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Overview
This resource provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the American foster care system. Areas of coverage include the scaffolding of foster care systems in the various states (each of which operate their own unique systems through their social service agencies); conditions under which children are taken out of their families of origin and placed in foster care; the experiences of both young children and older teens in foster homes; challenges for foster children who "age out" of the system; and proposals to reform and improve foster care across the nation.
Geared for students, this book contains chapters devoted to the background and history of foster care in America; the systems's problems, controversies, and solutions; original essay contributions exploring various facets of the system; profiles of leading foster care activists and organizations; governmental data and excerpts of primary documents on the topic; and an annotated list of important books, scholarly jourbanals, and nonprint sources for further research. It closes with a detailed chronology, glossary of terms, and subject index.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781440874291 |
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Publisher: | Bloomsbury Academic |
Publication date: | 05/18/2022 |
Series: | Contemporary World Issues |
Pages: | 320 |
Product dimensions: | 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.88(d) |
Age Range: | 12 - 18 Years |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
1 Background and History 3
Introduction 3
Overview of Current System 3
Reporting and Investigation of Abuse 5
Substantiated Cases of Abuse and Neglect 6
Forms of Placement 9
Kinship Care 9
Nonrelative Foster Parent(s) 10
Congregate Care 10
Historical Foundations of Foster Care in America 11
The Evolution of Federal Policy 15
The Social Security Act of 1935 15
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 17
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 18
The Influence of Cultural Heritage, Race, and Ethnicity on Child Welfare Policy 20
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 21
The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 and Interethnic Provisions of 1996 21
Challenges to the Indian Child Welfare Act 23
Permanency Planning and Child Welfare Policy 24
Increased Focus on Aging Out 27
Prevention, Family Preservation, and Promoting Family versus Institutional Care 29
Strengthening the Child Welfare System for America's Children 31
Conclusion 32
References 33
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 39
Introduction 39
Aging Out of Foster Care 40
Foster Care Runaways 42
Placement Instability, Delayed Permanency, and Other System Failures 43
Restrictions on Congregate Care 48
Ensuring Protection and Permanency for Native American Children 51
Racial Disparities in Child Welfare 55
Addressing Racial Bias in the Foster Care System 57
Do Racial Disparities in Child Welfare Cause Pervasive Harm? 62
The Question of Kinship Care 64
Recruiting and Retaining Foster and Adoptive Families 67
LGBTQ Rights and Religious Exemptions 71
Increased Focus on Older Youth 74
COVID-19 and Child Welfare Challenges and Opportunities 75
Conclusion 78
References 80
3 Perspectives 93
Introduction 93
Changing Laws, Changing Lives Darcy Olsen 94
Combating "Stereotype Threat" among Foster Youth Tori Petersen 97
My Life in Foster Care Jaymie Gonzales 100
Improving Trauma-Informed Treatment of Foster Children Terri Galindo 104
Faith-Based Agencies and Communities Are Essential in Child Welfare Work Natalie Goodnow 111
Fostering amid the Opioid Crisis: My Family's Story Vienna Scott 119
They Call Me Mom Diana Hayes 122
4 Profiles 131
Introduction 131
AdoptUSKids 131
Aging Out Institute 132
Annie E. Casey Foundation 133
Better Together 134
The CALL 135
Casey Family Programs 135
Center for State Child Welfare Data 136
CHAMPS 137
Child Welfare League of America 137
Children's Bureau 138
Children's Rights 139
Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute 140
Court Appointed Special Advocates 141
Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption 142
DC Family and Youth Initiative 143
FaithBridge 144
Family and Youth Law Center 144
Family Equality 145
Foster America 146
Foster Care Alumni of America 147
Foster Care to Success 148
FosterClub 148
Fostering Court Improvement 150
4KIDS, Inc., 150
Gen Justice 152
Healthy Foster Care America 153
Heart Gallery 154
iFoster 154
Isaiah 117 House 156
Love Fosters Hope 156
Mayfly Project 157
Monument Academy 158
Multi-System Trauma-Informed Collaborative 159
National Foster Parent Association 160
Native American Youth and Family Center 161
One Church One Child 162
One Simple Wish 163
Project 1.27 164
Safe Families for Children 164
Safe Haven Services 165
Utah Youth Village 166
5 Data and Documents 169
Introduction 169
Data 170
Figure 5.1 Number of Children in Foster Care, Fiscal Years 2015-2019 170
Figure 5.2 Number of Children in Foster Care on September 30, 2019, by Sex and by Race/ Ethnicity 171
Figure 5.3 Race and Ethnicity of Children Entering Foster Care in FY 2008 and FY 2018 171
Figure 5.4 Circumstances Associated with Child's Removal for Children Entering Foster Care, FY 2019 172
Figure 5.5 Children Exiting Foster Care during FY 2019 Broken Down by Reason for Discharge 173
Figure 5.6 Youth Outcomes Reported at Ages 17, 19, and 21 173
Documents 175
President Ronald Reagan's Presidential Proclamation for National Foster Care Month (1988) 175
Senator John H. Chafee's Remarks in Defense of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (1997) 177
Testimony of Youth Aging Out of Foster Care (2007) 181
Testimony of Former Foster Youth Dawna Zender Hovenier and Celebrity Psychologist Dr. Phil McGraw on the Overmedication of Youth in Foster Care (2014) 190
Dr. William C. Bell's Testimony on the Importance of Fathers in Reducing the Need for Foster Care (2019) 198
Sharonell Fulton, et al. v. City of Philadelphia, Petition for Writ of Certiorari and City Respondents Brief in Opposition (2019) (Excerpts) 207
Donald Trump's Executive Order on Strengthening the Child Welfare System (2020) 221
6 Resources 231
Introduction 231
Books 231
Articles and Reports 236
Journals, Magazines, and Online Forums 246
Nonprint Sources 252
7 Chronology 257
Glossary 271
Index 283