How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945
The first two decades after the end of the Cold War were characterized by governments' desires to reduce the sizes of their armed forces, not least in order to save money. Hand in hand with this general reduction went an intellectual and doctrinal re-orientation of the armies from conventional warfare to counterinsurgency operations. These trends combined had a deep impact on all armies, in particular in Europe. The geopolitical landscape and the real and perceived threats from terrorist groups allowed for such developments to take place. As a result, capabilities were lost and the current generation of army leaders has lost the ability to think in terms of large-scale, conventional military operations.

Recent changes to the geopolitical situation and current developments in Eastern Europe have resulted in a new shift of thinking. The pendulum has now swung back to large-scale, conventional operations. Once again, this has huge implications for the forces, from training to equipment. Today, armies are growing again in size and all armies look back to the past in order to learn something about the buildup, composition and use of large formations. Lessons that had been learned by armies the hard way and had been the accepted wisdom for decades or even centuries now have to be relearned. It is these lessons from history that this book addresses. What does history tell us about these processes? How did armies prepare and train for a major conflict in times of peace? What internal structure did the armies adopt? What were the problems in the areas of equipment and how could an army ensure that in the case of war enough of the right materiel was available? How did the armies ensure that the doctrine and training used in a small army was adequate for a much enlarged army in the case of total war? All these questions were as relevant then as they are now.

This anthology analyzes a number of case studies and provides insights into themes and topics that characterized the so-called ‘reconstitution’ of armies in their historical and social contexts. The emphasis is on land forces, but air forces and navies of the relevant countries are also included. The period covered is the “age of total war” from the French Revolution to the end of the Second World War, which provides the intellectual framework for the challenges that armies are facing today.
1133500950
How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945
The first two decades after the end of the Cold War were characterized by governments' desires to reduce the sizes of their armed forces, not least in order to save money. Hand in hand with this general reduction went an intellectual and doctrinal re-orientation of the armies from conventional warfare to counterinsurgency operations. These trends combined had a deep impact on all armies, in particular in Europe. The geopolitical landscape and the real and perceived threats from terrorist groups allowed for such developments to take place. As a result, capabilities were lost and the current generation of army leaders has lost the ability to think in terms of large-scale, conventional military operations.

Recent changes to the geopolitical situation and current developments in Eastern Europe have resulted in a new shift of thinking. The pendulum has now swung back to large-scale, conventional operations. Once again, this has huge implications for the forces, from training to equipment. Today, armies are growing again in size and all armies look back to the past in order to learn something about the buildup, composition and use of large formations. Lessons that had been learned by armies the hard way and had been the accepted wisdom for decades or even centuries now have to be relearned. It is these lessons from history that this book addresses. What does history tell us about these processes? How did armies prepare and train for a major conflict in times of peace? What internal structure did the armies adopt? What were the problems in the areas of equipment and how could an army ensure that in the case of war enough of the right materiel was available? How did the armies ensure that the doctrine and training used in a small army was adequate for a much enlarged army in the case of total war? All these questions were as relevant then as they are now.

This anthology analyzes a number of case studies and provides insights into themes and topics that characterized the so-called ‘reconstitution’ of armies in their historical and social contexts. The emphasis is on land forces, but air forces and navies of the relevant countries are also included. The period covered is the “age of total war” from the French Revolution to the end of the Second World War, which provides the intellectual framework for the challenges that armies are facing today.
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How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945

How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945

by Matthias Strohn (Editor)
How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945

How Armies Grow: The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945

by Matthias Strohn (Editor)

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Overview

The first two decades after the end of the Cold War were characterized by governments' desires to reduce the sizes of their armed forces, not least in order to save money. Hand in hand with this general reduction went an intellectual and doctrinal re-orientation of the armies from conventional warfare to counterinsurgency operations. These trends combined had a deep impact on all armies, in particular in Europe. The geopolitical landscape and the real and perceived threats from terrorist groups allowed for such developments to take place. As a result, capabilities were lost and the current generation of army leaders has lost the ability to think in terms of large-scale, conventional military operations.

Recent changes to the geopolitical situation and current developments in Eastern Europe have resulted in a new shift of thinking. The pendulum has now swung back to large-scale, conventional operations. Once again, this has huge implications for the forces, from training to equipment. Today, armies are growing again in size and all armies look back to the past in order to learn something about the buildup, composition and use of large formations. Lessons that had been learned by armies the hard way and had been the accepted wisdom for decades or even centuries now have to be relearned. It is these lessons from history that this book addresses. What does history tell us about these processes? How did armies prepare and train for a major conflict in times of peace? What internal structure did the armies adopt? What were the problems in the areas of equipment and how could an army ensure that in the case of war enough of the right materiel was available? How did the armies ensure that the doctrine and training used in a small army was adequate for a much enlarged army in the case of total war? All these questions were as relevant then as they are now.

This anthology analyzes a number of case studies and provides insights into themes and topics that characterized the so-called ‘reconstitution’ of armies in their historical and social contexts. The emphasis is on land forces, but air forces and navies of the relevant countries are also included. The period covered is the “age of total war” from the French Revolution to the end of the Second World War, which provides the intellectual framework for the challenges that armies are facing today.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781612006017
Publisher: Casemate Publishers
Publication date: 12/11/2019
Pages: 196
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

Matthias Strohn, MSt (Oxon), DPhil (Oxon), FRHistS, is Head of Historical Analysis at the Centre for Historical Analysis and Conflict Research, the British Army’s strategic think tank, Visiting Professor of Military Studies at the University of Buckingham, and a member of the academic faculty at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Matthias was educated at the universities of Münster (Germany) and Oxford. He holds a commission in the German Army and is a member of the military attaché reserve, having served on the defense attaché staffs in London, Paris and Madrid. Prior to this, he served as Military History Instructor at the German Staff College in Hamburg. He deployed to Iraq (with the British Army) and Afghanistan (with both the British Army and the German Bundeswehr). Matthias has published widely on 20th-century German and European military history; he has authored and edited 14 books and numerous articles.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors vi

Editor's Acknowledgments ix

Foreword: The Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith, KCB CBE ADC Gen xi

1 Reconstitution in History: An Overview Dr Paul Latawski 1

2 Phoenix from the Ashes: The Defeat of Prussia and the Prussian Reforms (1806-14) Dr Claus Telp 11

3 'Every Frenchman is permanently requisitioned for the needs of the armies': Mobilisation in France from 1789 Dr Tim Gale 33

4 From Defeat to Rebirth: The Enlargement of the German Army in the Interwar Period (1918-39) Dr Matthias Strohn 53

5 Marking Time: The Expansion of the British Army (1914-16) Colonel Martin Todd 69

6 Never Again? The Role of the Territorial Army in Military Plans for Expansion (1919-39) Dr Alexander Jones 95

7 Rising to the Occasion: US Army Expansion in the World Wars (1900-45) Alexander A. Falbo-Wild 119

8 'This Sacred Trust': Enlarging Armies with Local Forces (1878-1945) Dr Robert Johnson 145

9 What Are the Enduring Lessons? Major General Dr Andrew Sharpe 169

Select Bibliography 187

Index 190

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