Human System Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Findings

by Thomas E. Drabek

Overview

This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environ­ mental management. Each volume is a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental ob­ jective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to understand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other in­ dividual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem. Robert S. DeSanto East Lyme, Connecticut Acknowledgments Compilation of the materials reviewed in this inventory was facilitated greatly by several staff members of the Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware (formerly at The Ohio State University) and the Natural Haz­ ards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461293767
Publisher:	Springer New York
Publication date:	09/30/2011
Series:	Springer Series on Environmental Management
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986
Pages:	509
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.04(d)

Table of Contents

1. The Logic of the Inventory.- The Legacy of the Past.- What Is a Disaster?.- The Search Process.- A Conceptual Taxonomy.- Limitations and Risks.- An Overview.- Selected Bibliography.- 2. Planning.- IA. Individual System Level.- IA1. Event Variation.- IA2. Public Acceptance of Planning.- I A3. Public Preparation.- IA4. Public Belief in Disaster Myths.- IIA. Group System Level.- IIA1. Life Cycles of Emergent Groups.- IIA2. Family Disaster Planning.- IIA3. Family Willingness to Participate in Preparedness Activities.- IIA4. Looting Fears.- III A. Organizational System Level.- IIIA1. General Principles.- IIIA2. Local Emergency Management-Civil Defense Agencies.- III A3. Hospital-Medical Units.- III A4. First Responders.- IIIA5. Mental Health Agencies.- IIIA6. Media Organizations.- IIIA7. Schools.- IVA. Community System Level.- IVA1. The Planning Payoff.- IVA2. Event Variability.- IVA3. Planning Principles.- IVA4. Unique Requirements of Disaster Planning.- IVA5. Community Mental Health Planning.- IVA6. Major Planning Weaknesses.- IVA7. Variability in Extent of Planning.- IVA8. Community Acceptance of Planning.- VA. Society System Level.- VAI. System Variation.- VA2. System Complexity.- VA3. System Changes.- VA4. System Outputs.- VIA. International System Level.- Selected Bibliography.- 3. Warning.- IB. Individual System Level.- IBI. Disaster Warnings as a Social Process.- IB2. Initial Responses.- IB3. Message Qualities.- IB4. Receiver Qualities.- IB5. Confirmation Behavior.- IIB. Group System Level.- IIB1. Group Impacts on Warning Belief.- IIB2. Confirmation and Coalescing Behavior.- IIB3. Earthquake Prediction Responses.- IIIB. Organizational System Level.- IIIB1. Correlates of Organizational Response.- IIIB2. Organization-Public Interface.- IVB. Community System Level.- IVB1. Community Variation in Warning System Composition.- IVB2. Correlates of Community Response.- VB. Society System Level.- VB1. Warning Systems within the U.S.A..- VB2. Warning Systems Outside the U.S.A..- VIB. International System Level.- Selected Bibliography.- 4. Evacuation and Other Forms of Pre-Impact Mobilization.- IC. Individual System Level.- IC1. Pre-evacuation Responses.- IC2. Evacuation Rates and Reasons.- IC3. Receiver Qualities.- IC4. Message Qualities.- IIC. Group System Level.- IIC 1. Group Interactions.- IIC2. Families as Evacuation Units.- IIC3. Shelter Selections.- IIIC. Organizational System Level.- IIIC1. Organizational Leadership in Evacuations.- IIIC2. Organizational Structure and Evacuation Effectiveness.- IIIC3. Media Organization Responses.- IVC. Community System Level.- IVC1. Community Dynamics.- IVC2. Disaster Subcultures.- IVC3. Public Shelter Use.- VC. Society System Level.- VC1. Natural Disaster Evacuations.- VC2. War-Caused Evacuations.- VIC. International System Level.- Selected Bibliography.- 5. Post-impact Emergency Actions.- ID. Individual System Level.- ID 1. Victim Reactions.- ID2. Non-Victim Actions.- ID3. Emotional Responses.- IID. Group System Level.- HD 1. Family Responses.- IID2. Emergent Group Responses.- HID. Organizational System Level.- IIID1. Initial Responses.- IIID2. Emergent Organizations.- IIID3. Stress Effects.- IIID4. Correlates of Effectiveness.- IIID5. Media Organization Responses.- IIID6. Medical Organization Responses.- IVD. Community System Level.- IVD1. Global Community Response Patterns.- IVD2. Correlates of Effectiveness.- IVD3. Community Solidarity.- IVD4. Interorganizational Relations.- IVD5. Emergency Medical Systems.- IVD6. Handling of the Dead.- VD. Society System Level.- VID. International System Level.- VIDI. Societal Response Differences.- VID2. International System Responses.- Selected Bibliography.- 6. Restoration.- IE. Individual System Level.- IE1. Victim Perceptions of the Recovery Process.- IE2. Victim Health Status.- IIE. Group System Level.- IIE1. Differential Participation in the Therapeutic Community.- IIE2. Relatives as Help Sources.- IIE3. Shelter Behaviors.- IIE4. Correlates of Family Recovery.- IIIE. Organizational System Level.- IIIE1. The Recovery Environment.- IIIE2. Emergent vs. Routine Task Structures.- IIIE3. Mental Health Impacts.- IIIE4. Media Responses.- IVE. Community System Level.- IVE1. Dynamics of the Mass Assault.- IVE2. Rise and Demise of the Synthetic Community.- IVE3. Community Conflict Patterns.- IVE4. Looting.- IVE5. Recovery Differentials.- IVE6. Pressures for Normalcy.- IVE7. Social Impacts.- VE. Society System Level.- VE 1. Relief Differentials.- VE2. Relocation.- VIE. International System Level.- VIE1. Public Health Myth.- VIE2. Societal Response Differences.- VIE3. International System Responses.- Selected Bibliography.- 7. Reconstruction.- IF. Individual System Level.- IF1. Findings of Continuity and Positive Impacts.- IF2. Findings of Negative Impacts.- IF3. Findings Suggesting Variation in Impact.- IF4. Children as Victims.- IF5. Secondary Victims.- IF6. Treatment Orientations.- IIF. Group System Level.- IIF1. Disaster Impacts on Family Functioning.- IIF2. Alterations in Family Recovery Capacity.- IIF3. Correlates of Family Adjustment.- IIIF. Organizational System Level.- IIIF1. Organizational Change: Global Patterns.- IIIF2. Organizational Change: Adoption of Innovations.- IIIF3. Organizational Change: Image Alterations.- IIIF4. Emergent Organizations.- IIIF5. Mental Health Needs Assessments and Impacts.- IVF. Community System Level.- IVF1. Blame Assignation Processes.- IVF2. Disaster-Induced Community Change.- IVF3. Housing and Reconstruction Planning Problems.- VF. Society System Level.- VIF. International System Level.- VIF1. Dynamics of the Recovery Process.- VIF2. Societal Variations.- Selected Bibliography.- 8. Hazard Perceptions.- IG. Individual System Level.- IG1. Hazard Awareness and Salience.- IG2. The Role of Experience.- IG3. Other Correlates of Hazard Perception.- IIG. Group System Level.- IIIG. Organizational System Level.- IIIG1. Hazard Perceptions Among Organizational Executives.- IIIG2. Public Education Efforts.- IIIG3. Media Organizations: Coverage and Influence.- IVG. Community System Level.- IVG1. Community Variations in Threat Perceptions.- IVG2. Disaster Subcultures.- VG. Society System Level.- VIG. International System Level.- VIG1. Societal Comparisons.- VIG2. Media Reporting.- Selected Bibliography.- 9. Attitudes toward and the Adoption of Adjustments.- IH. Individual System Level.- IH1. Hazard Adjustments: Impacts and Perceptual Patterns.- IH2. Adoption of Hazard Insurance.- IH3. Attitudes toward Earthquake Predictions.- IH4. Other Adjustments.- IIH. Group System Level.- IIIH. Organizational System Level.- IIIH1. Hazard Manager Actions.- IIIH2. Earthquake Disclosure Legislation.- IIIH3. Hazard Insurance.- IIIH4. Public Education.- IVH. Community System Level.- IVH1. The Impact of Disaster Experience.- IVH2. Correlates of Community Adoption of Hazard Mitigation Adjustments.- IVH3. Anticipating Opposition.- VH. Society System Level.- VH1. Factors Affecting Vulnerability.- VH2. Trends in Mitigation Policy.- VH3. Evaluations of Program Outcomes.- VH4. Predicting the Adoption of Risk Mitigation Adjustments.- VH5. Disaster Relief Policies and Outcomes.- VH6. Factors Influencing Research Applications.- VIH. International System Level.- VIH1. Projections of Disaster Vulnerability.- VIH2. Disaster Assistance.- VIH3. Intersocietal Comparisons.- Selected Bibliography.- 10. Disaster Research: A Strategic Research Site.- The Progress of a Decade.- Priorities for the Future.- Opportunities for Policy and Application.- Candidates for Model Building.- Areas Requiring Exploration.- Payoffs for Sociological Theory.- Master Bibliography.- Author Index.