Gigabit Ethernet for Metro Area Networks / Edition 1

by Paul Bedell

Overview

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This book clearly explains the technology, the standards, and the market players


Gigabit Ethernet has been deployed in the metro space, providing low cost, easily managed bandwidth for intensive applications like video, storage, and ASPs. 10 Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3a) will make the use of Ethernet in the Metro area even more attractive. IDC projects that GigE revenues in the U.S., marked at $155 million in 2001, will grow at 36.7% per year over the next five years, to $741 million in 2006.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780071393898
Publisher:	McGraw Hill LLC
Publication date:	10/01/2002
Series:	Professional Telecom Series
Pages:	329
Product dimensions:	7.20(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.94(d)

About the Author

Paul Bedell obtained an M.S. in Telecommunications Management, with distinction, from Chicago's DePaul University in 1994. In 1995, Bedell designed and has since taught a course on cellular and wireless telecommunications at DePaul University in the Graduate School of Computer Science, Telecom, and Information Systems.

He began his telecommunications career in the United States Army Signal Corps, serving in (West) Germany from 1985 to 1988, where he worked as a multichannel communications equipment operator at a remote signal site. Upon discharge in 1988, Bedell spent five years working for several Fortune 500 companies as a telecommunciations analyst.

From there, he moved to the wireless industry, where he spent five years working for three leading wireless carriers in both the celluarl and PCS industries. He spent two-and-a-half years as a network engineer for United States Cellular. During that time, he designed and implemented fixed and interconnection networks in most regions of the United States. He then moved to PrimeCo Personal Communications, where he managed the build out of the prelaunch fixed network for the metro portion of PrimeCo's Chicago market. Bedell then moved to Aerial Communications (which is now known as T-Mobile), where he designed and managed the build out of Aerial's prelaunch wide area network (WAN).

Bedell moved to Ameritech's long-distance business unit in 1998, Ameritech Communications, Inc. (ACI), where he managed the implementation of ACI's 42-node data network, which supported its new 2,500-mile SONET system that spanned the five Ameritech states. Paul also installed two voice over IP (VoIP) networks at ACI before moving into Data Network Product Marketing in August 2000.

Since August 2000, he has been the Associate Director of Product Marketing at SBC Communications, managing a metro area Ethernet product known as GigaMAN(sm). Bedell managed the expansion of the product into the Pacific Bell and Southwestern Bell territories. GigaMAN was originally introduced by SBC in the Ameritech region in 1999.

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xv
	Preface	xvii
	Introduction	xix
Chapter 1	Fundamentals of Ethernet Technology	1
1.1	The Invention of Ethernet and the 802.3 Standard	2
1.2	Ethernet Media	4
1.2.1	Ethernet Media Classifications	5
1.3	The Ethernet Standard	8
1.3.1	Ethernet Frames and Transmission	9
1.4	Basic Components and Operations	11
1.5	Ethernet Topologies	14
1.5.1	Ethernet Bus Topology	14
1.5.2	Ethernet Star Topology	15
1.5.3	Ethernet Tree Topology	17
1.6	Carrier Sense Multiple Access and Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)	17
1.6.1	Carrier Sensing	17
1.6.2	Collision Detection	18
1.6.3	Throughput	19
1.7	Ethernet Hardware, Hubbing, and Switching	20
1.7.1	Network Interface Cards (NICs)	21
1.7.2	Ethernet LAN Hubbing	21
1.7.3	Repeaters	22
1.7.4	Ethernet LAN Switching	22
1.7.5	Virtual LANs (VLANs)	25
1.8	Ethernet Versus Token Ring	26
1.8.1	Token Ring	26
1.9	Drivers of Ethernet Growth	28
Chapter 2	Metro Area Ethernet	31
2.1	Metro Area Networks (MANs)	32
2.1.1	Explosive Demand Growth	34
2.1.2	Services and Technology Consolidation	39
2.2	Technology and Service Drivers: Metro Area Ethernet	41
2.2.1	Internet as a Driving Force	41
2.2.2	Evolution of MAN Requirements	41
2.2.3	A Wish List for the MAN	42
2.3	The Service Provider's Perspective	46
2.4	Optical Ethernet in the MAN	49
2.4.1	Operational Aspects of Optical Ethernet	50
2.4.2	Optical Ethernet Area Networks	51
2.4.3	Advantages of Optical Ethernet	54
2.4.4	Disadvantages of Optical Ethernet	57
2.4.5	Key Enablers of the Development of Optical Ethernet	59
2.4.6	Carrier-Class Ethernet	62
2.4.7	Three Approaches to Managed Services	64
2.4.8	Enterprise Approaches to Optical Ethernet	65
2.4.9	Architecture Selection	66
2.4.10	Summary: Optical Ethernet in the MAN	67
2.5	Gigabit Ethernet (GigE)	68
2.5.1	The Rise of GigE	69
2.5.2	User Demand and Network Strategies	70
2.5.3	The Impact of Traffic Patterns	71
2.5.4	The Technical Foundation of GigE	72
2.5.5	Advantages and Disadvantages of GigE	73
2.6	GigE Applications	74
2.6.1	Commonality in GigE Applications	75
2.6.2	The Applications	76
2.6.3	Summary: GigE Applications	83
2.7	10 GigE	84
2.7.1	Why 10 GigE?	85
2.7.2	Enterprise Market Drivers	87
2.7.3	Market Forecasts	88
2.7.4	10 GigE Standards Development	88
2.7.5	Two Flavors of 10 GigE	93
2.7.6	Media Models for 10 GigE	94
2.7.7	GigE and 10 GigE	95
2.7.8	Getting Ready for 10 GigE	95
2.7.9	10 GigE Applications	97
2.7.10	10 GigE Pricing	104
2.7.11	Deployment Plans	105
2.7.12	Is It Really This Simple?	106
2.7.13	Private Network Adoption of 10 GigE	107
2.7.14	Beyond 10 Gb	108
2.7.15	10 GigE Summary	109
2.8	Architectures for Metro Area GigE	109
2.8.1	Mesh Versus Ring	110
2.8.2	The Mesh Option	111
2.8.3	The Ring Option and SONET	113
2.8.4	A Hybrid Solution	114
2.8.5	Architecture Summary	114
2.9	Ethernet in the Access Arena	115
2.9.1	Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)	115
2.9.2	Ethernet's Potential for Broadband Access	117
2.9.3	Ethernet as Subscriber Access Technology	118
2.9.4	Securing the First Mile	120
2.10	Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs)	122
2.10.1	Evolution of PONs	122
2.10.2	EPONS Versus APONs	123
2.10.3	EPON Fundamentals and Benefits	124
2.10.4	PON Architecture	126
2.10.5	Economic Justification for EPONs	127
2.10.6	Cost-Reduction Opportunities	128
Chapter 3	The Metro GigE Marketplace	131
3.1	Starting with GigE	132
3.2	Challenges and Opportunities for Service Providers	133
3.3	The Evolution of the Term "Competitive Local Exchange Carriers" (CLEC)	133
3.3.1	Building Local Exchange Carriers (BLECs)	134
3.3.2	Ethernet Local Exchange Carriers (ELECs)	134
3.3.3	Optical Local Exchange Carriers (OLECs)	134
3.4	Fiber Availability as a Market Inhibitor	135
3.4.1	Why Fiber?	135
3.4.2	Expansion of Raw Fiber Capacity	137
3.5	Metro Area Ethernet Requirements: The Carrier Perspective	138
3.5.1	Carrier Value Proposition: The Value of Optical Platforms	139
3.7	The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)	140
3.8	Market Inhibitors	141
3.9	Service Provider Segments	141
3.9.1	FSO Laser Strategy (Free-Space Wireless)	141
3.9.2	Wholesalers and Dark-Fiber Providers	142
3.10	Transport Versus Access	149
3.11	Assessment of the Metro Players	151
3.11.1	ILECs	151
3.11.2	Dark-Fiber Companies	151
3.11.3	Turn-Key Solutions (Self-Built Networks)	152
3.11.4	IXC Approach	152
3.11.5	New Transport Entrants	152
3.12	Success Factors for New Entrants	154
3.13	The Business Approach and Service Delivery Options	156
3.13.1	Business Model Segmentation	157
3.13.2	The Service Providers	157
3.14	Carrier Partnerships	188
3.14.1	Telseon and Broadwing	188
3.14.2	All Others	191
3.15	Pricing Strategies	191
3.15.1	Cost Analysis	192
3.15.2	Pricing	193
3.16	Metro Area Ethernet Equipment Vendors	193
3.16.1	The Vendor Marketplace	193
3.16.2	Common System Requirements	195
3.17	Market Forecast	197
3.18	GigE Equipment Development	198
3.18.1	Progress in the 10 GigE Equipment Arena	200
3.19	Multiservice Provisioning Platforms (MSPPs)	200
3.19.1	Multiprotocol Provisioning	201
3.19.2	MSPP or Next-Generation SONET? Which Is It?	203
3.19.3	Optical Ethernet Provisioning Platforms (OEPPs)	205
3.19.4	Next-Generation MAN Equipment Solutions: Three Classes	206
3.20	The Equipment Vendors	210
3.20.1	The Upstart Equipment Vendors	210
3.20.2	The Legacy Equipment Vendors	218
3.20.3	Summary: The Equipment Space	222
Chapter 4	Competing Technologies	227
4.1	The Market Impact of Gigabit Ethernet (GigE)	228
4.2	Ethernet Versus SONET	229
4.2.1	The Constraints of Legacy SONET	229
4.2.2	The Lack of Smooth Scalability and the High Cost of Expansion	232
4.2.3	Restoration Versus Efficiency	233
4.2.4	Long Provisioning Cycles and Inflexible Billing Mechanisms	235
4.2.5	The Burdensome Complexity of SONET Muxing	235
4.2.6	What Are the Options?	236
4.2.7	Ethernet as a SONET Replacement?	237
4.2.8	The Disadvantages of GigE over SONET	238
4.2.9	The Pros and Cons of Ethernet and SONET	239
4.2.10	Optical Ethernet Provisioning Platforms (OEPPs): Market Position	241
4.3	Fibre Channel	242
4.3.1	Ethernet Versus Fibre Channel	244
4.4	Frame Relay	244
4.5	Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)	245
4.5.1	How Ethernet Will Beat ATM in the Enterprise Market	246
4.6	DS-1 Private Lines	248
4.7	DS-3 Private Lines	249
4.8	Private Fiber	249
Chapter 5	Complementary Technologies and Protocols	253
5.1	Ethernet over SONET (EoS)	254
5.1.1	Data over SONET	256
5.1.2	Virtual Concatenation: The Best Option for EoS?	260
5.1.3	Summary: EoS	262
5.2	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)	262
5.2.1	The IP-Optimized Network	263
5.3	Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)	264
5.3.1	DWDM	264
5.3.2	CWDM	265
5.3.3	Ethernet over DWDM	267
5.4	Next-Generation SONET	269
5.4.1	The Options	273
5.4.2	Impediments to New Technology Deployments	275
5.5	SONET-lite	276
5.5.1	IP over Ethernet over DWDM	277
5.5.2	Ethernet/IP Transmissions in SONET-lite Systems	277
5.5.3	The Quality of Service (QoS) Issue	278
5.5.4	New Approaches to QoS	279
5.6	Complementary Protocols and Network Resiliency	281
5.6.1	Spanning Tree Protocol	281
5.6.2	Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP)	284
5.6.3	Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) Protocol	284
5.6.4	Multilink Trunking (MLT): 802.3ad	285
5.6.5	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)	285
5.6.6	Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)	287
	Conclusion	299
	Appendix A	301
	Glossary	303
	References	315
	Index	319