the Centers to focus his efforts on his research. In addition, Dr Skinner has been actively involved with the start-up of several biotechnology companies. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Oxford journal Environmental Epigenetics and Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Reproduction Third Edition, to be published by Elsevier in 2025. Edit

Table of Contents

VOLUME 1 - A-En:
Abortion.
Acanthocephala.
Acrosome Reaction.
Activin and Activin Receptors.
Adrenal Androgens.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital Virilizing.
Adrenarche.
Aedes aegypti.
Aggressive Behavior.
Agnatha.
Allantochorion (Chorioallantois).
Allantoic Fluid.
Allantois.
Allatostatins.
Altitude, Effects on Humans.
Altricial and Precocial Development in Birds.
Altruism in Insect Reproduction.
Altruistic Behavior, Vertebrates.
Amenorrhea.
Amniocentesis.
Amniotic Fluid.
Amphibian Ovarian Cycles.
Amphibian Reproduction, Overview.
Androgen Inhibitors/Antiandrogens.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes.
Androgens.
Androgens, Effects in Birds.
Androgens, Effects in Mammals.
Androgens, Subavian Species.
Andrology: Origins and Scope.
Annelida.
Anterior Pituitary.
Antiestrogens.
Antiprogestins.
Apgar Score.
Aphids.
Aplysia.
Apoptosis (Cell Death).
Armadillo.
Aromatization.
Artificial Insemination, in Animals.
Artificial Insemination, in Humans.
Asexual Reproduction.
Autonomic Nervous System and Reproduction.
Avian Reproduction, Overview.
Avian Reproductive System, Developmental Endocrinology.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
Birds, Diversity of.
Blastocyst.
Blood-Testis Barrier.
Brachiopoda.
Breast Cancer.
Breast Disorders.
Breastfeeding.
Breeding Strategies for Domestic Animals.
Brood Parasitism in Birds.
Bruce Effect.
Bryozoa (Ectoprocta).
Caenorhabditis elegans.
Captive Breeding of Wildlife.
Cardiovascular Adaptation to Pregnancy.
Castration, Effects in Humans (Male).
Castration, Effects in Nonhuman Mammals (Female).
Castration, Effects in Nonhuman Mammals (Male).
Cats.
Cattle.
CBG (Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin).
Cephalochordata.
Cervical Cancer.
Cervix.
Cesarean Delivery.
Chaetognatha.
Chelicerate Arthropods.
Chickens, Control of Reproduction in.
Choriocarcinoma.
Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human.
Chorionic Gonadotropins, Nonhuman Mammals.
Circadian Rhythms.
Circannual Rhythms.
Circumcision.
Clitoris.
Cloning Mammals by Nuclear Transfer.
Cnidaria.
Conjugation in Ciliates.
Contraceptive Methods and Devices, Female.
Contraceptive Methods and Devices, Male.
Copulation, Mammals.
Corpora Lutea of Nonmammalian Species.
Corpus Allatum.
Corpus Cardiacum, Insects.
Corpus Luteum (CL).
Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy.
Corpus Luteum Peptides.
Cotyledonary Placenta.
Cricetidae (Hamsters and Lemmings).
Critical Period, Estrous Cycle.
Crustacea.
Cryopreservation of Embryos.
Cryopreservation of Sperm.
Cryptorchidism.
Ctenophora.
Cycliophora.
Cytokines.
Decidua.
Deciduoma.
Deer.
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone).
Diapause.
Dihydrotestosterone.
Diploptera punctata.
Discoidal Placenta.
Dogs.
Dorsal Bodies in Mollusca.
Drosophila.
Ecdysiotropins and Ecdysiostatins.
Ecdysteroids.
Echinodermata.
Ectopic Pregnancy.
Egg, Avian.
Egg Coverings, Insects.
Eicosanoids.
Ejaculation.
Elasmobranch Reproduction.
Elephants.
Embryogenesis, Mammalian.
Embryo Transfer.
Endogenous Opiods.
Endometriosis.
Endometrium.
Endotheliochorial Placentation.
Energetics in Reproduction.
Energy Balance, Effects on Reproduction.
Environmental Estrogens.
VOLUME 2 - Ep-Ly:
Epididymis.
Epitheliochorial Placentation.
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin
Erection.
Erythroblastosis Fetalis.
Estrogen Action, Behavior.
Estrogen Action, Bone.
Estrogen Action, Breast.
Estrogen Action on the Female Reproductive Tract.
Estrogen Effects and Receptors, Subavian Species.
Estrogen, Effects in Birds.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy.
Estrogen Secretion, Regulation of.
Estrogens, Overview.
Estrous Cycle.
Estrus.
Eunuchoidism.
Fallopian Tube.
Family Planning.
Female Reproductive Disorders, Overview.
Female Reproductive System, Amphibians.
Female Reproductive System, Birds.
Female Reproductive System, Fish.
Female Reproductive System, Humans.
Female Reproductive System, Insects.
Female Reproductive System, Nonhuman Mammals.
Female Reproductive System, Reptiles.
Female Sterilization.
Fertility and Fecundity.
Fertilization.
Fetal Adrenals.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Fetal Anomalies.
Fetal Diagnosis, Invasive.
Fetal Growth and Development.
Fetal Hormones.
Fetal Lung Development.
Fetal Membranes.
Fetal Monitoring and Testing.
Fetal-Placental Unit.
Fetal Surgery.
alpha-Fetoprotein and Triple Screening.
Fetus, Overview.
Fish, Modes of Reproduction in.
Follicular Atresia.
Follicular Development.
Follicular Steroidogenesis.
Follistatin.
Freemartin.
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone).
Galactorrhea.
Gametes, Overview.
Gene Transfer, Sperm-Mediated.
Genitalia.
Germ Layers.
Global Zones and Reproduction.
Gnathostomulida.
Gn-RH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone).
Gn-RH Pulse Generator.
Gonadogenesis, Female.
Gonadogenesis, Male.
Gonadotropes.
Gonadotropin Biosynthesis.
Gonadotropin Receptors.
Gonadotropin Secretion, Control of.
Gonadotropins, Overview.
Graafian Follicle.
Granulosa Cells.
Growth Factors.
Guinea Pig, Female.
Gynecomastia.
Hemichordata.
Hemochorial Placentation.
Hemocoelic Insemination.
Hermaphroditism.
Hirsutism.
HIV Infection and AIDS.
Homosexuality.
Hormonal Contraception.
Hormonal Control of the Reproductive Tract, Subavian Vertebrates.
Hormone Receptors, Overview.
Hormones and Reproductive Behaviors, Fish.
Hormones of Pregnancy.
Horses.
Human Placental Lactogen (Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin).
Hybridization.
Hydra.
Hyenas.
Hyperprolactinemia.
Hypogonadism.
Hypophysectomy.
Hypopituitarism.
Hypospadias.
Hypothalamic-Hypophysial Complex (Pituitary Portal System).
Hypoxia, Effect on Reproduction.
Hysterectomy.
IGF (Insulin-Like Growth Factors).
Immunocytochemistry.
Immunology of Reproduction.
Implantation.
Impotence.
Infections in Pregnancy.
Infertility.
Inhibin.
Insect Accessory Glands.
Insect Reproduction, Overview.
Interferons.
Internal Fertilization in Birds and Mammals.
Internal Gland, Stress Response and Reproduction.
Intersexuality in Mammals.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Mechanisms of Fetal Growth.
Intrauterine Position Phenomenon.
In Vitro Fertilization.
Juvenile Hormone.
Kallmann's Syndrome.
Kamptozoa (Entoprocta).
Kinorhyncha.
Klinefelter's Syndrome.
Labor and Delivery, Human.
Lactational Amenorrhea.
Lactational Anestrus.
Lactation, Human.
Lactation, Nonhuman.
Lactogenesis.
Lactotrophs.
Leiomyoma.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor.
Leydig and Sertoli Cells, Nonmammalian.
Leydig Cells.
LH (Luteinizing Hormone).
Local Control Systems in Reproduction.
Locusts.
Lordosis.
Luteinization.
Luteolysis.
Luteotropic Hormones.
Lymphokines.
VOLUME 3 - Ma-Pri:
Magnocellular System.
Male Reproductive Disorders.
Male Reproductive System, Amphibians.
Male Reproductive System, Birds.
Male Reproductive System, Fish.
Male Reproductive System, Human.
Male Reproductive System, Insects.
Male Reproductive System, Nonhuman Mammals.
Male Reproductive System, Reptiles.
Mammary Gland Development.
Mammary Gland, Overview.
Marine Invertebrate Larvae.
Marine Invertebrates, Modes of Reproduction in
Marsupials.
Mate Choice, Overview.
Mating Behaviors, Mammals.
Mating Behaviors, Invertebrates Other Than Insects.
Median Eminence.
Meiosis.
Meiotic Cell Cycle, Oocytes.
Menarche.
Menopause.
Menstrual Cycle.
Menstrual Disorders.
Menstruation.
Metamorphosis, Insects.
Microtinae (Voles).
Migration, Amphibians.
Migration, Birds.
Migration, Fish.
Migration, Insects.
Migration, Reptiles.
Milk, Composition and Synthesis.
Milk Ejection.
Mollusca.
Molt and Nuptial Color.
Monotremes.
Morning Sickness and Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
Myriapoda.
Naked Mole-Rats.
Nematodes and Related Phyla.
Nematomorpha.
Nemertea.
Nervus Terminalis.
Nesting, Birds.
Neuroendocrine Systems.
Neurohypophysial Hormones.
Neuropeptides.
Neurosecretion.
Neurotransmitters.
Nutritional Factors and Reproduction.
Nutritional Factors and Lactation.
Obstetrical Anesthesia.
Olfaction and Reproduction.
Onychophora.
Oocyte and Embryo Transport.
Oocyte Mammalian.
Oocyte Maturation and Spawning in Starfish.
Oogenesis, in Mammals.
Oogenesis, in Nonmammalian Vertebrates.
Oostatins, Folliculostatins, and Antigonadotropins, Insects.
Opossums.
Orchitis.
Orgasm.
Orthonectida.
Osteoporosis.
Ovarian Cancer.
Ovarian Cycle, Mammals.
Ovarian Cycle, Teleost Fish.
Ovarian Cycles and Follicle Development in Birds.
Ovarian Function in the Perimenopause.
Ovarian Hormones, Overview.
Ovarian Innervation.
Ovary, Overview.
Oviposition in Molluscs.
Ovulation.
Ovulation and Oviposition, Insects.
Oxytocics.
Oxytocin.
Pampiniform Plexus.
Parasites and Reproduction.
Parasitoids.
Paraspermatozoa.
Parental Behavior, Arthropods.
Parental Behavior, Birds.
Parental Behavior, Mammals.
Parthenogenesis and Natural Clones.
Parturition, Nonhuman Mammals.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
Pelvic Nerve.
Pelvimetry.
Penis.
Pheromones, Fish.
Pheromones, Insects.
Pheromones, Mammals.
Phoronida.
Photoperiodism, Vertebrates.
Pigeons.
Pigs.
Pineal Gland, Melatonin Biosynthesis and Secretion.
Pineal Gland, Regulatory Function.
Pituitary Gland, in Fish.
Pituitary Gland, Overview.
Placenta and Placental Analogs in Elasmobranchs.
Placenta and Placental Analogs in Reptiles and Amphibians.
Placenta: Implantation and Development.
Placental and Decidual Protein Hormones, Human.
Placental Gas Exchange.
Placental Lactogens.
Placental Nutrient Transport.
Placental Steroidogenesis in Primate Pregnancy.
Placozoa.
Platyhelminthes.
PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome).
Poecilogony.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Polyspermy.
Porifera.
Postdate (Postterm) Pregnancy.
Postpartum Depression.
Prader/Willi Syndrome.
Preeclampsia/Eclampsia.
Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats.
Pregnancy in Farm Animals.
Pregnancy in Humans, Overview.
Pregnancy, in Other Mammals.
Pregnancy, Maintenance of.
Pregnancy, Maternal Recognition of.
Pregnancy, Metabolic Changes in.
Prenatal Genetic Screening.
Preterm Labor and Delivery.
Priapulida.
Primates, Nonhuman.
Primordial Germ Cells.
VOLUME 4 - Pro-Z:
Progesterone Actions on Behavior.
Progesterone Actions on Reproductive Tract.
Progesterone Effects and Receptors, Subavian Species.
Progestins.
Prolactin, Overview.
Prolactin, Actions of.
Prolactin Inhibitory Factors.
Prolactin in Nonmammalian Vertebrates.
Prolactin Secretion, Regulation of.
Prostate Cancer.
Prostate Gland.
Prostate-Specific Antigen.
Protein Hormones of Primate Pregnancy.
Protozoa.
Pseudocyesis.
Pseudopregnancy.
Puberty Acceleration.
Puberty, in Humans.
Puberty, in Nonhuman Primates.
Puberty, in Nonprimate Mammals.
Puberty, Precocious.
Puerperal Infections.
Puerperium.
Rabbits.
Radioimmunoassay.
Receptors for Hormones, Overview.
Reflex (Induced) Ovulation.
Regulation of Sertoli Cells.
Relaxin, Mammalian.
Relaxin, Nonmammalian.
Reproductive Senescence, Human.
Reproductive Senescence, Nonhuman Mammals.
Reproductive Technologies, Overview.
Reproductive Toxicology.
Reptilian Reproduction, Overview.
Reptilian Reproductive Cycles.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Rhodnius prolixus.
Rhombozoa.
Rhythms, Lunar and Tidal.
Rodentia.
Rotifera.
Ruminants.
Seals.
Seasonal Reproduction, Birds.
Seasonal Reproduction, Fish.
Seasonal Reproduction, Mammals.
Seasonal Reproduction, Marine Invertebrates.
Sea Urchins.
Semen.
Seminal Vesicles.
Sertoli Cells, Function.
Sertoli Cells, Overview.
Sex Chromosomes.
Sex Determination, Environmental.
Sex Determination, Genetic.
Sex Determination, in Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds, Hormonal Regulation.
Sex Differentiation, Psychological.
Sex Ratios.
Sex Skin.
Sexual Attractants.
Sexual Dysfunction.
Sexual Imprinting.
Sexually-Transmitted Diseases.
Sexual Selection.
SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin).
Sheehan's Syndrome.
Sheep and Goats.
Sipuncula.
Social Insects, Overview.
Song in Arthropods.
Songbirds and Singing.
Spawning, Marine Invertebrates.
Sperm Activation, Arthropods.
Spermatogenesis, Overview.
Spermatogenesis, Disorders of.
Spermatogenesis, Hormonal Control of.
Spermatogenesis, in Nonmammals.
Spermatogenetic Cycle in Fish.
Spermatophores in the Arthropods.
Spermatozoa.
Sperm Capacitation.
Spermiogenesis.
Sperm Transport.
Sperm Transport, Arthropods.
SRY Gene.
Sterility.
Steroid Hormones, Overview.
Steroidogenesis, Overview.
Steroid Hormone Receptors.
Stress and Reproduction.
Substance Abuse and Pregnancy.
Suckling Behavior.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.
Surfactant.
Symbiosis.
Tardigrada.
Teleosts, Viviparity.
Temperature, Effects on Testicular Function.
Teratogens.
Territorial Behavior, Overview.
Testicular Cancer.
Testicular Developmental Anomalies.
Testis, Overview.
Testosterone Biosynthesis.
Theca Cells.
Theca Cell Tumors.
Thyroid Hormones, in Subavian Species.
Tocolytic Agents.
Transgenic Animals.
Trophoblast to Human Placenta.
Tsetse Flies.
Tubal Surgery.
Tumors of the Female Reproductive System.
Tunicata (Urochordata).
Turner's Syndrome.
Twinning.
Ullrich Syndrome.
Ultradian Hormone Rhythms.
Ultrasound.
Umbilical Cord.
Uterine Anomalies.
Uterine Contraction.
Uterus, Human.
Uterus, Nonhuman.
Vagina.
Varicocele.
Vasectomy.
Vitellogenins and Vitellogenesis.
Viviparity and Oviparity: Evolution and Reproductive Strategies.
Vomeronasal Gland.
Whales and Porpoises.
Whitten Effect.
Wolffian Ducts.
Yolk Proteins, Invertebrates.
Yolk Sac.
Zygotic Genomic Activation
Contributors.
Glossary of Key Terms.
Subject Index.

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"...an encyclopedic reference work such as this is needed and welcomed... A wide variety of illustrations including tables, graphs, drawings, and excellent photographs are well utilized in each entry. This encyclopedia provides an attractive, comprehensive review of clinical and basic science involved in reproductive biology. It assembles a vast amount of information into an extremely well researched four-volume set which is unique to the literature." —DOODY'S PUBLISHING REVIEWS

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