Evolving Knowledge Bases: Specification and Semantics

by J. A. Leite

Overview

Conventional logic programming, which represents static knowledge, is not much help when dealing with dynamic knowledge bases in which not only the set of facts (the extensional part) but also the set of rules (the intensional part) changes dynamically says Leite (information, U. Nova de Lisboa, Portugal). Therefore, he introduces dynamic logic programing, which characterizes knowledge given by a sequence of logic programs, each representing a state of the world. Then he extends that to a multi-dimensional version to deal with modules that can be organized according to an acyclic digraph. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781586032784
Publisher:	IOS Press, Incorporated
Publication date:	04/28/2003
Series:	Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Series
Pages:	307
Product dimensions:	9.66(w) x 6.54(h) x 0.92(d)

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgements	v
	Abstract	vii
	List of Figures	xiii
	Preface	xv
1	Introduction	1
1.1	Starting Point	1
1.2	The Roadmap	4
1.3	The Route	7
1.3.1	Milestones	9
1.4	About the Route	10
2	Logic Programming for NMR	11
2.1	Introduction	11
2.2	Brief Historical Perspective	12
2.3	Language of Logic Programs	14
2.4	Model Theory	15
2.5	Declarative Semantics of Logic Programs	16
2.5.1	Definite Logic Programs	16
2.5.2	Normal Logic Programs	17
2.5.3	Extended Logic Programs	18
2.6	Generalized Logic Programs	18
2.6.1	Language	20
2.6.2	Semantics	21
2.6.3	Adding Strong Negation	23
2.7	Concluding Remarks	26
3	Dynamic Logic Programming	29
3.1	Introduction	29
3.2	Logic Program Updates	34
3.2.1	Declarative Semantics	34
3.2.2	Transformational Semantics	36
3.2.3	Properties	41
3.3	Dynamic Logic Programming	47
3.3.1	Declarative Semantics	48
3.3.2	Properties	50
3.3.3	Transformational Semantics	64
3.3.4	Computational Complexity	67
3.3.5	Other Issues	68
3.4	Illustrative Examples	71
3.4.1	Priority Reasoning	71
3.4.2	Rules and Regulations	72
3.4.3	Metaphorical Reasoning	75
3.4.4	Other Examples	81
3.5	Comparisons	81
3.5.1	Updates based on Causal Rejection	82
3.5.2	Other Approaches	95
3.6	Summary and Open Issues	98
4	Languages of Updates	101
4.1	Introduction	101
4.2	Languages for Updates: Overview	102
4.2.1	LUPS	102
4.2.2	EPI	104
4.3	A New Semantics for Non-inertial Commands	106
4.3.1	KUL - Syntax	108
4.3.2	KUL - Semantics	110
4.3.3	Illustrative Examples	112
4.3.4	Comparison	113
4.4	Reasoning About Actions	115
4.5	Conclusions and Open Issues	120
5	Knowledge and Behaviour Update Language	121
5.1	Introduction	121
5.2	KABUL - Framework	128
5.3	KABUL - Syntax	130
5.4	KABUL - Semantics	136
5.4.1	Update Program Reduct	138
5.4.2	Executable Commands	141
5.4.3	Successor State	153
5.5	Illustrative Examples	154
5.6	Properties	163
5.7	Comparisons	167
5.8	Concluding Remarks and Open Issues	172
6	Multi-dimensional Dynamic Logic Programming	175
6.1	Introduction and Motivation	175
6.2	Graphs	176
6.3	Multi-dimensional Dynamic Logic Programming	177
6.3.1	Declarative Semantics	178
6.3.2	Multiple State Semantics	181
6.3.3	Adding Strong Negation	184
6.4	Transformational Semantics for MDLP	185
6.5	Properties	192
6.5.1	Relationship to Dynamic Logic Programming	196
6.5.2	Computational Complexity	199
6.6	Illustrative Examples	199
6.6.1	Organizational Decision Making	199
6.6.2	Multiple Inheritance	200
6.6.3	Legal Reasoning	203
6.6.4	Representing Inter- and Intra-Agent Social Viewpoints	204
6.6.5	MDLP and Multi-agent Systems	209
6.7	Comparison with other work	210
6.8	Conclusions and Future Work	212
7	Multi-dimensional KABUL	215
7.1	Introduction	215
7.2	Core Language	217
7.2.1	KABUL[superscript m] - Syntax	218
7.2.2	KABUL[superscript m] - Semantics	221
7.2.3	Update Program Reduct	222
7.2.4	Executable Commands	223
7.2.5	Successor State	223
7.3	Introducing DAG Commands	225
7.3.1	Hierarchy Commands	225
7.3.2	Prevalence Mode Commands	228
7.3.3	Agent Commands	235
7.4	Multiple Update Programs	236
7.4.1	Framework and Syntax	237
7.4.2	Semantics	241
7.5	Summary and Open Issues	246
8	Illustrative Examples	247
8.1	A Dynamic Knowledge Base for Stock Ratings	247
8.1.1	Scenario Overview	247
8.1.2	Knowledge Base Specification	248
8.1.3	Knowledge Base Evolution	256
8.1.4	Further Elaborations	265
8.2	An Agent Architecture	266
8.2.1	Introduction	266
8.2.2	Overall Architecture	267
8.2.3	Related Work	271
8.2.4	Final Remarks	274
9	Conclusions and Future Directions	277
	Bibliography	283
	A List of Symbols	303