Inside the Whirlwind

by Jason Alan Carter, Andrew F Walls (Foreword by)

Overview

How would ordinary African Christians interpret the figure and book of Job--the quintessential biblical book on suffering--from contexts of extreme poverty, tropical disease, and rampant suffering? How do African Christians culturally understand issues of theodicy and the nature of evil? What role does the devil play in African Pentecostalism? How does the biblical lament empower faith and foster hope for people living with HIV/AIDS? In what way does a theology of (eschatological) hope inform the spirituality and prayers of ordinary African believers in the midst of suffering? Inside the Whirlwind offers insight on these fascinating questions. Based upon the perspectives of Fang Christians in Spanish-speaking Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa), the thematic and theological reflections on evil, suffering, and hope emerging from sermons and Bible studies on the book of Job offer a remarkable window to view the main theological issues shaping grassroots African Christianity in the twenty-first century.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781498230698
Publisher:	Pickwick Publications
Publication date:	12/09/2016
Series:	African Christian Studies , #15
Pages:	324
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Jason A. Carter is a missionary-professor at Instituto Biblico "Casa de la Palabra" (IBCP) of Equatorial Guinea.

Table of Contents

List of Maps, Tables, and Illustrations ix

Key Lang and Spanish Terms xi

Foreword Andrew F. Walls xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Introduction 1

Part 1 The Hermeneutics-Culture-Praxis Triad

1 Readings of the Book of Job as a Window on African Christianity 13

2 The Fang of Equatorial Guinea: Their History, Beliefs, and Practices 36

3 An Untold Story of African Christianity: Presbyterian and Pentecostal Expressions of the Christian Faith in Equatorial Guinea 75

Part 2 Contextual Readings of the Book of Job: Themes, Theologies, and Trajectories

4 Theodicy and the Nature of Evil: Job between God and the Devil 117

5 The Sting of Retribution and the Promise of Lament: Reading the Book of Job from the Experience of Leprosy and HIV/AIDS 165

6 Hope in Suffering: Prayer, Eschatology, and Jobs Final Liberation 203

Conclusion: African Christianity between Indigenization and Diabolization 237

Appendix 1 The "Pentecostal Deliverance Liturgy" of Apostle Agustin Edu Esono: "Power against Incurable Sicknesses" 255

Appendix 2 Reading the Book of Job at Six Distinct Locations in Equatorial Guinea 262

Bibliography 267

Index 289

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

"Inside the Whirlwind is a wonderful exploration of what a genuine encounter with African Christianity really looks like. This is contextual theology at its best."
—Timothy Tennent, President, Professor of World Christianity, Asbury Theological Seminary &

"Jason Carter's Inside the Whirlwind: The Book of Job through African Eyes is a major intervention in contemporary scholarship on the reading, reception, and uses of the Christian Scriptures in an African context. Through skillfully focusing on the reading practices of Christian communities in the Central African nation of Equatorial Guinea, Carter shows how the Book of Job is creatively mobilized by these readers to address a range of pressing local concerns, including the HIV-AIDS pandemic. He persuasively shows how readers find new grammars of affliction and suffering in the biblical text, using its narratives to offer redemptive interpretations of misfortune. Carter's book will be enthusiastically received by readers within Biblical Studies, Theology, and African Studies."
—Joel Cabrita, Lecturer in World Christianities, University of Cambridge

"In this volume Rev. Dr. Jason Carter provides insights into African religiosity in Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa, focusing particularly on historic missionary Christianity and new Pentecostal and Charismatic expressions. The Book of Job in the Bible is often used as rationalization of the contradiction Africans experience between extreme affluence and extreme destitution. This volume adds penetrating theological insights to the accumulating scholarship on African Christianity in this Third Millennium."
—Jesse N.K. Mugambi, Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Nairobi

"Too much writing on African theology is at home in the university lecture hall but remote from the lives of ordinary Christians in their villages and townships. Jason Carter's study of popular interpretations of the book of Job among the Fang of Equatorial Guinea is a decided exception. Based on careful participant observation and a deep knowledge of Fang cosmology, Carter's book raises profound and unsettling questions for all rose-tinted interpretations of modern African Christianity. He calls on theology in Africa—and by implication in the North as well—to consider afresh whether it is in danger of losing its central focus on the sovereignty of God."
—Brian Stanley, Professor of World Christianity, Director for the Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh

"For many of us living in the affluent West, the book of Job focuses on exceptional suffering, in the context of a mystical cosmic battle, in a world far from our experience. We read it theoretically or when we encounter unexpected loss or suffering, but few of us would look at the book through the eyes of normative living in the context of ongoing spiritual warfare. But for our brothers and sisters in many African contexts, Job's hardships appear as daily realities in the midst of a spiritual clash between God and the Devil. In Inside the Whirlwind, Jason Carter introduces us to people living in these daily realities and shows us how they read the book of Job as a foundation for hope. Inside the Whirlwind opens our eyes to understand suffering, spiritual warfare, and the book of Job as we never have before."
—Paul Borthwick, Development Associates International; Author of Western Christians in Global Mission: What's the Role of the North American Church?

"Through this carefully researched and well written book, a great lacuna is being filled in the study of African Christianity. Much has been heard from Christians in Anglophone, Francophone, and Lusophone Africa, but rarely do we hear from the lone country that makes up Hispanic Africa - Equatorial Guinea. Reading Job in the context of the sufferings of the ordinary Christians of Equatorial Guinea, Carter provides significant theological insights and pastoral resources for addressing the problem of suffering in an African context."
—David T. Ngong, Assistant Professor of Religion and Theology, Stillman College, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Author of Theology as Construction of Piety: An African Perspective

"Inside the Whirlwind addresses an issue of enormous significance to contemporary Christianity, namely how the rapidly growing churches of the global South interpret scripture. Jason Carter here focuses on the Book of Job, a work of enormous relevance to societies deeply acquainted with suffering. He has written a thoughtful, rewarding, and provocative book, from which Northern-world Christians can learn much."
—Philip Jenkins, Distinguished Professor of History, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University

"Carter's Inside the Whirlwind is a tour de force. It is a rich ethnographic and critical contextual reading of Job in Equatorial Guinea when the message of Job resonates fully as Africans and faith communities battle HIV/AIDS. Job's story comforts and challenges stigmatization. This is an extremely valuable resource for contextual studies."
—Elias Kifon Bongmba, Harry and Hazel Chavanne Chair in Christian Theology, Professor of Religion, Rice University

Editorial Reviews

"Inside the Whirlwind is a wonderful exploration of what a genuine encounter with African Christianity really looks like. This is contextual theology at its best."
—Timothy Tennent, President, Professor of World Christianity, Asbury Theological Seminary &

"Jason Carter's Inside the Whirlwind: The Book of Job through African Eyes is a major intervention in contemporary scholarship on the reading, reception, and uses of the Christian Scriptures in an African context. Through skillfully focusing on the reading practices of Christian communities in the Central African nation of Equatorial Guinea, Carter shows how the Book of Job is creatively mobilized by these readers to address a range of pressing local concerns, including the HIV-AIDS pandemic. He persuasively shows how readers find new grammars of affliction and suffering in the biblical text, using its narratives to offer redemptive interpretations of misfortune. Carter's book will be enthusiastically received by readers within Biblical Studies, Theology, and African Studies."
—Joel Cabrita, Lecturer in World Christianities, University of Cambridge

"In this volume Rev. Dr. Jason Carter provides insights into African religiosity in Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa, focusing particularly on historic missionary Christianity and new Pentecostal and Charismatic expressions. The Book of Job in the Bible is often used as rationalization of the contradiction Africans experience between extreme affluence and extreme destitution. This volume adds penetrating theological insights to the accumulating scholarship on African Christianity in this Third Millennium."
—Jesse N.K. Mugambi, Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Nairobi

"Too much writing on African theology is at home in the university lecture hall but remote from the lives of ordinary Christians in their villages and townships. Jason Carter's study of popular interpretations of the book of Job among the Fang of Equatorial Guinea is a decided exception. Based on careful participant observation and a deep knowledge of Fang cosmology, Carter's book raises profound and unsettling questions for all rose-tinted interpretations of modern African Christianity. He calls on theology in Africa—and by implication in the North as well—to consider afresh whether it is in danger of losing its central focus on the sovereignty of God."
—Brian Stanley, Professor of World Christianity, Director for the Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh

"For many of us living in the affluent West, the book of Job focuses on exceptional suffering, in the context of a mystical cosmic battle, in a world far from our experience. We read it theoretically or when we encounter unexpected loss or suffering, but few of us would look at the book through the eyes of normative living in the context of ongoing spiritual warfare. But for our brothers and sisters in many African contexts, Job's hardships appear as daily realities in the midst of a spiritual clash between God and the Devil. In Inside the Whirlwind, Jason Carter introduces us to people living in these daily realities and shows us how they read the book of Job as a foundation for hope. Inside the Whirlwind opens our eyes to understand suffering, spiritual warfare, and the book of Job as we never have before."
—Paul Borthwick, Development Associates International; Author of Western Christians in Global Mission: What's the Role of the North American Church?

"Through this carefully researched and well written book, a great lacuna is being filled in the study of African Christianity. Much has been heard from Christians in Anglophone, Francophone, and Lusophone Africa, but rarely do we hear from the lone country that makes up Hispanic Africa - Equatorial Guinea. Reading Job in the context of the sufferings of the ordinary Christians of Equatorial Guinea, Carter provides significant theological insights and pastoral resources for addressing the problem of suffering in an African context."
—David T. Ngong, Assistant Professor of Religion and Theology, Stillman College, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Author of Theology as Construction of Piety: An African Perspective

"Inside the Whirlwind addresses an issue of enormous significance to contemporary Christianity, namely how the rapidly growing churches of the global South interpret scripture. Jason Carter here focuses on the Book of Job, a work of enormous relevance to societies deeply acquainted with suffering. He has written a thoughtful, rewarding, and provocative book, from which Northern-world Christians can learn much."
—Philip Jenkins, Distinguished Professor of History, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University

"Carter's Inside the Whirlwind is a tour de force. It is a rich ethnographic and critical contextual reading of Job in Equatorial Guinea when the message of Job resonates fully as Africans and faith communities battle HIV/AIDS. Job's story comforts and challenges stigmatization. This is an extremely valuable resource for contextual studies."
—Elias Kifon Bongmba, Harry and Hazel Chavanne Chair in Christian Theology, Professor of Religion, Rice University

From the Publisher