Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry / Edition 1

by Donald G. Crosby

Overview

Although they are two aspects of the same subject, environmental toxicology and environmental chemistry are usually presented as though they are entirely separate from one another; even their practitioners often seem unaware of the connections. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is the first text to tie these subjects closely together, demonstrating the immediate relevance of each subject to the other while also providing basic, easily understandable introductions to both areas. This unique work presents their principles and applications through numerous illustrative examples and special topics that highlight current environmental concerns. It provides up-to-date as well as historical examples of both subjects and includes discussions of ecotoxicology, epidemiology, predictive methods, and other topics not covered in similar texts. It also includes invertebrates and nonmammal vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms, as well as humans and other mammals. The first five chapters place chemicals in the environment; the following five provide the biological and toxicological settings; and the remaining six chapters offer examples of specific chemicals, their toxic effects and significance, and predictions of fate and toxicity. Each chapter concludes with a discussion of a related topic of particular public and scientific interest, such as chemical carcinogens, pesticide residues, or hazardous wastes.
Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in environmental toxicology courses, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry offers a timely, comprehensive introduction to the principles of toxicology as they apply to our environment. It is also useful for professionals and practitioners in a wide range of environmentally related fields and businesses.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780195117134
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	02/26/1998
Series:	Topics in Environmental Chemistry
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	350
Product dimensions:	9.56(w) x 6.83(h) x 0.88(d)

About the Author

University of California, Davis (Emeritus)

Table of Contents

Preface1. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry1.1. Poisons1.2. Environmental Toxicology1.3. Environmental Chemistry1.4. Toxicity1.5. Hazard and Risk1.6. Major Toxic Hazards1.7. Perspective1.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 1: Ecotoxicology2. Environmental Chemicals2.1. Chemicals in the Environment2.2. Detection and Measurement2.3. The Atmosphere2.4. Water2.5. Soils2.6. Biota2.7. Everyday Life2.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 2: Pesticide Residues3. Environmental Chemodynamics3.1. Environmental Chemodynamics3.2. Dissolution3.3. Solvent Partitioning3.4. Volatilization3.5. Adsorption3.6. Significance3.7. ReferencesSpecial Topic 3: The Great Escape4. Environmental Transport4.1. Dissipation of Chemicals4.2. Transport in and from Surface Water4.3. Transport in Soil and Groundwater4.4. Atmospheric Transport4.5. Commercial Conveyance4.6. Global Transport4.7. ReferencesSpecial Topic 4: Wind, Water, and Waves5. Abiotic Transformations5.1. Transformations5.2. Photochemistry5.3. Oxidation5.4. Reduction5.5. Hydrolysis5.6. Some Other Abiotic Reactions5.7. Summary of Abiotic Reactions5.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 5: Free Radicals and the Ozone Layer6. Biotransformations6.1. Biotransformations6.2. Transformations by Microorganisms6.3. Transformations in Animals and Higher Plants6.4. Comparative Metabolism6.5. Summary of Biotransformations6.6. ReferencesSpecial Topic 6: Anatomy of an Oil Spill7. Intoxication7.1. The Intoxication Process7.2. Absorption and Disposition7.3. Factors Governing Intoxication7.4. Toxic Effects7.5. ReferencesSpecial Topic 7: Adaptation8. Quantitative Toxicology8.1. Dose-Response Relationships8.2. Factors Affecting Quantitative Responses8.3. Toxicokinetics8.4. Toxicity Measurements and Endpoints8.5. Data from Humans8.6. ReferencesSpecial Topic 8: Epidemiology9. Intoxication Mechanisms9.1. The Biochemical Lesion9.2. Receptors and Targets9.3. Mechanisms of General Toxicity9.4. Animal-specific Mechanisms9.5. Plant-specific Mechanisms9.6. Microbe-specific Mechanisms9.7. Perspective9.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 9: Chemical Carcinogens10. Exposure and Risk10.1. Hazard and Risk10.2. Exposure10.3. Risk Assessments10.4. Ecological Risk10.5. Risk Management10.6. ReferencesSpecial Topic 10: PBPK Models11. Inorganic Toxicants11.1. Toxic Inorganic Chemicals11.2. Some Basic Chemistry11.3. Nonmetallic Elements11.4. The Metalloids11.5. Heavy Elements11.6. Transition Elements11.7. Radioactive Elements11.8. Other Toxic Elements11.9. ReferencesSpecial Topic 11: Methylation of Metals and Metalloids12. Biotoxins12.1. Biotoxins12.2. The Alkaloids12.3. Toxic Glycosides12.4. Plant Phenolics12.5. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins12.6. Lactone Mycotoxins12.7. Perspective12.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 12: Allelochemicals13. Industrial Chemicals13.1. Industrial Chemicals13.2. Petrochemicals13.3. Toxic Byproducts and Conversion Products13.4. ReferencesSpecial Topic 13: Why Chlorinate? 14. Refractory Pollutants14.1. Refractory Chemicals14.2. DDT and DDE14.3. Chlorinated Alicyclics14.4. Chlorinated Dioxins14.5. Polychlorinated Biphenyls14.6. Phthalate Esters14.7. Perspective14.8. ReferencesSpecial Topic 14: Environmental Persistence15. Reactive Pollutants15.1. Reactivity15.2. Alkyl Halides15.3. Chlorophenols15.4. Divalent Sulfur Compounds15.5. Dithiocarbamates15.6. Nitroarenes15.7. Amines and Their Derivatives15.8. Esters15.9. Carbon Monoxide and Cyanides15.10. Perspective15.11. ReferencesSpecial Topic 15: Hazardous Waste16. Predicting Environmental Fate and Effects16.1. Quantitative Prediction16.2. Predicting Environmental Transport16.3. Predicting Environmental Transformations16.4. Modeling Environmental Fate16.5. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relations (QSAR)16.6. Microcosms (Model Ecosystems)16.7. ReferencesSpecial Topic 16: QSAR and ToxicityGlossaryIndex