Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

by Scott A. Huettel, Allen W. Song, Gregory McCarthy

Overview

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging was the first textbook to provide a true introduction to fMRI—one that presented material authoritatively and comprehensively, yet was accessible to undergraduate students, graduate students, and beginning researchers. This third edition features an updated discussion of the physiological basis of fMRI that includes recent discoveries about the origins of the BOLD response, new data-driven and computational approaches to fMRI data analysis, explanations of creative approaches to experimental design, and discussions of ethical and methodological controversies, among many other revisions. Examples are drawn both from seminal historical work and cutting-edge current research. Concepts are reinforced by numerous thought problems and illustrated with full-color figures, all revised for this edition to achieve a contemporary graphic look. Each chapter is accompanied by updated references and suggested readings.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780878936274
Publisher:	Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press
Publication date:	08/18/2014
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	573
Product dimensions:	8.70(w) x 11.10(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Scott A. Huettel is the Jerry G. and Patricia Crawford Hubbard Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University, with secondary appointments in the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology. His research uses a combination of behavioral, physiological, and neuroscience techniques to discover the neural mechanisms that support cognition, with a focus on decision-making. Much of his research—which includes collaborations with neuroscientists, psychologists, behavioral economists, and business and medical faculty—falls within the emerging interdiscipline of neuroeconomics. He is also a co-editor of Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience (2nd edition, 2013).
Allen W. Song is Director of the Brain Imaging and Analysis Center and Professor in the Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurobiology, and Biomedical Engineering at Duke University. His Ph.D., in Biophysics, was earned from the Medical College of Wisconsin. His research involves the development and optimization of new methods to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of MRI, such as fMRI and DTI. Additional focus is centered on the development of complementary contrast mechanisms for fMRI, including diffusion and perfusion imaging and direct imaging of neuronal activity.
Gregory McCarthy is Professor of Psychology at Yale University. He received his Ph.D. in Biological Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. McCarthy studies the functional anatomy of the human brain, an interest he has pursued using behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging methods. One goal of his research is to elucidate the brain mechanisms of high-level visual function, particularly with regard to perception of social stimuli. Another line of research investigates executive functions, particularly in the frontal lobe, and how they are altered by distracting or emotional stimuli.

Table of Contents

(Bulleted items represent a chapter-by-chapter sampling of new content.)

1. An Introduction to fMRI

*Updated figures, text, and key terms

*New box tracing fMRI research on a single topic over two decades



2. MRI Scanners

*Updated description of MRI scanner technology

*New images of MR hardware

*Updated and modernized figures



3. Basic Principles of MR Signal Generation

*Updated figures illustrating the generation of MR signal

*Clarifications in the derivation of the MR signal generation process



4. Basic Principles of MR Image Formation

*Updated figures illustrating the image formation process

*Clarifications to mathematical descriptions based on student feedback

*New thought questions



5. MRI Contrast Mechanisms and Acquisition Techniques

*Updated images and data to reflect new MRI practice

*Revisions throughout to address student questions about image contrast

*New discussion of the fast imaging techniques used for fMRI



6. From Neuronal to Hemodynamic Activity

*Revised consideration of the relationship between neuronal activity and neural energy demands, including coverage of recent studies

*Increased coverage of the roles played by cells other than neurons in neural hemodynamics

*Chapter reorganization to improve overall coherence by moving material specific to the fMRI BOLD signal to Chapter 7

*New box examining how cerebral blood flow changes in response to local metabolic demands



7. BOLD fMRI: Origins and Properties

*Reorganized to improve the overall flow of the textbook

*Coverage of very recent work linking elements of neuronal activity to BOLD fMRI signals

*New and updated figures



8. Signal, Noise, and Preprocessing of fMRI Data

*Improved discussion of functional SNR

*Updated text throughout



9. Experimental Design

*Improved descriptions of core elements of experimental paradigms

*New examples of different design types, drawn from recent high-impact studies

*Updated box on the Default Mode Network



10. Statistical Analysis I: Basic Analyses

*Updated recommendations for data analyses, based on current fMRI practice

*New and updated figures



11. Statistical Analysis II: Advanced Approaches

*New and expanded consideration of multivariate analyses (e.g., pattern classification)

*New and expanded consideration of methods for functional connectivity analyses

*Expanded discussion of emerging advanced approaches for analysis

*New figures to illustrate analysis methods using empirical results



12. Advanced fMRI Methods

*Updates on techniques and images for greatly improved spatial and temporal resolution

*Updates on the recent progress in fMRI contrast mechanisms

*Discussion of recent advances in brain connectome and related imaging techniques



13. Combining fMRI with Other Techniques

*Expanded discussion of combining fMRI with other techniques (e.g., TMS, EEG)

*Expanded consideration of meta-analytic approaches

*New examples of applying fMRI to other species



14. The Future of fMRI: Practical and Ethical Issues

*Expanded consideration of practical applications of fMRI (e.g., law, neuromarketing)

*Updated discussion of using fMRI for identifying traits

*New discussion of integrating fMRI with genetic measures

*New discussion linking fMRI to ongoing large-scale studies of the human brain



Glossary
Index

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Michael Schrift, DO (University of Washington School of Medicine)
Description: This is the second edition of an excellent book on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). There has been a tremendous explosion of knowledge and research in cognitive neuroscience and a major impetus for this explosion comes from the use of this major tool, fMRI, as a way to understand the relationship among brain activity, regional blood flow, and cognition/behavior. Scientists, not just from the neurosciences but also from nontraditional sources like the social sciences and even theology, take advantage of fMRI. Written and edited by researchers in the field, this book should be required reading for anyone involved in cognitive neuroscience research or anyone wanting to keep relevant in psychiatry or neurology.
Purpose: The purpose, according to the editors, is to "seek to provide a broad, comprehensive, and rigorous introduction to fMRI research." Indeed, the editors/authors have produced a very useful resource for anyone interested in this fascinating tool for cognitive neuroscientific research.
Audience: The targeted audience is anyone interested in fMRI research, which includes graduate students in neuroscience and psychology as well as researchers in psychiatry, neurology, pediatrics, and geriatrics.
Features: The first chapter is an introduction to the field and a discussion of the organization of the book. How MRI scanners work and safety issues are addressed next, followed by explanations of the basic principles of MR signal generation and MR signal formation. The very important issue of neurovascular coupling is then summarized, followed by a description of the BOLD technique. Chapters then review signal, noise, and preprocessing fMRI data and describe experimental design. Two chapters focus on statistical analysis. The book then reviews advanced techniques such as MR microscopy and multiple channel acquisition and describes cognitive neuroscience with manipulating and measuring brain function. The final chapter contains important discussions on practical and ethical issues in fMRI research. Each chapter is extensively referenced with pertinent and up-to-date citations of the scientific literature. The glossary is extremely useful in a technical area such as fMRI research.
Assessment: This is an excellent learning tool for anyone interested in learning about fMRI research and technology. Graduate students in neuroscience and psychology, psychiatrists, or neurologists interested in learning about this valuable research tool will benefit from reading this superb book.

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