Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 11
Introduction 13
Part A Didactic Foundations of Cultural Learning and Teaching 29
1 Conceptualizing and Promoting Cultural Learning in ELT 31
1.1 Understanding Otherness as an Interculfural Objective 34
1.1.1 Conceptual Limitations of Understanding Otherness 36
1.1.2 Reconsideration of Understanding Otherness 41
1.2 Competences and Literacies in the Context of Intercultural Learning 44
1.2.1 Intercultural Communicative Competence 45
1.2.2 Objections to Intercultural Communicative Competence 51
1.3 Broadening the View to Transcultural Approaches 54
1.3.1 Transcultural Competences f 55
1.3.2 Transculturality and the Relevance of "Third Space" 58
1.3.3 Critical Reflection of Transculturality and Transcultural Learning 62
2 Key Facets of Young Adult Literature in the EFL-Classroom 67
2.1 Literature in Cultural Learning 68
2.1.1 Young Adult Literature and Understanding Otherness 73
2.1.2 The Influence of Fiction on Readers' Personality 75
2.2 Teaching Cultural Contents 78
2.2.1 Multilayered Cultures 80
2.2.2 From Hybridity to Standards? 82
2.3 Developing Cultural Competences 84
2.3.1 Models of Staged Development 85
2.3.2 The Empirical Investigation of Cultural Learning 91
2.3.3 Challenges of Assessing Cultural Competences 97
3 Canadian Literature and Content in ELT Guidelines and Teaching Material 107
3.1 Literary Texts in EFL Classrooms and Curricula 108
3.2 The Case of Canada 115
3.3 Canada in Current German Textbooks and Teaching Material 120
3.4 Canadian Literature for Young Readers in the Current TEFL Debate 132
Part B Transferring the Reflections on Otherness: Canadian Young Adult Fiction 137
4 Canadian Literature for Young Readers 139
4.1 The Development of Canadian Literature for Young Readers 139
4.1.1 Early Canadian Literature for Young Readers: 1767 to 1900 140
4.1.2 Family and Animal Stories, Awards and Popularity: 1900 to 1967 144
4.1.3 The Founding of Centers and Publishers: 1967 to 1980 146
4.1.4 Promotion, Multicultural Orientation and Education: 1980 to 2000 148
4.1.5 Development and Challenges since 2000 151
4.2 Characteristics of (Current) Canadian Children's Literature 157
4.2.1 Reflections on National Identity 158
4.2.2 Region, Place, Nature, and Environment 163
4.2.3 Immigration and Multiculturalism 165
4.2.4 Canadian Children's Literature as Global Literature 167
5 Exploration of Selected Canadian Texts for Young Readers 169
5.1 "You Can Handle Both Worlds": Ruby Slipperjack's Little Voice 171
5.1.1 Otherness and Transcultural Topoi 172
5.1.2 Teaching Implications 175
5.2 "A Road (Not) Taken": Eric Walter's Run 179
5.2.1 Otherness and Transcultural Topoi 179
5.2.2 Teaching Implications 182
5.3 "What a Great Story You Have Travelled": Hiromi Goto's The Water of Possibility 189
5.3.1 Otherness and Transcultural Topoi 189
5.3.2 Teaching Implications 195
6 Canadian Young Adult Fiction and Cultural Learning 199
6.1 From Inter- to Transcultural Awareness 199
6.2 Mirroring of Balanced Multicultural Identities 201
6.3 Non-Identification as a Basis for Perceiving Otherness 203
6.4 Mechanisms of Exclusion and Integration 205
Part C Transcultural Perspectives on Using Literature in ELT: Identity Beyond Dichotomies 209
7 Re-investigation of Key Facets 211
7.1 Ties that B(1)ind Cultural Representations and Identification? 211
7.1.1 Blind Spots of Transcultural Representations 217
7.1.2 Revisiting Empathy and Tolerance 227
7.1.3 Re-evaluating Otherness and Identification 231
7.2 Approaching Transcultural Literature 237
7.2.1 Countering Realistic Fiction 240
7.2.2 Offering Alternatives to Negotiate Transcultural Identity 247
7.2.3 Toward Transcultural Literature 251
8 Procedures of Developing Cultural Competences 259
8.1 Methodological Considerations 260
8.2 Classroom Procedures of Understanding Self and Other in Classes 7 to 10 268
8.2.1 "Fold Your Answer": Tasks and Methods for Little Voice 271
8.2.2 "Agree or Disagree": Tasks and Methods for Run 274
8.2.3 "The Other Person": Tasks and Methods for The Water of Possibility 275
8.3 New Approaches to Teaching and Assessing Cultural Competences 278
9 Critical Discussion and Perspectives 285
9.1 Potential and Consequences of Teaching Culture: Identity and Alterity … 286
9.1.1 Identity Formation and Identity Competence 287
9.1.2 Awareness of Alterity 301
9.2 Teachers' Competences in Transcultural Learning Environments 307
9.3 Further Desiderata for Future Research 309
Conclusion 313
Bibliography 323
I Primary Literature 323
II Secondary Literature 329
III Textbooks 371
IV Curricula 375
V Online References 377
