Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER. Jonathan Safran Foer's debut—"a funny, moving...deeply felt novel about the dangers of confronting the past and the redemption that comes with laughing at it, even when that seems all but impossible." (Time)

With only a yellowing photograph in hand, a young man—also named Jonathan Safran Foer—sets out to find the woman who might or might not have saved his grandfather from the Nazis.

Accompanied by an old man haunted by memories of the war, an amorous dog named Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior, and the unforgettable Alex, a young Ukrainian translator who speaks in a sublimely butchered English, Jonathan is led on a quixotic journey over a devastated landscape and into an unexpected past.

As their adventure unfolds, Jonathan imagines the history of his grandfather’s village, conjuring a magical fable of startling symmetries that unite generations across time. As his search moves back in time, the fantastical history moves forward, until reality collides with fiction in a heart-stopping scene of extraordinary power.

“Imagine a novel as verbally cunning as A Clockwork Orange, as harrowing as The Painted Bird, as exuberant and twee as Candide, and you have Everything Is Illuminated . . . Read it, and you'll feel altered, chastened—seared in the fire of something new.” — Washington Post

“A rambunctious tour de force of inventive and intelligent storytelling . . . Foer can place his reader’s hand on the heart of human experience, the transcendent beauty of human connections. Read, you can feel the life beating.” — Philadelphia Inquirer
1100303410
Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER. Jonathan Safran Foer's debut—"a funny, moving...deeply felt novel about the dangers of confronting the past and the redemption that comes with laughing at it, even when that seems all but impossible." (Time)

With only a yellowing photograph in hand, a young man—also named Jonathan Safran Foer—sets out to find the woman who might or might not have saved his grandfather from the Nazis.

Accompanied by an old man haunted by memories of the war, an amorous dog named Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior, and the unforgettable Alex, a young Ukrainian translator who speaks in a sublimely butchered English, Jonathan is led on a quixotic journey over a devastated landscape and into an unexpected past.

As their adventure unfolds, Jonathan imagines the history of his grandfather’s village, conjuring a magical fable of startling symmetries that unite generations across time. As his search moves back in time, the fantastical history moves forward, until reality collides with fiction in a heart-stopping scene of extraordinary power.

“Imagine a novel as verbally cunning as A Clockwork Orange, as harrowing as The Painted Bird, as exuberant and twee as Candide, and you have Everything Is Illuminated . . . Read it, and you'll feel altered, chastened—seared in the fire of something new.” — Washington Post

“A rambunctious tour de force of inventive and intelligent storytelling . . . Foer can place his reader’s hand on the heart of human experience, the transcendent beauty of human connections. Read, you can feel the life beating.” — Philadelphia Inquirer
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Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel

Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel

by Jonathan Safran Foer
Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel

Everything Is Illuminated: A Novel

by Jonathan Safran Foer

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Overview

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER. Jonathan Safran Foer's debut—"a funny, moving...deeply felt novel about the dangers of confronting the past and the redemption that comes with laughing at it, even when that seems all but impossible." (Time)

With only a yellowing photograph in hand, a young man—also named Jonathan Safran Foer—sets out to find the woman who might or might not have saved his grandfather from the Nazis.

Accompanied by an old man haunted by memories of the war, an amorous dog named Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior, and the unforgettable Alex, a young Ukrainian translator who speaks in a sublimely butchered English, Jonathan is led on a quixotic journey over a devastated landscape and into an unexpected past.

As their adventure unfolds, Jonathan imagines the history of his grandfather’s village, conjuring a magical fable of startling symmetries that unite generations across time. As his search moves back in time, the fantastical history moves forward, until reality collides with fiction in a heart-stopping scene of extraordinary power.

“Imagine a novel as verbally cunning as A Clockwork Orange, as harrowing as The Painted Bird, as exuberant and twee as Candide, and you have Everything Is Illuminated . . . Read it, and you'll feel altered, chastened—seared in the fire of something new.” — Washington Post

“A rambunctious tour de force of inventive and intelligent storytelling . . . Foer can place his reader’s hand on the heart of human experience, the transcendent beauty of human connections. Read, you can feel the life beating.” — Philadelphia Inquirer

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780544484009
Publisher: HarperCollins
Publication date: 04/14/2015
Edition description: Reissue
Pages: 288
Product dimensions: 5.31(w) x 8.00(h) x 0.69(d)
Lexile: 880L (what's this?)
Age Range: 14 - 18 Years

About the Author

About The Author
JONATHAN SAFRAN FOER is the author of the novels Everything is Illuminated and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, and a work of nonfiction, Eating Animals. His books have won numerous awards and have been translated into 36 languages. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.

Hometown:

New York, New York

Date of Birth:

February 21, 1977

Place of Birth:

Washington, D.C.

Education:

B.A. in Philosophy, Princeton University, 1999

Read an Excerpt

1
An Overture to the Commencement of a Very Rigid Journey

My legal name is Alexander Perchov. But all of my many friends dub me
Alex, because that is a more flaccid-to-utter version of my legal
name. Mother dubs me Alexi-stop-spleening-me!, because I am always
spleening her. If you want to know why I am always spleening her, it
is because I am always elsewhere with friends, and disseminating so
much currency, and performing so many things that can spleen a
mother. Father used to dub me Shapka, for the fur hat I would don
even in the summer month. He ceased dubbing me that because I ordered
him to cease dubbing me that. It sounded boyish to me, and I have
always thought of myself as very potent and generative. I have many
many girls, believe me, and they all have a different name for me.
One dubs me Baby, not because I am a baby, but because she attends to
me. Another dubs me All Night. Do you want to know why? I have a girl
who dubs me Currency, because I disseminate so much currency around
her. She licks my chops for it. I have a miniature brother who dubs
me Alli. I do not dig this name very much, but I dig him very much,
so OK, I permit him to dub me Alli. As for his name, it is Little
Igor, but Father dubs him Clumsy One, because he is always
promenading into things. It was only four days previous that he made
his eye blue from a mismanagement with a brick wall. If you're
wondering what my bitch's name is, it is Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior.
She has this name because Sammy Davis, Junior was Grandfather's
beloved singer, and the bitch is his, not mine, because I am not the
one who thinks he is blind.

As for me, I was sired in 1977, the same year as the hero of
this story. In truth, my life has been very ordinary. As I mentioned
before, I do many good things with myself and others, but they are
ordinary things. I dig American movies. I dig Negroes, particularly
Michael Jackson. I dig to disseminate very much currency at famous
nightclubs in Odessa. Lamborghini Countaches are excellent, and so
are cappuccinos. Many girls want to be carnal with me in many good
arrangements, notwithstanding the Inebriated Kangaroo, the Gorky
Tickle, and the Unyielding Zookeeper. If you want to know why so many
girls want to be with me, it is because I am a very premium person to
be with. I am homely, and also severely funny, and these are winning
things. But nonetheless, I know many people who dig rapid cars and
famous discotheques. There are so many who perform the Sputnik Bosom
Dalliance—which is always terminated with a slimy underface—that I
cannot tally them on all of my hands. There are even many people
named Alex. (Three in my house alone!) That is why I was so
effervescent to go to Lutsk and translate for Jonathan Safran Foer.
It would be unordinary.

I had performed recklessly well in my second year of English
at university. This was a very majestic thing I did because my
instructor was having shit between his brains. Mother was so proud of
me, she said, "Alexi-stop-spleening-me! You have made me so proud of
you." I inquired her to purchase me leather pants, but she said
no. "Shorts?" "No." Father was also so proud. He said, "Shapka," and
I said, "Do not dub me that," and he said, "Alex, you have made
Mother so proud."

Mother is a humble woman. Very, very humble. She toils at a
small cafe one hour distance from our home. She presents food and
drink to customers there, and says to me, "I mount the autobus for an
hour to work all day doing things I hate. You want to know why? It is
for you, Alexi-stop-spleening-me! One day you will do things for me
that you hate. That is what it means to be a family." What she does
not clutch is that I already do things for her that I hate. I listen
to her when she talks to me. I resist complaining about my pygmy
allowance. And did I mention that I do not spleen her nearly so much
as I desire to? But I do not do these things because we are a family.
I do them because they are common decencies. That is an idiom that
the hero taught me. I do them because I am not a big fucking asshole.
That is another idiom that the hero taught me.

Father toils for a travel agency, denominated Heritage
Touring. It is for Jewish people, like the hero, who have cravings to
leave that ennobled country America and visit humble towns in Poland
and Ukraine. Father's agency scores a translator, guide, and driver
for the Jews, who try to unearth places where their families once
existed. OK, I had never met a Jewish person until the voyage. But
this was their fault, not mine, as I had always been willing, and one
might even write lukewarm, to meet one. I will be truthful again and
mention that before the voyage I had the opinion that Jewish people
were having shit between their brains. This is because all I knew of
Jewish people was that they paid Father very much currency in order
to make vacations from America to Ukraine. But then I met Jonathan
Safran Foer, and I will tell you, he is not having shit between his
brains. He is an ingenious Jew.

So as for the Clumsy One, who I never ever dub the Clumsy One
but always Little Igor, he is a first-rate boy. It is now evident to
me that he will become a very potent and generative man, and that his
brain will have many muscles. We do not speak in volumes, because he
is such a silent person, but I am certain that we are friends, and I
do not think I would be lying if I wrote that we are paramount
friends. I have tutored Little Igor to be a man of this world. For an
example, I exhibited him a smutty magazine three days yore, so that
he should be appraised of the many positions in which I am
carnal. "This is the sixty-nine," I told him, presenting the magazine
in front of him. I put my fingers—two of them—on the action, so that
he would not overlook it. "Why is it dubbed sixty-nine?" he asked,
because he is a person hot on fire with curiosity. "It was invented
in 1969. My friend Gregory knows a friend of the nephew of the
inventor." "What did people do before 1969?" "Merely blowjobs and
masticating box, but never in chorus." He will be made a VIP if I
have a thing to do with it.

This is where the story begins.

But first I am burdened to recite my good appearance. I am
unequivocally tall. I do not know any women who are taller than me.
The women I know who are taller than me are lesbians, for whom 1969
was a very momentous year. I have handsome hairs, which are split in
the middle. This is because Mother used to split them on the side
when I was a boy, and to spleen her I split them in the
middle. "Alexi-stop-spleening-me!," she said, "you appear mentally
unbalanced with your hairs split like that." She did not intend it, I
know. Very often Mother utters things that I know she does not
intend. I have an aristocratic smile and like to punch people. My
stomach is very strong, although it presently lacks muscles. Father
is a fat man, and Mother is also. This does not disquiet me, because
my stomach is very strong, even if it appears very fat. I will
describe my eyes and then begin the story. My eyes are blue and
resplendent. Now I will begin the story.

Father obtained a telephone call from the American office of
Heritage Touring. They required a driver, guide, and translator for a
young man who would be in Lutsk at the dawn of the month of July.
This was a troublesome supplication, because at the dawn of July,
Ukraine was to celebrate the first birthday of its ultramodern
constitution, which makes us feel very nationalistic, and so many
people would be on vacation in foreign places. It was an impossible
situation, like the 1984 Olympics. But Father is an overawing man who
always obtains what he desires. "Shapka," he said on the phone to me,
who was at home enjoying the greatest of all documentary movies, The
Making of "Thriller," "what was the language you studied this year at
school?" "Do not dub me Shapka," I said. "Alex," he said, "what was
the language you studied this year at school?" "The language of
English," I told him. "Are you good and fine at it?" he asked me. "I
am fluid," I told him, hoping I might make him proud enough to buy me
the zebra-skin seat coverings of my dreams. "Excellent, Shapka," he
said. "Do not dub me that," I said. "Excellent, Alex. Excellent. You
must nullify any plans you possess for the first week of the month of
July." "I do not possess any plans," I said to him. "Yes you do," he
said.

Now is a befitting time to mention Grandfather, who is also
fat, but yet more fat than my parents. OK, I will mention him. He has
gold teeth and cultivates ample hairs on his face to comb by the dusk
of every day. He toiled for fifty years at many employments,
primarily farming, and later machine manipulating. His final
employment was at Heritage Touring, where he commenced to toil in the
1950s and persevered until of late. But now he is retarded and lives
on our street. My grandmother died two years yore of a cancer in her
brain, and Grandfather became very melancholy, and also, he says,
blind. Father does not believe him, but purchased Sammy Davis,
Junior, Junior for him nonetheless, because a Seeing Eye bitch is not
only for blind people but for people who pine for the negative of
loneliness. (I should not have used "purchased," because in truth
Father did not purchase Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior, but only
received her from the home for forgetful dogs. Because of this, she
is not a real Seeing Eye bitch, and is also mentally deranged.)
Grandfather disperses most of the day at our house, viewing
television. He yells at me often. "Sasha!" he yells. "Sasha, do not
be so lazy! Do not be so worthless! Do something! Do something
worthy!" I never rejoinder him, and never spleen him with intentions,
and never understand what worthy means. He did not have the
unappetizing habit of yelling at Little Igor and me before
Grandmother died. That is how we are certain that he does not intend
it, and that is why we can forgive him. I discovered him crying once,
in front of the television. (Jonathan, this part about Grandfather
must remain amid you and me, yes?) The weather report was exhibiting,
so I was certain that it was not something melancholy on the
television that made him cry. I never mentioned it, because it was a
common decency to not mention it.

Grandfather's name is also Alexander. Supplementally is
Father's. We are all the primogenitory children in our families,
which brings us tremendous honor, on the scale of the sport of
baseball, which was invented in Ukraine. I will dub my first child
Alexander. If you want to know what will occur if my first child is a
girl, I will tell you. He will not be a girl. Grandfather was sired
in Odessa in 1918. He has never departed Ukraine. The remotest he
ever traveled was Kiev, and that was for when my uncle wedded The
Cow. When I was a boy, Grandfather would tutor that Odessa is the
most beautiful city in the world, because the vodka is cheap, and so
are the women. He would manufacture funnies with Grandmother before
she died about how he was in love with other women who were not her.
She knew it was only funnies because she would laugh in
volumes. "Anna," he would say, "I am going to marry that one with the
pink hat." And she would say, "To whom are you going to marry her?"
And he would say, "To me." I would laugh very much in the back seat,
and she would say to him, "But you are no priest." And he would
say, "I am today." And she would say, "Today you believe in God?" And
he would say, "Today I believe in love." Father commanded me never to
mention Grandmother to Grandfather. "It will make him melancholy,
Shapka," Father said. "Do not dub me that," I said. "It will make him
melancholy, Alex, and it will make him think he is more blind. Let
him forget." So I never mention her, because unless I do not want to,
I do what Father tells me to do. Also, he is a first-rate puncher.

After telephoning me, Father telephoned Grandfather to inform
him that he would be the driver of our journey. If you want to know
who would be the guide, the answer is there would be no guide. Father
said that a guide was not an indispensable thing, because Grandfather
knew a beefy amount from all of his years at Heritage Touring. Father
dubbed him an expert. (At the time when he said this, it seemed like
a very reasonable thing to say. But how does this make you feel,
Jonathan, in the luminescence of everything that occurred?)

When the three of us, the three men named Alex, gathered in
Father's house that night to converse the journey, Grandfather
said, "I do not want to do it. I am retarded, and I did not become a
retarded person in order to have to perform shit such as this. I am
done with it." "I do not care what you want," Father told him.
Grandfather punched the table with much violence and shouted, "Do not
forget who is who!" I thought that that would be the end of the
conversation. But Father said something queer. "Please." And then he
said something even queerer. He said, "Father." I must confess that
there is so much I do not understand. Grandfather returned to his
chair and said, "This is the final one. I will never do it again."

So we made schemes to procure the hero at the Lvov train
station on 2 July, at 1500 of the afternoon. Then we would be for two
days in the area of Lutsk. "Lutsk?" Grandfather said. "You did not
say it was Lutsk." "It is Lutsk," Father said. Grandfather became in
thought. "He is looking for the town his grandfather came from,"
Father said, "and someone, Augustine he calls her, who salvaged his
grandfather from the war. He desires to write a book about his
grandfather's village." "Oh," I said, "so he is intelligent?" "No,"
Father corrected. "He has low-grade brains. The American office
informs me that he telephones them every day and manufactures
numerous half-witted queries about finding suitable food." "There
will certainly be sausage," I said. "Of course," Father said. "He is
only half-witted." Here I will repeat that the hero is a very
ingenious Jew. "Where is the town?" I asked. "The name of the town is
Trachimbrod." "Trachimbrod?" Grandfather asked. "It is near 50
kilometers from Lutsk," Father said. "He possesses a map and is
sanguine of the coordinates. It should be simple."

Grandfather and I viewed television for several hours after
Father reposed. We are both people who remain conscious very tardy.
(I was near-at-hand to writing that we both relish to remain
conscious tardy, but that is not faithful.) We viewed an American
television program that had the words in Russian at the bottom of the
screen. It was about a Chinaman who was resourceful with a bazooka.
We also viewed the weather report. The weatherman said that the
weather would be very abnormal the next day, but that the next day
after that would be normal. Amid Grandfather and I was a silence you
could cut with a scimitar. The only time that either of us spoke was
when he rotated to me during an advertisement for McDonald's
McPorkburgers and said, "I do not want to drive ten hours to an ugly
city to attend to a very spoiled Jew."

Copyright © 2002 by Jonathan Safran Foer. Reprinted by permission of
Houghton Mifflin Company.

Reading Group Guide

Introduction

With only a yellowing photograph in hand, a young man - also named Jonathan Safran Foer - sets out to find the woman who might or might not have saved his grandfather from the Nazis. Accompanied by an old man haunted by memories of the war, an amorous dog named Sammy Davis, Junior, Junior, and the unforgettable Alex, a young Ukrainian translator who speaks in a sublimely butchered English, Jonathan is led on a quixotic journey over a devastated landscape and into an unexpected past. As their adventure unfolds, Jonathan imagines the history of his grandfather's village, conjuring a magical fable of startling symmetries that unite generations across time. Lit by passion, fear, guilt, memory, and hope, the characters in Everything Is Illuminated mine the black holes of history.

As the search moves back in time, the fantastical history moves forward, until reality collides with fiction in a heart-stopping scene of extraordinary power. An arresting blend of high comedy and great tragedy, this is a story about searching for people and places that no longer exist, for the hidden truths that haunt every family, and for the delicate but necessary tales that link past and future. Exuberant and wise, hysterically funny and deeply moving, Everything Is Illuminated is an astonishing debut.

Discussion Questions
  1. Everything Is Illuminated is a novel written in two voices: Alex's account of the fictional character Jonathan Safran Foer's journey to Ukraine, and Jonathan's magical history of the village of his ancestors. How would you describe these two voices? How is the language different? In what ways do the two narrativesintersect or diverge? Why do you think the author chose to write the novel in this way?

  2. On page 1, Alex refers to Jonathan Safran Foer as "the hero of this story." Is he the hero? Why do you think the author Jonathan Safran Foer chose to give the protagonist of the novel his name? Does this decision affect how you read the story? Would the experience of reading Everything Is Illuminated be different if this character had another name?

  3. Why does Jonathan travel to Ukraine? What is he searching for? What are Alex and his grandfather searching for on the journey? What does each character find?

  4. On page 3, Alex says, "I had never met a Jewish person until the voyage." How would you describe Alex's view of Jewish people? What about his grandfather's? Do these views change as the journey progresses?

  5. On page 61, referring to his grandmother, Jonathan explains to Alex: "I couldn't even tell her I was coming to the Ukraine. She thinks I'm still in Prague." Why can't Jonathan tell his grandmother about his trip? Why is it a secret? Which other characters have secrets they cannot tell their families? What secrets are concealed? What secrets are revealed?

  6. Many of the chapters are titled "Falling in Love." There are many kinds of love in the novel.

    On page 83, Jonathan writes about the love between Brod and Yankel: "But each was the closest thing to a deserving recipient of love that the other would find. So they gave each other all of it." How would you describe this love?

    There is also Jonathan's love of Augustine, the woman he is searching for. Alex writes, on page 24, "I am certain that I can fathom it." In what ways do Jonathan and Alex love Augustine? How does Alex's grandfather love her?

    Brod loves the Kolker, the man she marries. And there is Safran's love for the Gypsy girl. What other kinds of love are there in the novel? How are they similar or different from each other?

  7. Many of the reviewers of the book have noted the unusual and successful use of humor in the novel, especially in light of its concern with the tragic history of the Holocaust. On page 53, Alex writes to Jonathan: "Humor is the only truthful way to tell a sad story." How would you describe the humor in the novel? How does it relate to tragedy? What are your feelings about using humor in a novel that deals with the Holocaust?

  8. On page 79, Jonathan writes that Brod "would never be happy and honest at the same time." And on page 117, Alex, frustrated by not finding Augustine, explains that "not-truths hung in front of me like fruit. Which could I pick for the hero? Which could I pick for Grandfather? Which for myself?" What roles do lies and deception play in Everything Is Illuminated? When and why are lies sometimes necessary? When do they hurt either the liar or the ones they lie to?

  9. Many things and people are split in the novel: the two narratives; the twins, Hannah and Chana; the Kolker, his head literally split by a saw blade; the Double-House in Trachimbrod. What other doubles are there? Why do you think this is such a prominent theme in the novel? What does it reflect about human nature? How does it relate to the question of how we write about historical events, as made clear by the opening sentence of the second chapter: "It was March 18, 1791, when Trachim B's double-axle wagon either did or did not pin him against the bottom of the Brod River."

  10. On page 154, following the realization that he has not found Augustine, Alex writes that "I persevered to think of her as Augustine, because like Grandfather, I could not stop thinking of her as Augustine." Why do Alex and his grandfather refuse to acknowledge that the woman they meet is not Augustine? Why do they want her to be Augustine? Who is the woman really?

  11. Guilt is a big theme in Everything Is Illuminated. On page 187, Alex's grandfather, responding to the account of the Nazis' murdering innocent Jews, tells Alex: "You would not help somebody if it signified that you would be murdered and your family would be murdered." On page 227, Alex's grandfather says, "I am not a bad person. I am a good person who has lived in a bad time." Do you think Alex's grandfather did anything wrong? Should he feel in any way guilty? If your answers to the two questions are different, how can that be? Are we responsible for the bad things that others do if we do nothing to stop them? Should we feel guilty if a family member did something bad in the past? Can we free ourselves from guilt for past deeds?

  12. On pages 265-6, Jonathan writes, "Every widow wakes one morning, perhaps after years of pure and unwavering grieving, to realize she has slept a good night's sleep, and will be able to eat breakfast, and doesn't hear her husband's ghost all the time, but only some of the time." How do the characters in Everything Is Illuminated live their lives in the wake of tragic events? How do we both move on and still remember these events? What roles do stories play in reconciling ourselves with the past?

  13. Do you consider the ending of the book hopeful or tragic? Why?

  14. What does the title of the novel, Everything Is Illuminated, mean? Does it mean one thing? What things are illuminated? What is illumination? What is gained and lost by illumination?
About the Author: Jonathan Safran Foer was born in 1977 in Washington, D.C. He is the editor of the anthology A Convergence of Birds: Original Fiction and Poetry Inspired by the Work of Joseph Cornell, a Boston Globe bestseller. His stories have been published in The Paris Review, The New Yorker and Conjunctions. He lives in Queens, New York.

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