Introducing Forced Migration

by Patricia Hynes

Overview

At a time when global debates about the movement of people have never been more heated, this book provides readers with an accessible, student-friendly guide to the subject of forced migration.

Readers of this book will learn who forced migrants are, where they are and why international protection is critical in a world of increasingly restrictive legislation and policy. The book outlines key definitions, ideas, concepts, points for discussion, theories and case studies of the various forms of forced migration. In addition to this technical grounding, the book also signposts further reading and provides handy Key Thinker boxes to summarise the work of the field’s most influential academics. Drawing on decades of experience both in the classroom and in the field, this book invites readers to question how labels and definitions are used in legal, policy and practice responses, and to engage in a richer understanding of the lives and realities of forced migrants on the ground.

Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in courses related to migration and diaspora studies, Introducing Forced Migration will also be valuable to policy-makers, practitioners, journalists, volunteers and aid workers working with refugees, the internally displaced and those who have experienced trafficking.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781138055483
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	03/31/2021
Series:	Rethinking Development
Pages:	242
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Patricia Hynes is a Reader in Forced Migration in the School of Applied Social Studies, University of Bedfordshire, UK.

Table of Contents

List of figures and maps xiii

List of tables xv

List of boxes xvi

Preface xviii

Acknowledgements xxi

1 Introduction to the study of forced migration 1

Introduction 1

Legal instruments and definitions 7

Important considerations and caveats when studying forced migration 8

Which organisations assist people who migrate? 10

Who are international migrants? 12

Wlto are forced migrants? 13

Key theories of migration and forced migration 15

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 19

Outline of the book 21

Further reading 23

References 23

2 Who is a 'refugee' and who is an 'asylum seeker'? 26

Introduction 26

Who is a refugee? 27

Who is a refugee under international law? 33

Regional mechanisms 35

Wlio is an asylum seeker, and who has the light to seek asylum from persecution? 36

Globally how many people are refugees? 37

Palestinian refugees 40

Where do refugees come from? 40

Where are the world's refugees hosted? 41

Statelessness 43

Protracted refugee situations 45

What solutions are available for people who flee persecution? 51

The power of definition: labelling refugees, forced migrants and the forcibly displaced 54

Further reading 58

References 58

3 Who is an 'internally displaced person'? 60

Introduction 60

Who is an Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)? 61

The Kampala Convention and the Great Lakes IDP Protocol 64

Where are people internally displaced? 64

The needs of IDPs 71

Further risks and needs 72

The possibility of 'durable solutions'? 74

Internal 'human trafficking' 76

Researching internal displacement - methodological, data collection and statistical challenges 77

Further reading 79

References 79

4 Who is a 'victim' or 'survivor' of trafficking? 80

Introduction 80

Who is a 'victim' of human trafficking? 81

What are the key issues with the Palermo Protocol definition? 86

What are the differences between 'human trafficking' and 'human smuggling'? 91

Evidence, statistics, estimates and monitoring mechanisms 92

Wiry are people trafficked? 94

Who is trafficked worldwide? 97

Who are the 'traffickers'? 101

Current geography of human trafficking 102

Further reading 114

References 115

5 Mixed movements of people and human rights 118

Introduction 118

'Root causes' or drivers of forced migration 119

What are human rights? 122

The International Bill of Rights and subsequent international instruments 125

What form do human rights take? 126

Key critiques of human rights 127

Human rights and forced migration 133

The right to asylum 135

Mixed movements and mixed migration 138

Further reading 139

References 140

6 'Children on the move' and the 'displaced child' 142

Introduction 142

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 143

Teminology shifts 145

Who is a child? Who are children on the move? What are their migration pathways? 147

What do we know about 'children on the move'? 153

Are children an inherently 'vulnerable' group? 162

'Women and children', men and boys 164

Safe spaces, advocates and guardians 168

Further reading 171

References 171

7 Understanding legislative and policy responses and ethical imperatives 174

Introduction 174

20th-century responses 174

21st-century responses 181

Working with and/or conducting ethically informed research with displaced populations 188

Some scenarios for considering ethical research 192

Beyond 'Do no harm' in research with people in situations of forced migration 194

Further reading 195

References 195

8 Contemporary issues, the refugee 'crisis' and proposed 'solutions' 197

Introduction 197

The Rohingya from Myanmar 197

The Mediterranean 'migration crisis' 200

Human smuggling and human trafficking 201

The quest for solutions - Refuge, Refugia, island nations and rights-based approaches 203

Today's 'children on the moue' 208

COVID-19 210

Race, racism and Black Lives Matter 210

Concluding remarks 211

Further reading 212

References 212

Index 215

Editorial Reviews

"Patricia Hynes’ Introducing Forced Migration is an eclectic and extremely accessible exploration of this widely deployed but complex concept. Based on a rich variety of sources - summaries of ‘key thinkers’, key websites, extensive research and literature references, legal instruments, case studies – the book provides a comprehensive foundational understanding of forced migration, constituting a valuable resource for scholars, students and informed laypeople." – Roger Zetter, Professor Emeritus in Refugee Studies, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, UK

"With human stories and an appeal for social justice and human rights at its heart, this is a book that unravels complexities of definition, reveals misleading simplicity behind labels and counters popular and media-driven assumptions. It demonstrates how flawed international policy responses are based on little understanding. Essential reading for students, researchers, policy-makers and practitioners, the book critiques how the international community has responded. It signposts the need for political courage, vision and collaboration to create a context where hope can replace fear and diverse peoples can be protected from abuse, and their wellbeing enhanced in safer places." — Michael Preston-Shoot, Emeritus Professor of Social Work, University of Bedfordshire, UK

"This is a truly remarkable book that manages to introduce not only the complex issues of refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people, the trafficked and others under the heading of ‘forced migration’, but also bring in the key thinkers and writers on these subjects. It does so in a manner that is beautifully clear and accessible to students and a wider audience. The organisation of the material and the maps, graphs, photographs and other graphics are superb. Up to date, it is a brilliant introduction to one of the most pressing issues of the twenty first century." — Tony Kushner, Professor, Parkes Institute, University of Southampton, UK, and author of The Holocaust and Forced Migration (2017).

"The book is a first-rate introduction to the subject of forced migration. It not only clarifies different terms, concepts, and approaches, but also provides concise discussion, backed by case studies, of the legal, social and political dimensions of the principal categories of forced migrants viz., refugees, internally displaced persons and trafficked persons. I would recommend the book to anyone wanting to understand one of the most important issues of our times." — B.S.Chimni, Distinguished Professor of International Law, O.P. Jindal Global University, India

"If you want a comprehensive resource on forced migration, Introducing Forced Migration is the textbook for you. Hynes offers critical definitions and policy perspectives that cover topics from the distinctions between refugees and asylum-seekers to human trafficking and displaced children. This book helpfully takes the reader through concepts and complexities of some of the most pressing migration concerns of today, including policy failures pertaining to the Rohingya and the Mediterranean ‘crisis’." – Cathy Zimmerman, Professor Migration, Violence and Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK

"Patricia Hynes’ contribution to Routledge’s Rethinking Development series, Introducing Forced Migration, provides the ground upon which to erect a serious and wellrounded class, which can address the many complex and interrelated issues pertaining to refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people, and persons who have been smuggled or trafficked. Throughout, there are ample occasions for teachers to use this text as a springboard for class discussions and assignments. Hynes includes prompts and questions about policy matters, definitions, research, fieldwork, ethics of working with displaced people, and the array of ways in which students can get involved in the field." - Robert F. Barsky, Professor, Vanderbilt University

"There are many challenges facing educators who hope to provide a sufficiently comprehensive overview of the various texts and concepts associated with forced migration. Whether the course is formally taught in a law school, or in any of the array of university departments that teach migration, it is difficult to account for the wide range of historical, anthropological, political, sociological, ethical, legal, humanistic, and, therefore, interdisciplinary perspectives that necessarily permeate the study of forced migration. Fortunately, Patricia Hynes’ contribution to Routledge’s Rethinking Development series, Introducing Forced Migration, provides the ground upon which to erect a serious and well-rounded class, that can address the many complex and interrelated issues pertaining to refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people, and persons who have been smuggled or trafficked." - Robert F Barsky, International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 33, Issue 3, October 2021, Pages 530–533

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