Introduction to Complex Mediums for Optics and Electromagnetics

by Werner S. Wieglhofer (Editor), A. Lakhtakia (Editor)

Overview

This book is a collection of essays to explain complex mediums for optical and electromagnetic applications. The genesis of this book lies in a series of conferences organized at the successive Annual Meetings of SPIE from 1999 to 2002. The scope of Conference 3790, Engineered Nanostructural Thin Films and Materials, was not fully explained by its title. Subsequently, Conference 4097 was entitled Complex Mediums. Further explication being needed, Conference 4467 was named Complex Mediums II: Beyond Linear Isotropic Dielectrics and was followed by Conference 4806 Complex Mediums III: Beyond Linear Isotropic Dielectrics. All four were organized by me, very ably assisted by Werner S. Weiglhofer, Russell F. Messier, Ian J. Hodgkinson, Martin W. McCall, and Graeme Dewar. A multitude of CME researchers participated wholeheartedly.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780819449474
Publisher:	SPIE Press
Publication date:	08/28/2003
Series:	SPIE Press Monograph Series
Pages:	776
Product dimensions:	7.16(w) x 10.02(h) x 1.90(d)

Table of Contents

	Foreword	xxi
	Preface	xxv
	List of Contributors	xxxi
Part I	General
	Separating Field and Constitutive Equations in Electromagnetic Theory	3
	The beginnings	4
	Georgi's rationalization	5
	Georgi version of Minkowski electrodynamics	7
	SR(3)'s suffocating hold on field theories	11
	Mathematical specifics	14
	Conclusion	22
	References	24
	Constitutive Characterization of Simple and Complex Mediums	27
	Introduction: the curtain rises	28
	Basics: the Maxwell equations	30
	Setting the stage: constitutive relations	32
	Exploring the stage: simple mediums	34
	A plethora of complex mediums	37
	Regulating the stage: symmetries and constraints	49
	Preparing the stage: homogenization	53
	Concluding remarks	55
	References	55
	Isotropic Chiral Materials	63
	Introduction	64
	Polarization: the simple truth	65
	Circular birefringence and circular dichroism	67
	A digression on vectors	70
	Electromagnetic fields in a chiral material	72
	Essential reading	76
	References	76
	Point Group Symmetries	79
	Point groups	80
	Physical property tensors	82
	Tensor distinction of domains in ferroic crystals	83
	Domain tensors and tensor invariants	92
	Domain average engineering of ferroics	94
	Conclusions	96
Appendix A	Point group symbols	96
Appendix B	Form of tensors	97
	References	98
Part II	Nonlinear Optical Materials
	Nonlinear Optics Using Semiconductor Quantum Wells	105
	Introduction	106
	Theoretical nonlinear optics	108
	Quantum wells	110
	Second-order quasi-phase-matching	113
	Third-order nonlinearity	116
	Conclusions	118
	References	118
	Organic Thin-Film Photorefractive Materials	121
	Introduction	122
	Photorefractive polymers	123
	Engineering photorefractive polymers	124
	Wave mixing in photorefractive polymers	127
	Real-time edge enhancement	131
	Edge-enhanced correlation	133
	Conclusion	136
	References	137
	Optical Energy Harvesting Materials	141
	Introduction	142
	Precepts from photobiology	143
	Resonance energy transfer	145
	Dendrimers	149
	Rare-earth materials for energy pooling	151
	Energy pooling in multichromophore arrays	155
	The future of energy pooling	157
	References	158
Part III	Magnetic Materials
	Magnetoelectric Effects in Insulating Magnetic Materials	167
	Introduction	168
	Thermodynamic potential	169
	Linear and bilinear magnetoelectric effects	172
	Spontaneous magnetoelectric effects and related phenomenons	178
	Selected applications	181
	Conclusions	187
	References	188
	Magneto-optics: A Critical Review	197
	Introduction	198
	Linear magneto-optics of bulk material	201
	Envelopes in a waveguide	207
	Complex planar waveguide	213
	Vector solitons	216
	Concluding remarks	217
	References	219
	Static and Dynamic Magnetoelasticity	223
	Introduction	224
	Magnetoelastic interaction	225
	Static and dynamic measurements	236
	Villari and [Delta]E effects	239
	Wiedemann effect	240
	Conclusion	241
	References	242
	Frequency Shifts Induced by a Time-Varying Magnetoplasma Medium	245
	Introduction	246
	Frequency change due to a temporal discontinuity in the medium properties	246
	Time-varying plasma medium	248
	Sudden creation of an unbounded plasma medium	251
	Switched plasma slab	253
	Applications	254
	Time-varying magnetoplasma medium	255
	Conclusion	262
	References	264
	Magnetoimpedance in Multilayered Films for Miniature Magnetic Sensors	267
	Introduction	268
	Analysis of MI in multilayer structures	269
	Asymmetric magnetoimpedance (AMI)	275
	Experimental methods	278
	Film preparation and experimental results	280
	Practical MI sensor design	286
	Conclusions	288
	References	289
Part IV	Composite Materials
	Metamaterials: An Introduction	295
	Introduction	296
	Conventional macroscopic composites	297
	Examples of metamaterials	303
	Electromagnetic metamaterials	306
	Conclusions	313
	References	314
	Homogenization of Linear and Nonlinear Complex Composite Materials	317
	Introduction	318
	Preliminaries	319
	Conventional approaches to homogenization	322
	SPFT homogenization	325
	Weakly nonlinear regime	330
	Concluding remarks	337
	Appendix 1	338
	Appendix 2	341
	References	342
	Negative Phase-Velocity Mediums	347
	Introduction	348
	Phenomenology	350
	Experimental evidence	354
	Terminology	357
	Research trends	357
	Concluding remarks	358
	References	359
	Scattering Theory of Photonic Crystals	365
	Introduction	366
	Scattering theory of photonic crystals	367
	Two-dimensional photonic crystals	378
	Resonant modes	385
	Current problems and future directions	388
	Concluding remarks	390
	References	390
Part V	Nanostructured Materials
	Optical Properties of Metal-Dielectric Films	397
	Introduction	398
	Generalized Ohm's law approximation and giant fluctuations of local electromagnetic fields	399
	Surface plasmon polaritons	403
	Resonant transmission	404
	Light-induced resonant transmission	408
	Extraordinary optical transmittance through nanoholes	409
	Electric and magnetic resonances	411
	Light circuiting in nanoholes	413
	Concluding remarks	414
	References	415
	Nanostructured Thin Films	421
	Introduction	422
	Nanostructured films containing conductors: an overview	426
	Thin films containing nanoparticles	429
	Metal thin films on dielectric nanoparticles and nanostructures	438
	Dense arrays, clusters touching particles	440
	Conclusions	442
	References	443
	The Past, the Present, and the Future of Sculptured Thin Films	447
	Introduction	448
	From columnar to sculptured thin films	449
	Electromagnetic field equations	458
	Applications of STFs	461
	Future research directions	467
	References	468
	Towards Optoelectronic Applications of Chiral Sculptured Thin Films	479
	Introduction	480
	Preliminaries	481
	Chiral sculptured thin films	484
	Full electromagnetic analysis	486
	The optical response of a CSTF to axial excitation	488
	Coupled-wave techniques	491
	The multireflectivity model of CSTFs	493
	Applications	495
	Conclusion	502
	References	504
	Electromagnetics of Carbon Nanotubes	507
	Introduction	508
	Electron transport in carbon nanotubes	509
	Linear electrodynamics of carbon nanotubes	515
	Nonlinear processes in nanotubes	524
	Quantum electrodynamics of carbon nanotubes	532
	Conclusion	539
	References	540
Part VI	Patterns and Statistics
	Randomness in Complex Materials	549
	Introduction	550
	Raw material for self-organization	551
	Random lasing in scattering solid-state materials	552
	Ease of manufacturing	559
	Uniformization of optical roperties	563
	Conclusion	564
	References	566
	Nonlinear Spatial Structures	571
	General introduction	572
	Pattern formation in nonlinear optics	576
	Solitonlike self-localized structures	580
	Conclusions	585
	References	585
	Statistical Approaches to Scattering	591
	Introduction	592
	Elements of the statistical vocabulary	592
	The statistical approach	594
	Application I: Crosstalk	595
	Transmission-line coupling	600
	Results	601
	Conclusion	606
	References	606
	Elastic Orthonormal Beams and Localized Fields	609
	Introduction	610
	Basic relations	612
	Superpositions of longitudinal eigenwaves	621
	Superpositions of transverse eigenwaves	627
	Complex field structures	634
	Conclusion	637
	References	638
Part VII	Measurements
	Polarimeter for Anisotropic Optically Active Materials	645
	Introduction	646
	Optical activity	649
	Principle of high-accuracy universal polarimeter (HAUP)	651
	Examples of experimental results	660
	Chiral physics	669
	References	671
	Generalized Ellipsometry	677
	Introduction	678
	Experimental	679
	Birefringence in stratified mediums	679
	Generalized ellipsometry	680
	Light propagation in layered anisotropic mediums	684
	Generalized ellipsometry data analysis	688
	A survey of birefringent material applications	690
	Conclusions	703
	References	704
	In memoriam: Werner S. Weiglhofer
	Professor Werner S. Weiglhofer (1962-2003)	713
	Personal Memories of Werner S. Weiglhofer	719
	Werner S. Weiglhofer--A Personal Tribute	721
	Memories of Werner S. Weiglhofer	723
	My Friend Werner	725
	Published Scientific Works of Werner S. Weiglhofer	731
	Index	749