Table of Contents
About the Author xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface xv
Part I: The Four Pillars of Board Effectiveness 1
Joanne Marker and Board Service 3
Chapter 1 The Four Pillars of Board Effectiveness 9
The First Pillar: People Quality, Diversity, Focus, and Dedication 11
The Second Pillar: Information Architecture 13
The Third Pillar: Structures and Processes 14
The Fourth Pillar: Group Dynamics and Board Culture 16
Chapter 2 Governance Challenges around the World 19
Scientific Lessons from Natural Selection 21
What is Transformational Leadership? 22
Should We Trust Leaders? 23
The Governance DNA 24
Chapter 3 The Successful Director: Values and Character 27
Duty of Care 29
Duty of Loyalty 30
Duty of Compliance (or Obedience) 31
Integrity: A Key Characteristic of Board Directors 31
Chapter 4 The First Pillar: People Quality, Diversity, Focus, and Dedication 35
Quality and Diversity 35
Focus 38
Dedication 39
Chapter 5 The Second Pillar: Information Architecture 43
How Complete is Your Information? 44
Chapter 6 The Third Pillar: Board Structures and Processes 51
Processes 52
Committee Structure 53
Board Secretary 54
Lead Director or Vice Chair 54
Chapter 7 The Fourth Pillar: Group Dynamics and Board Culture 57
Understanding Group Dynamics 59
Coalitions Within a Board are Inevitable – and they Feed into Politics 62
Boards Fall into Traps 64
Drawing Strength from the Board’s Potential 67
Developing Self- awareness 68
Board Culture 69
Summary Table to Part I: The Four Pillars of Board Effectiveness Toolkit 72
Checklist on People Quality, Diversity, Dedication, and Focus 72
Checklist on Information Architecture 73
Checklist on Structures and Processes 73
Checklist on Group Dynamics 75
Part II: Board Failures and Challenges 77
Chapter 8 Four Areas of Board Failure 79
Chapter 9 Risks and Ensuring the Right Board Risk Philosophy 83
Chapter 10 A Board Member’s Practical Guide to Risk Thinking 87
The Physical Health Check: Technical Risks 87
The Mental Health Check: Behaviours 93
The Strategic Risk Check 96
The Governance Risk Check 98
Chapter 11 Elements of Advanced Risk Techniques for Board Members: From Quants to Cyber 101
The Why and How of Quantitative Risk Assessment for Boards 102
Integration of Risks 105
The Outcome of Risk Assessment 105
Cyber Risk 107
Chapter 12 Crisis Management 111
Crisis as a Turning Point 114
There is Work to be Done in Peaceful Times 114
Communication Principles 115
Another Powerful Weapon: Gathering Information 116
A Crisis Will Shed Light on Boardroom Fissures 118
Procedure vs Authenticity 119
Communicate Your Way to Rebuilding Trust 120
Chapter 13 The Four Tiers of Conflicts of Interest 123
Tier-I Conflicts: Individual Directors vs Company 124
Tier-II Conflicts: Directors vs Stakeholders 126
Tier-III Conflicts: Stakeholders vs Other Stakeholders 132
Conflicts of Interest within a Group of Stakeholders 136
Tier-IV Conflicts: Company vs Society 137
Chapter 14 High-level Fraud and Active Board Oversight 143
Why Does High-level Fraud Happen? 145
How to Create an Effective Oversight Environment 153
Tools for Anti-fraud Activities: Assessment, Prevention, Detection, and Investigation 159
Part III: Board Leadership 165
Joanne Marker and Board Values at Comfre 167
Chapter 15 Board Leadership and Values 169
Quality Boards Live and Breathe Integrity 169
Which and Whose Values? 171
Board Values vs Organisational Values 173
Family Values in Business 174
A New Board Arena for Joanne Marker: Chairing the Board 175
Chapter 16 Becoming the Chair 179
The Role of the Chair 179
Effective Chairs are Active 181
Transitioning into the Role of the Chair 182
Chairs as Transformational Leaders 185
Making the Right Decisions about Chairmanship Roles and Styles 187
Managing the Transition 190
Leaving a Lasting Organisational Impact as Board Chair 193
Appendix 16A – Checklist: Board Chairs as Stewards 194
Joanne Marker Enters the Chair Arena 195
Chapter 17 The Chair–CEO Relationship 197
Chair–CEO Dynamics – the Hallmarks of a Productive Relationship 198
Tests of the Chair–CEO Relationship 201
The Ideal Attributes of a Chair to be a Secure Base to the CEO 202
Joanne Marker Confronts Failing Board Culture 205
Chapter 18 The Board–Management Relationship 207
Supervision 207
Support 209
Blurring the Board–Management Relationship 209
Writing Governance Codes is Easier than Changing Behaviours 211
Chapter 19 Effective Diversity 213
Diversity is Good . . . But Why; and When? 213
Diversity as a Considered Choice 214
We Have Embraced Diversity . . . Now What? 221
The Chair’s Role in Building and Nurturing Diversity 222
Chapter 20 Stewardship from the Board 225
Building Upon a Rich Cross-disciplinary Legacy of Thought 227
Psychological, Organisational, and Cultural Influences on Stewardship 227
Steward Leaders Build on their Unique Strengths to Drive Stewardship 227
Steward Leaders Deliver Long-lasting, Meaningful, and Inclusive Impact 228
Becoming a Steward Leader: What it Takes 231
Stewardship Risks 231
Boards are Key to Fostering Stewardship 232
Part IV: Board Best Practices 233
Chapter 21 The Board as a Strategic Asset 235
Five Definitions of Strategy 236
Clarifying the Board’s Role 238
Taking Context into the Mapping Process 241
The Impact of Context on Strategic Views and Roles of the Board 241
The Board’s Ultimate Strategic Significance 242
Chapter 22 Is the Board a Team? 245
Fundamentally, the Board is Not a Team 245
Boards Must Allow for Controlled Instability and Dissent 246
Convictions can be the Fuel in a Board’s Teamwork 247
The Overarching Objective is to Make Boards Cohesive and Potent 249
Ways to Nudge a Board up the Maturity and Potency Curve 250
Effective Board Teams are Adept at Juggling Competing Priorities 254
Potent Boards Know When to Converge and When to Diverge – and Value Both 254
Appendix 22A: Characteristics of a potent board checklist 255
Appendix 22B: Board members’ cultural and cross- cultural competences checklist 256
Chapter 23 A Primer on Finance Essentials for Directors 257
Reading Financial Reports 257
Understanding Ratios to Analyse Operating Strategies 259
Interpreting between the Lines of Financial Statements 261
How to Identify Red Flags in Financial Statements 262
Implementing Desired Capital Structure 263
Understanding Valuation Fundamentals 264
Making Better M&A Decisions 265
Overseeing Risk 267
Chapter 24 The Intricacies of Subsidiary/Holding Governance 271
Structures 273
Culture 275
Chapter 25 Fostering Entrepreneurship from the Board 277
‘Best Practice’ Governance vs Entrepreneurship 278
Boards Should Actively Encourage Entrepreneurship 278
Chapter 26 The Board’s Oversight Framework for M&As 283
Creating a Deal-making Mindset 284
Seeing the Bigger Picture 285
Staging Deals with Maximum Precision 285
Integration 290
Confronting Litigation Involving M&As 291
Acknowledgement 293
Chapter 27 Boards and Oversight of KPIs 295
KPIs are a Language – and are Indispensable for Boards 295
KPIs Need to be Credible to be Useful 296
Zooming in on the KPIs that Matter – and that Tell a Story of How the Company Creates Value 297
KPIs Should Measure What is Critical 297
A Keen Focus on Value Creation 298
KPIs Help Diminish Substantial Business Risks Linked to ESG 299
KPIs and Human Capital 301
A Dynamic Approach to KPIs 301
Hi-tech Display and Review of KPIs 302
A Renaissance of the Balanced Scorecard 304
KPIs for Board Members 304
Appendix 27A 305
Chapter 28 The Talent Pipeline 309
The Board’s Responsibility for Talent Management 309
The New Talent Dynamic: Culture, Values, Community 311
Chapter 29 Human Capital Evolution for Boards 315
Board Responsibility for Human Capital 316
Growing Stakeholder Demands for HCM Disclosure 318
Culture as the Safeguard of Long-term Value Creation 320
Staying Current with Emerging Expectations of the World of Work 321
Chapter 30 Boards and Social Media 323
JP Morgan’s Failed Foray into Twitter Q&A 324
Why Boards Should Understand Social Media 324
What Boards Should Do 326
Acknowledgement 330
Chapter 31 Boards and Investors 331
The Move Toward Increasing Shareholder Engagement 332
The Surge in Shareholder Activism on Boards 334
Chapter 32 Managing Stakeholders 337
Shareholders vs Stakeholders: A Definition 337
How to Identify a Company’s Key Stakeholders 339
The Board can be Instrumental in Shaping the CEO–Stakeholders Conversation 340
The Process of Stakeholder Engagement 340
Anticipating Stakeholders’ Influence and Impact 343
Chapter 33 Board Oversight of Geopolitical Risks and Opportunities 347
Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Resilience has Moved to the Forefront of the Board’s Agenda 347
Geopolitical Competence is Now a Muscle that Boards Must Develop 350
A Toolkit for Addressing Geopolitics 354
Overseeing Management’s Action in Tackling Geopolitical Risk 358
Appendix 33A: Business dimensions affected by geopolitical risk 362
Appendix 33B: Evaluating the board’s geopolitical competence 363
Appendix 33C: Gauging management’s preparedness to handle geopolitical risks 363
Appendix 33D: Overseeing management’s actions in dealing with geopolitical risks 364
Chapter 34 ESG Oversight in the Boardroom 365
Compliance with ESG Requirements 366
ESG Governance Oversight: Shifting from Compliance to Proactive Governance 367
ESG Metrics: Understanding which ESG Factors are Salient 370
Disclosure Oversight: Managing the ESG Narrative 373
Appendix 34A: ESG Questions for the board to reflect on 380
Chapter 35 Assessing and Benchmarking Governance Performance 383
HPB Director Survey 2012–2023 384
People Quality, Diversity, Focus, and Dedication 385
Information: Designing Board Intelligence 389
Structures and Processes: Architecting Governance Excellence 392
Group Dynamics and Culture 394
Conclusion: Orchestrating Governance Excellence 397
Conclusion 399
Index 401
