Integrated Inductors and Transformers: Characterization, Design and Modeling for RF and MM-Wave Applications

by Egidio Ragonese, Giuseppe Palmisano, Angelo Scuderi, Tonio Biondi

Overview

With the ability to improve performance, reduce fabrication costs, and increase integration levels of both RX and TX sections of the RF/mm-wave front-end, passive inductive components have experienced extraordinary growth in ICs. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of monolithic inductors and transformers has become essential for all process engineers and circuit designers.

Supplying balanced coverage of the technology and applications, Integrated Inductors and Transformers: Characterization, Design and Modeling for RF and mm-Wave Applications provides a complete overview of the design, fabrication, and modeling of monolithic inductors and transformers. It considers the underlying physics and theoretical background of inductive components fabricated on a semiconductor substrate.

• Deals with both inductors and transformers and their application in RF/mm-wave ICs
• Focuses on silicon-based inductive components and their performance optimization in RF/mm-wave ICs
• Provides insight into lumped scalable modeling of both inductors and transformers
• Covers concepts of system calibration, test pattern parasitics, and de-embedding for on-wafer measurements of passive devices
• Illustrates practical applications of theoretical concepts by means of meaningful circuit design examples

Highlighting the pressing requirements of the wireless market and evolving communication standards, the text provides a comprehensive review of recently developed modeling techniques and applications. It also includes helpful rule-of-thumb design guidelines and commonly employed optimization strategies to help kick-start your design, fabrication, and modeling efforts.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781420088441
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	11/15/2010
Pages:	170
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 0.60(d)

About the Author

Egidio Ragonese, Angelo Scuderi, Tonio Biondi, Giuseppe Palmisano

Table of Contents

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xvii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Organization 5

References 8

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts 9

2.1 Basic Definitions and Loss Mechanisms 9

2.2 Layout Fundamentals 14

2.3 Passive Device Measurements 16

2.3.1 Calibration Accuracy and Residual Error 17

2.3.2 De-Embedding Techniques 20

2.4 Fabrication and Modeling: The State of the Art 25

2.4.1 Fabrication Technology and Advanced Layout Techniques 25

2.4.2 Numerical and Circuit Modeling 27

References 30

Chapter 3 Monolithic Inductors on Silicon 33

3.1 Overview on Silicon Technology 34

3.1.1 Silicon Technologies 34

3.1.2 Fabrication Technology 35

3.2 Substrate Optimization for Inductor on Silicon 36

3.2.1 Comparative Analysis 37

3.2.2 Benefits of Buried Layer PGS 38

3.3 Fabricated Inductors 39

3.3.1 Integrated Inductors for Single-Ended Applications 40

3.3.2 Symmetric Integrated Inductors 41

3.4 Inductance Calculation 44

3.4.1 State-of-the-Art Inductance Equations 45

3.4.2 Modified Current Sheet Expression for Sub-nH Inductors 48

3.4.3 Inductance Modeling of Thick-Metal Inductors 51

3.5 Modeling of Monolithic Inductors 53

3.5.1 Lumped Scalable Model 54

3.5.2 Model Validation 58

References 63

Chapter 4 Analysis and Modeling of Silicon-Integrated Transformers 65

4.1 Substrate Optimization of Transformer on Silicon 67

4.2 Transformer Characterization and Analysis 68

4.3 Modeling of Stacked Transformers 72

4.3.1 Lumped Scalable Model 73

4.3.2 Model Validation 76

References 80

Chapter 5 Design Guidelines and Circuit Design Examples for Inductors and Transformers 83

5.1 Application of Inductive Components in RF/mm-Wave ICs 83

5.2 Inductor Design Guidelines and Optimization Procedures 86

5.3 Transformer Design Guidelines and Optimization Procedures 94

5.4 Circuit Design Examples 101

5.4.1 An Image-Reject Receiver Front-End for 5-GHz WLANs 102

5.4.2 A 17-GHz Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with Transformer-Based Resonator 106

5.4.3 A 24-GHz UWB Transmitter for Automotive Short-Range Radar 110

References 115

Chapter 6 Inductive Components on Dieletric Substrates 121

6.1 IPD Technology 122

6.2 Inductive Components on Glass Substrate 124

6.2.1 5-GHz WLAN Module Architecture 124

6.2.2 IRFs and TX Filters in IPD Technology 126

6.3 Inductive Components on Plastic Substrate 130

References 135

Glossary 137

Index 141