ICRP Publication 142: Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes

by ICRP (Editor)

Overview

The purpose of this Publication is to provide guidance on radiological protection in industries involving NORM. These industries may give rise to multiple hazards and the radiological hazard is not necessarily dominant. The industries are diverse and may involve exposure to people and the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a potential for significant routine exposure to workers and members of the public if suitable control measures are not considered.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781529726954
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
Publication date:	12/07/2020
Series:	Annals of the ICRP
Pages:	150
Product dimensions:	6.30(w) x 9.30(h) x 0.10(d)

Table of Contents

Guest Editorial 5

Abstract 9

Main Points 11

1 Introduction 13

1.1 Background 13

1.2 Scope 15

1.3 Structure of this publication 17

2 Characteristics of Exposure to Norm 19

2.1 Ubiquity and variability 19

2.2 A cradle-to-grave perspective on NORM 24

3 Application of the Commission's System of Radiological Protection to NORM 27

3.1 Types of exposure situations and categories of exposure 27

3.2 Justification of protection strategies 30

3.3 Optimisation of protection 31

4 Implementation of the System of Radiological Protection to Industrial Processes Involving NORM 35

4.1 Protection of workers 35

4.2 Protection of the public 42

4.3 Protection of the environment 47

5 Conclusions 51

References 53

Annex A Activities Giving Rise to NORM Exposures 57

A.1 Extraction of rare earth elements 57

A.2 Production and use of metallic thorium and its compounds 57

A.3 Mining and processing of ores (other than uranium) 57

A.4 Extraction of oil and gas 58

A.5 Manufacture of titanium dioxide 59

A.6 The phosphate processing industry 59

A.7 The zircon and zirconia industries 60

A.8 Production of metal 60

A.9 Extraction and combustion of coal 60

A.10 Water treatment 61

A.11 Building materials 61

A.12 Legacy sites 62

A.13 References 63

Acknowledgements 65