Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan
The book "Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan", represents the first detailed study of Muslim religious responses to totalitarian repression during the first half of the 20th century, and is therefore of interest to specialists in Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, Russian and Soviet History, Central Asian and Turkic Studies, and Sufi Studies. Based on Kazakh-language hagiographies produced by Sufi communities, the monograph examines how these communities interpreted and explained the experience of repression (anti-religious policies targeting Sufis, collectivization, famine, and mass arrests), and how these communities adjusted to Soviet life after the Second World War. At the center of the study are a series of miracle stories, set in the Gulag, recounting the experiences of saints and other prominent members of these communities with Stalinist repression. These stories, rich in symbolic meaning, circulated among these communities in the Soviet era, and contain political critiques of the Stalin era, based on Islamic and Sufi ethics. These hagiographies, published in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, clearly reveal the continuity of Sufi concepts in Kazakh communities from the medieval period, through to independence, bringing into question the degree to which the Soviet era represented a rupture in the religious lives of Muslim communities. The book also considers the role of Sufi communities in Kazakh kinship structures, and their manifestation during the Soviet era. In this context, it reevaluates much that has been written about "Soviet Islam", questioning the justification for separating the Soviet Union and its Muslim communities from the rest of the "Muslim World". The hagiographies demonstrate that while Sufi communities underwent a degree of Sovietization, as reflected in their stories, this Sovietization was accomplished, ironically, by a parallel "Islamization" of various aspects of the Soviet experience.
1134936143
Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan
The book "Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan", represents the first detailed study of Muslim religious responses to totalitarian repression during the first half of the 20th century, and is therefore of interest to specialists in Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, Russian and Soviet History, Central Asian and Turkic Studies, and Sufi Studies. Based on Kazakh-language hagiographies produced by Sufi communities, the monograph examines how these communities interpreted and explained the experience of repression (anti-religious policies targeting Sufis, collectivization, famine, and mass arrests), and how these communities adjusted to Soviet life after the Second World War. At the center of the study are a series of miracle stories, set in the Gulag, recounting the experiences of saints and other prominent members of these communities with Stalinist repression. These stories, rich in symbolic meaning, circulated among these communities in the Soviet era, and contain political critiques of the Stalin era, based on Islamic and Sufi ethics. These hagiographies, published in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, clearly reveal the continuity of Sufi concepts in Kazakh communities from the medieval period, through to independence, bringing into question the degree to which the Soviet era represented a rupture in the religious lives of Muslim communities. The book also considers the role of Sufi communities in Kazakh kinship structures, and their manifestation during the Soviet era. In this context, it reevaluates much that has been written about "Soviet Islam", questioning the justification for separating the Soviet Union and its Muslim communities from the rest of the "Muslim World". The hagiographies demonstrate that while Sufi communities underwent a degree of Sovietization, as reflected in their stories, this Sovietization was accomplished, ironically, by a parallel "Islamization" of various aspects of the Soviet experience.
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Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan

Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan

by Allen J Frank
Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan

Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhistan

by Allen J Frank

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Overview

The book "Gulag Miracles: Sufis and Stalinist Repression in Kazakhstan", represents the first detailed study of Muslim religious responses to totalitarian repression during the first half of the 20th century, and is therefore of interest to specialists in Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, Russian and Soviet History, Central Asian and Turkic Studies, and Sufi Studies. Based on Kazakh-language hagiographies produced by Sufi communities, the monograph examines how these communities interpreted and explained the experience of repression (anti-religious policies targeting Sufis, collectivization, famine, and mass arrests), and how these communities adjusted to Soviet life after the Second World War. At the center of the study are a series of miracle stories, set in the Gulag, recounting the experiences of saints and other prominent members of these communities with Stalinist repression. These stories, rich in symbolic meaning, circulated among these communities in the Soviet era, and contain political critiques of the Stalin era, based on Islamic and Sufi ethics. These hagiographies, published in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, clearly reveal the continuity of Sufi concepts in Kazakh communities from the medieval period, through to independence, bringing into question the degree to which the Soviet era represented a rupture in the religious lives of Muslim communities. The book also considers the role of Sufi communities in Kazakh kinship structures, and their manifestation during the Soviet era. In this context, it reevaluates much that has been written about "Soviet Islam", questioning the justification for separating the Soviet Union and its Muslim communities from the rest of the "Muslim World". The hagiographies demonstrate that while Sufi communities underwent a degree of Sovietization, as reflected in their stories, this Sovietization was accomplished, ironically, by a parallel "Islamization" of various aspects of the Soviet experience.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9783700183341
Publisher: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
Publication date: 10/01/2019
Series: Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse , #2
Pages: 153
Product dimensions: 5.80(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.40(d)

About the Author

Allen J. Frank is an independent scholar who lives in Takoma Park, Maryland. His major publications include Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia (Brill, 2001), Qurban-Ali Khalidi, An Islamic Biographical Dictionary of the Eastern Kazakh Steppe (co-editor with Mirkasym Usmanov) (Brill, 2005), Bukhara and the Muslims of Russia (Brill, 2012), and Saduaqas Ghilmani, Biographies of Islamic Scholars of Our Times (co-editor with Ashirbek Muminov and Aytzhan Nurmanova) (IRCICA, 2018).

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements 7

Introduction 9

Chapter 1 Muslim Hagiographies and the Social History of Central Asia 17

Central Asian hagiographies as historical sources 17

Hagiographical elements in Muslim compositional genres 19

Regional and thematic aspects of hagiographic traditions 21

Kazakh hagiographies 23

Sources for modern Kazakh hagiographies and shrine catalogs 31

Chapter 2 Sufi Communities and the Significance of Miracles 33

Sufi communities in Central Asia 33

Miracles and sacred lineages 40

Five Ishan lineages in Kazakhstan 47

Chapter 3 Confiscation, Collectivization, and Repression 61

Ishans and the state to 1917 64

Stalinist repression in Kazakhstan 69

Chapter 4 Gulag Miracles and Sacred Relics 85

Gulag miracles 85

Relics and other sacred objects 97

Chapter 5 Accommodation, Sovietization, and Islamization 103

Sacred lineages and the Second World War 105

Ishans and Soviet career paths 109

Saints on the collective farm: Tractor and rain miracles 114

Ishans and Soviet patriotism 115

Conclusion 117

Appendix: Miracles in the Gulag and Tsarist Prisons 119

Bibliography 133

Maps 143

Index 147

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