Intelligent Transportation Systems: Smart and Green Infrastructure Design, Second Edition

by Sumit Ghosh, Tony S. Lee

Overview

For many transportation systems, the cost of expanding the infrastructure is too high. Therefore, the focus must shift to improving the quality of transportation within the existing infrastructure. The second edition of a bestseller, Intelligent Transport Systems: Smart and Green Infrastructure Design critically examines the successes and failures of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) during the course of the past decade. The new subtitle reflects this edition’s focus on meta-principles critical to moving ahead and successfully building ITS infrastructures that take advantage of smart/green technologies. The book identifies challenging problems that must be addressed in order to bring real quality of life improvements and positively impact our environmental and civil infrastructure systems.

New in the second edition:

• Coverage of new, efficient green strategies
• Critical review of important developments and implementation of ITS
• Discussion of how to apply new insights and meta-principles to real-world ITS problems

The authors argue strongly for the need to incorporate innovative and creative approaches to transportation problems, based on the fundamental principles and thorough scientific validation. They stress the need for computer modeling and simulation of a representative system to help design and validate such complex, large-scale systems, and the design of new performance metrics to estimate the performance of these systems. They provide a radically different approach to transportation systems design—one that closely resembles reality and promises to yield an architecture that delivers the highest efficiency.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781439835180
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	05/25/2010
Series:	Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series , #44
Pages:	218
Product dimensions:	6.30(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.00(d)

Table of Contents

List of Figures xiii

List of Tables xvii

Preface to the Second Edition xix

Preface to the First Edition xxi

About the Authors xxv

Chapter 1 The State of the Art in ITS 1

1.1 The Broad Scope of ITS 1

1.2 A Working Definition of ITS 2

1.3 Current Status of ITS 2

1.4 A Critical Review of the State of the Art in ITS 4

Chapter 2 New Meta-Level Principles for an Untapped ITS Technological Mine 7

2.1 Meta-Level Principles 7

2.2 The ITS Mine and New Mining Implements 8

2.3 Examples of Formidable Challenges and Amazing Opportunities 11

Chapter 3 Fundamental Issues in Transportation Systems 19

3.1 Principal Characteristics of ITS 20

3.2 Scientific Validation of ITS Designs through Modeling and Simulation 27

Chapter 4 DARYN: A Distributed Decision-Making Algorithm for Railway Networks 29

4.1 Introduction 29

4.2 The DARYN Approach 32

4.2.1 Algorithm 32

4.2.2 Proof of Freedom from Deadlock 35

4.2.3 Modeling DARYN on a Loosely Coupled Parallel Processor 36

4.3 Implementation of DARYN on ARMSTRONG 38

4.4 Performance of DARYN 44

Chapter 5 RYNSORD: A Novel, Decentralized Algorithm for Railway Networks with Soft Reservation 51

5.1 Introduction 51

5.2 The RYNSORD Approach 52

5.3 Modeling RYNSORD on an Accurate, Realistic, and Parallel Processing Test Bed 60

5.4 Implementation Issues 66

5.5 Simulation Data and Performance Analysis 68

Chapter 6 DICAF: A Distributed, Scalable Architecture for IVHS 83

6.1 Introduction 83

6.2 DICAF: A Novel, Distributed, and Scalable Approach to IVHS 90

6.3 Modeling DICAF on an Accurate, Realistic, and Parallel Processing Test Bed 98

6.4 Implementation and Debugging Issues 103

6.5 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis of DICAF 104

Chapter 7 Stability of RYNSORD under Perturbations 127

7.1 Introduction 127

7.2 Formal Definition of Stability of RYNSORD 130

7.3 Modeling RYNSORD for Stability Analysis 133

7.3.1 Implementation Issues 133

7.4 Stability Analysis of RYNSORD 133

7.4.1 Error Criteria for Stability Analysis 133

7.4.2 Steady-State Analysis 134

7.4.3 Perturbations to the Input Rate and Stability Analysis 137

7.4.4 Perturbations to System Characteristics and Stability Analysis 138

7.4.4.1 Perturbations to Interstation and Train-to-Station Communications 140

7.4.4.2 Perturbations Relative to the Track Segments 147

Chapter 8 Modeling and Simulation Techniques for ITS Designs 153

8.1 Introduction 153

8.2 Virtual and Physical Process Migration Strategies for ITS Designs 153

8.2.1 Virtual Process Migration Strategy 154

8.2.2 Physical Process Migration Strategy 156

8.3 Software Techniques Underlying the Process Migration Strategies 158

8.3.1 Software Techniques Underlying VPM 158

8.3.2 Software Techniques Underlying PPM 162

8.4 Implementation Issues 165

8.5 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis 166

Chapter 9 Future Issues in Intelligent Transportation Systems 173

Chapter 10 Description of the RYNSORD Simulator on CD-ROM and Scope of Experiments 175

10.1 Installation 175

10.2 Overview 176

10.3 Getting Ready to Run 177

10.3.1 network.out 177

10.3.2 Helper Scripts 178

10.3.3 Input Generation 178

10.3.4 Output Files 178

10.3.5 Troubleshooting 179

10.3.5.1 How You Know It Is Working 179

10.3.5.2 Problems 180

10.3.6 Track and Communication Failures 180

10.4 Conclusions 180

Bibliography 181

Index 187

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

The strengths of the book include the advanced concepts and innovative thinking about ITS and its role in transportation. The authors make some persuasive arguments for change as well as providing some practical examples of 'how to' change and 'what you get' for the effort to make changes. The book provides a good definition and explanation of ITS, very good examples of ITS challenges, the need for scientific validation, and a very useful and well stated list of characteristics of ITS. The book correctly appeals to both students and professionals in the industry. Inertia is a powerful force (as noted in the text) and the new way must be explained and 'sold' as part of an information marketplace. I would definitely use the book in teaching a transportation engineering curriculum or any class in systems or operations analysis. There are several broad topics that are pertinent for several disciplines as well as enough transportation discussion to make the text relevant for the engineering classes in most programs. I would also use it in research as the topics in the main chapters are substantial and may provide a range of interesting research avenues for professors and students. Operations and computer simulation professionals would appear to benefit from the techniques and as well as the ideas.
—Tim Lomax, Texas Transportation Institute

In its current form, this book would be a very useful addition to the transportation/ITS literature. The writers are certainly aware of the concomitant issues and have done a good job of writing their particular take on the topic. A key question is: can ITS, a relatively nascent industry make money? For this, ITS needs to be studied as an industry, namely, how will it grow? how is it inextricably linked with other industries? and how can it lead to job and wealth creation? ITS has many levels: technical, operational, business, policy, financing, and political. This book focuses on the technical and operational levels of ITS.
—Chelsea C. White, III, Georgia Institute of Technology

"… a highly original work in rail and vehicle routing simulation and modeling and will be extremely useful in research. It would be very good in the educational setting, especially given the basic software which could be enhanced and improved in the future by the authors and other researchers. Most advanced nations and the third world countries have the need to educate their transportation professional in advanced traffic management strategies since building your way out of traffic congestion is impossible. These are very complex choices and intelligent tools are needed to assess the potential benefits before expensive deployments. Specifically, the DTMC concept is excellent. Current intersection signal controllers have huge processing and computing powers and would make a nice implementation application…"
—Raj Ghaman, Former Manager of ITS Research, US Department of Transportation

Editorial Reviews

"The strengths of the book include the advanced concepts and innovative thinking about ITS and its role in transportation. The authors make some persuasive arguments for change as well as providing some practical examples of ‘how to' change and ‘what you get' for the effort to make changes. … Operations and computer simulation professionals would appear to benefit from the techniques and as well as the ideas."
—Tim Lomax, Texas Transportation Institute

"… a very useful addition to the transportation/ITS literature. The writers are certainly aware of the concomitant issues and have done a good job of writing their particular take on the topic."
—Chelsea C. White, III, Georgia Institute of Technology

The strengths of the book include the advanced concepts and innovative thinking about ITS and its role in transportation. The authors make some persuasive arguments for change as well as providing some practical examples of ‘how to' change and ‘what you get' for the effort to make changes. The book provides a good definition and explanation of ITS, very good examples of ITS challenges, the need for scientific validation, and a very useful and well stated list of characteristics of ITS. The book correctly appeals to both students and professionals in the industry. Inertia is a powerful force (as noted in the text) and the new way must be explained and ‘sold' as part of an information marketplace. I would definitely use the book in teaching a transportation engineering curriculum or any class in systems or operations analysis. There are several broad topics that are pertinent for several disciplines as well as enough transportation discussion to make the text relevant for the engineering classes in most programs. I would also use it in research as the topics in the main chapters are substantial and may provide a range of interesting research avenues for professors and students. Operations and computer simulation professionals would appear to benefit from the techniques and as well as the ideas.
—Tim Lomax, Texas Transportation Institute

In its current form, this book would be a very useful addition to the transportation/ITS literature. The writers are certainly aware of the concomitant issues and have done a good job of writing their particular take on the topic. A key question is: can ITS, a relatively nascent industry make money? For this, ITS needs to be studied as an industry, namely, how will it grow? how is it inextricably linked with other industries? and how can it lead to job and wealth creation? ITS has many levels: technical, operational, business, policy, financing, and political. This book focuses on the technical and operational levels of ITS.
—Chelsea C. White, III, Georgia Institute of Technology

"… a highly original work in rail and vehicle routing simulation and modeling and will be extremely useful in research. It would be very good in the educational setting, especially given the basic software which could be enhanced and improved in the future by the authors and other researchers. Most advanced nations and the third world countries have the need to educate their transportation professional in advanced traffic management strategies since building your way out of traffic congestion is impossible. These are very complex choices and intelligent tools are needed to assess the potential benefits before expensive deployments. Specifically, the DTMC concept is excellent. Current intersection signal controllers have huge processing and computing powers and would make a nice implementation application…"
—Raj Ghaman, Former Manager of ITS Research, US Department of Transportation

From the Publisher