Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures

by Vasudev Bhaskaran, Konstantinos Konstantinides

Overview

Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures presents an introduction to the algorithms and architectures that underpin the image and video compression standards, including JPEG (compression of still images), H.261 (video teleconferencing), MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 (video storage and broadcasting). In addition, the book covers the MPEG and Dolby AC-3 audio encoding standards, as well as emerging techniques for image and video compression, such as those based on wavelets and vector quantization.
The book emphasizes the foundations of these standards, i.e. techniques such as predictive coding, transform-based coding, motion compensation, and entropy coding, as well as how they are applied in the standards. How each standard is implemented is not dealt with, but the book does provide all the material necessary to understand the workings of each of the compression standards, including information that can be used to evaluate the efficiency of various software and hardware implementations conforming to the standards. Particular emphasis is placed on those algorithms and architectures that have been found to be useful in practical software or hardware implementations.
Audience: A valuable reference for the graduate student, researcher or engineer. May also be used as a text for a course on the subject.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781475723601
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	03/06/2013
Series:	The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science , #334
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995
Pages:	369
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.03(d)

Table of Contents

1 Compression Fundamentals.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Background.- 1.3 Compression Taxonomy.- 1.4 Issues in Compression Method Selection.- 1.5 To Probe Further.- 2 Methods and Standards for Lossless Compression.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Preliminaries.- 2.3 Huffman Encoding.- 2.4 Huffman Decoding.- 2.5 Huffman Codes with Constrained Length.- 2.6 Constrained-Length Huffman Codes: Ad Hoc Design.- 2.7 Constrained-Length Huffman Codes: The Voorhis Method.- 2.8 Golomb and Rice Coding.- 2.9 Arithmetic Coding.- 2.10 Implementation Issues.- 2.11 Standards for Lossless Compression.- 2.12 New Work in JPEG: JPEG-LS.- 2.13 To Probe Further.- 3 Fundamentals of Lossy Image Compression.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Preliminaries.- 3.3 Basic Coding Schemes for Lossy Compression.- 3.4 DCT-based Coding.- 3.5 Fast Algorithms for the DCT.- 3.6 Rate-Distortion Performance of the DCT.- 3.7 To Probe Further.- 4 Fundamentals of Lossy Video Compression.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Video Coding Basics.- 4.3 Rate-Distortion Functions in Video Coding.- 4.4 Motion-Compensated Prediction.- 4.5 Algorithms for Motion Estimation.- 4.6 Motion Estimation Using Low Complexity Matching Criteria.- 4.7 Sub-pixel-Accurate Motion Estimation.- 4.8 Multipicture Motion Estimation.- 4.9 To Probe Further.- 5 The JPEG Standard.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 DCT-based Coding.- 5.3 Processing of Color Images.- 5.4 Design of Quantization Tables.- 5.5 Entropy Coding.- 5.6 JPEG Modes of Operation.- 5.7 Implementation Issues.- 5.8 JPEG Extensions and Applications.- 5.9 To Probe Further.- 6 The MPEG Video Standards.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The MPEG-1 Video Standard.- 6.3 MPEG-1 Implementation Issues.- 6.4 The MPEG-2 Video Standard.- 6.5 The MPEG-4 Coding Standard.- 6.6 Future Directions: MPEG-7.- 6.7 To Probe Further.- 7 Video Teleconferencing Standards.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 H.320 Video Teleconferencing.- 7.3 The H.261 Video Coding Standard.- 7.4 Implementation Issues.- 7.5 H.324 Video Teleconferencing.- 7.6 The H.263 Video Coding Standard.- 7.7 Future Directions.- 7.8 To Probe Further.- 8 Processing Requirements.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Measuring Complexity.- 8.3 Distributing the Load.- 8.4 To Probe Further.- 9 Risc and Dsp Cores.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The RISC Core.- 9.3 The DSP Core.- 9.4 RISC versus DSP.- 9.5 To Probe Further.- 10 Architectures for the DCT.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Vector Processing.- 10.3 Distributed Arithmetic for the DCT.- 10.4 Commercially Available DCT Processors.- 10.2 To Probe Further.- 11 Hardware for Motion Estimation.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Block Matching Using Linear Arrays.- 11.3 Hardware for One-bit Motion Estimation.- 11.4 Sub-pel Motion Estimation.- 11.5 Implementation Examples.- 11.6 To Probe Further.- 12 Hardware for Entropy Coding.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Encoder Implementation.- 12.3 Decoder Implementation.- 12.4 Variable-Length Coding in JPEG.- 12.5 To Probe Further.- 13 Implementation of JPEG Processors.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Data I/O and Memory Interface.- 13.3 Color Conversion.- 13.4 Commercially Available JPEG Processors.- 13.5 To Probe Further.- 14 Integrated Circuits for Video Codersc.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Video Signal Processors.- 14.3 Multimedia Coprocessors.- 14.4 Dedicated Coders.- 14.5 To Probe Further.- 15 Multimedia Enhancements for General Purpose Processors.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Generic Operations in Video Processing.- 15.3 Multimedia Enhancements in the HP-PA.- 15.4 Multimedia Enhancements in the UltraSparc.- 15.5 Multimedia Enhancements in the Intel Architecture.- 15.6 To Probe Further.- 16 Standards for Audio Compression.-16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 The G.72X Standards.- 16.3 Fundamentals of Perceptual Coders.- 16.4 MPEG Audio Encoding.- 16.5 MPEG Audio Decoding.- 16.6 The AC-3 Coding Standard.- 16.7 Future Directions in MPEG.- 16.8 Hardware Implementation of Audio Codecs.- 16.9 To Probe Further.- 17 Nonstandard Compression Techniques.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 Vector Quantization.- 17.3 Subband Coding.- 17.4 Video Coding Schemes for the Desktop.- 17.5 To Probe Further.- A Color Transformations.- B Abbreviations and Symbols.- C Internet Directory.- References.

Editorial Reviews

Introduces the algorithms and architecture that form the underpinnings of the primary image and video compression standards, including JPEG (compressing still images), H.261 (video conferencing), and MPEG-1 and -2 (video storage and broadcasting). Also includes the MPEG and Dolby AC-3 audio coding standing and emerging techniques for image and video compression such as those based on wavelets and vector quantizations. Emphasizes the algorithms and architectures that have been found practical in software or hardware implementations. Assumes some background in high-level hardware design, but no prior knowledge of compression. Conceived as a reference or self-study tutorial, but may also be suitable as an auxiliary text in a graduate course. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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