Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics / Edition 6

by Bruce R. Munson

Overview

Instructor's Manual and Software available.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	2900470262848
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	01/06/2009
Edition description:	Older Edition
Pages:	776
Product dimensions:	6.50(w) x 1.50(h) x 9.50(d)

About the Author

Bruce R. Munson, Professor of Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University since 1974, received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Purdue University and his Ph.D. degree from the Aerospace A Engineering and Mechanics Department of the University of Minnesota in 1970.

From 1970 to 1974, Dr. Munson was on the mechanical engineering faculty of Duke University. From 1964 o 1966, he worked as an engineer in the jet engine fuel control department of bendix Aerospace Corporation, South Bend, Indiana.

Dr. Munson's main professional activity has been in the area of fluid mechanism education and research. He has been responsible for the development of many fluid mechanics courses for studies in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, engineering science, and agricultural engineering and is the recipient of an Iowa State University Superior Engineering Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation.

He has authored and coauthored many theoretical and experimental technical papers on hydrodynamic stability, low Reynolds number flow, secondary flow, and the applications on hydrodynamic stability, low Reynolds number flow, secondary flow, and the applications of viscous incompressible flow. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and The American Physical Society.

Donald F. Young, Anson Marston Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Engineering, is a Faculty member in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University. Dr. young received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering, his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in theoretical and applied mechanics from Iowa State, and has taught both undergraduate and graduate courses in fluid mechanics for many years. In addition to being named a Distinguished Professor in the College of engineering, Dr. Young has also Received the Standard Oil Foundation Outstanding Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation. He has been engaged in fluid mechanics research for more than 35 years, with special interest in similitude and modeling and the interdisciplinary field o biomedical fluid mechanics. Dr.. Young has contributed to many technical publications and is the author or coauthor of two textbooks on applied mechanics. He is a fellow of the American society of Mechanical Engineers.

Theodore H. Okiishi, Associate Dean of Engineering and past Chair of Mechanical engineering at Iowa State university, has taught fluid mechanics courses there since 1967. He received his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Iowa State.

Form 1965 to 1967, Dr. Okiishi served as a U.S. Army officer with duty assignments at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, where he participated in rocket nozzle heat transfer research, and at the combined Intelligence Center, Saigon, Republic of south Vietnam, where he studied seasonal river flooding problems.

Professor Okiishi is active in research on turbomachinery fluid dynamics. He and his graduate students and other colleagues have written a number of journal articles based on their studies. some of these projects have involved significant collaboration with government and industrial laboratory researchers with two technical papers winning the ASME Melville Medal.

Dr. Okiishi has received several awards for teaching. He has developed undergraduate and graduate courses in classical fluid dynamics as well as the fluid dynamics of turbomachines.

He is a licensed professional engineer. His technical society activities include having been chair of the board of directors of The American society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International Gas Turbine Institute. He is a Fellow of  The American Society of (ASME) International  Gas Turbine Institute. He is a Fellow of The American society of Mechanical Engineers and the editor of the Journal of Turbomachinery.

Table of Contents

Introduction     1
Some Characteristics of Fluids     2
Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units     2
Systems of Units     5
Analysis of Fluid Behavior     7
Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight     8
Density     8
Specific Weight     8
Specific Gravity     9
Ideal Gas Law     9
Viscosity     11
Compressibility of Fluids     15
Bulk Modulus     15
Compression and Expansion of Gases     16
Speed of Sound     17
Vapor Pressure     18
Surface Tension     18
Chapter Summary and Study Guide Problems     21
Fluid Statics     28
Pressure at a Point     29
Basic Equation for Pressure Field     30
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest     31
Incompressible Fluid     32
Compressible Fluid     34
Standard Atmosphere     35
Measurement of Pressure     35
Manometry     37
Piezometer Tube     37
U-Tube Manometer     38
Inclined-Tube Manometer     41
Mechanical andElectronic Pressure Measuring Devices     42
Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface     43
Pressure Prism     47
Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface     49
Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability     52
Archimedes' Principle     52
Stability     53
Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid-Body Motion     55
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     55
References     56
Problems     56
Elementary Fluid Dynamics-The Bernoulli Equation     66
Newton's Second Law     67
F = ma Along a Streamline     68
F = ma Normal to a Streamline     71
Physical Interpretation     73
Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure     75
Examples of Use of the Bernoulli Equation     78
Free Jets     78
Confined Flows     79
Flowrate Measurement     85
The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line     88
Restrictions on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation     90
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     91
Problems     92
Fluid Kinematics     101
The Velocity Field     101
Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions     103
One-, Two-, and Three- Dimensional Flows     104
Steady and Unsteady Flows     104
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines     105
The Acceleration Field     108
The Material Derivative     108
Unsteady Effects     111
Convective Effects     111
Streamline Coordinates     112
Control Volume and System Representations     113
The Reynolds Transport Theorem     114
Derivation of the Reynolds Transport Theorem     114
Selection of a Control Volume     117
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     118
References     118
Problems     119
Finite Control Volume Analysis     123
Conservation of Mass-The Continuity Equation     123
Derivation of the Continuity Equation     123
Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume     125
Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume     129
Newton's Second Law-The Linear Momentum and Moment-of-Momentum Equations     130
Derivation of the Linear Momentum Equation     130
Application of the Linear Momentum Equation     132
Derivation of the Moment-of-Momentum Equation      142
Application of the Moment-of-Momentum Equation     143
First Law of Thermodynamics-The Energy Equation     150
Derivation of the Energy Equation     150
Application of the Energy Equation     153
Comparison of the Energy Equation with the Bernoulli Equation     155
Application of the Energy Equation to Nonuniform Flows     160
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     162
Problems     163
Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow     177
Fluid Element Kinematics     178
Velocity and Acceleration Fields Revisited     178
Linear Motion and Deformation     179
Angular Motion and Deformation     180
Conservation of Mass     184
Differential Form of Continuity Equation     184
Cylindrical Polar Coordinates     186
The Stream Function     187
Conservation of Linear Momentum     190
Description of Forces Acting on Differential Element     191
Equations of Motion     193
Inviscid Flow     194
Euler's Equations of Motion     194
The Bernoulli Equation     195
Irrotational Flow     197
The Bernoulli Equation for Irrotational Flow      197
The Velocity Potential     198
Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows     201
Uniform Flow     203
Source and Sink     203
Vortex     205
Doublet     209
Superposition of Basic, Plane Potential Flows     211
Source in a Uniform Stream-Half-Body     211
Flow around a Circular Cylinder     214
Other Aspects of Potential Flow Analysis     220
Viscous Flow     221
Stress-Deformation Relationships     221
The Navier-Stokes Equations     222
Some Simple Solutions for Viscous, Incompressible Fluids     223
Steady, Laminar Flow between Fixed Parallel Plates     223
Couette Flow     226
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes     228
Other Aspects of Differential Analysis     230
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     231
References     232
Problems     233
Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling     240
Dimensional Analysis     241
Buckingham Pi Theorem     242
Determination of Pi Terms     243
Some Additional Comments about Dimensional Analysis     248
Selection of Variables      248
Determination of Reference Dimensions     249
Uniqueness of Pi Terms     249
Determination of Pi Terms by Inspection     250
Common Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics     251
Correlation of Experimental Data     252
Problems with One Pi Term     252
Problems with Two or More Pi Terms     253
Modeling and Similitude     255
Theory of Models     256
Model Scales     259
Distorted Models     260
Some Typical Model Studies     262
Flow through Closed Conduits     262
Flow around Immersed Bodies     264
Flow with a Free Surface     266
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     269
References     270
Problems     270
Viscous Flow in Pipes     278
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow     279
Laminar or Turbulent Flow     279
Entrance Region and Fully Developed Flow     281
Fully Developed Laminar Flow     282
From F = ma Applied to a Fluid Element     282
From the Navier-Stokes Equations     286
Fully Developed Turbulent Flow     286
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow     287
Turbulent Shear Stress     288
Turbulent Velocity Profile     289
Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Flow     289
Major Losses     290
Minor Losses     294
Noncircular Conduits     301
Pipe Flow Examples     303
Single Pipes     303
Multiple Pipe Systems     310
Pipe Flowrate Measurement     311
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     315
References     317
Problems     317
Flow Over Immersed Bodies     326
General External Flow Characteristics     327
Lift and Drag Concepts     328
Characteristics of Flow Past an Object     330
Boundary Layer Characteristics     333
Boundary Layer Structure and Thickness on a Flat Plate     333
Prandt1/Blasius Boundary Layer Solution     335
Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation for a Flat Plate     337
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow     340
Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow     341
Effects of Pressure Gradient     343
Drag     346
Friction Drag     347
Pressure Drag      347
Drag Coefficient Data and Examples     348
Lift     361
Surface Pressure Distribution     361
Circulation     365
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     367
References     367
Problems     368
Open-Channel Flow     376
General Characteristics of Open-Channel Flow     376
Surface Waves     377
Wave Speed     377
Froude Number Effects     379
Energy Considerations     380
Specific Energy     381
Uniform Depth Channel Flow     384
Uniform Flow Approximations     384
The Chezy and Manning Equations     384
Uniform Depth Examples     387
Gradually Varied Flow     392
Rapidly Varied Flow     392
The Hydraulic Jump     393
Sharp-Crested Weirs     397
Broad-Crested Weirs     399
Underflow Gates     402
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     403
References     404
Problems     405
Turbomachines     410
Introduction     410
Basic Energy Considerations     411
Basic Angular Momentum Considerations     415
The Centrifugal Pump     417
Theoretical Considerations     417
Pump Performance Characteristics     421
System Characteristics and Pump Selection     423
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws     426
Specific Speed     429
Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pumps     430
Turbines     433
Impulse Turbines     434
Reaction Turbines     440
Compressible Flow Turbomachines     443
Chapter Summary and Study Guide     444
References     445
Problems     446
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Flowlab     454
Physical Properties of Fluids     469
Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere     475
Reynolds Transport Theorem     477
General Reynolds Transport Theorem     477
General Control Volume Equations     479
Comprehensive Table of Conversion Factors     483
Online Appendix List     487
Video Library
Review Problems
Laboratory Problems
CFD Driven Cavity Example
Flowlab Tutorial and User's Guide
Flowlab Problems
Answers     488
Index     493
Index of Fluids Phenomena Videos      504

Editorial Reviews

A textbook for a junior or senior introductory course for engineering students. Selects material about the mature science to convey the fundamentals while illustrating every-day examples of fluid flow and the methods for analyzing them. Previously published in 1990 and 1994, and here augmented with a highlighted summary on each of the page of the material thereon, and chapter-end problems. Marks those problems that are best worked with a computer or programmable calculator, and those that require information from outside the classroom and various assumptions. Teacher support material is available. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Booknews