Introduction to Genetic Analysis / Edition 12

by Anthony Griffiths

Overview

The new 12th edition of Introduction to Genetic Analysis takes this cornerstone textbook to the next level. The hallmark focus on genetic analysis, quantitative problem solving, and experimentation continues in this new edition.

The 12th edition also introduces SaplingPlus, the best online resource to teach students the problem solving skills they need to succeed in genetics. SaplingPlus combines Sapling's acclaimed automatically graded online homework with an extensive suite of engaging multimedia learning resources.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	2901319114786
Publication date:	01/02/2020
Pages:	816
Product dimensions:	6.50(w) x 1.50(h) x 9.50(d)

Table of Contents

	Preface	xi
	General Aspects of Inheritance
1	Genetics and the Organism	1
	Genes as Determinants of the Inherent Properties of Species	3
	Genetic Variation	10
	Methodologies Used in Genetics	13
	Genes, the Environment, and the Organism	15
2	Patterns of Inheritance	27
	Mendel's Experiments	28
	Using Genetic Ratios	37
	Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Inheritance	38
	Human Genetics	40
3	Chromosomal Basis of Heredity	67
	Historical Development of the Chromosome Theory	68
	Mendelian Genetics in Eukaryotic Life Cycles	76
	Topography of the Chromosome Set	85
	Three-Dimensional Structure of Chromosomes	89
	Sequence Organization	94
4	Gene Interaction	105
	From Genes to Phenotypes	106
	A Diagnostic Test for Alleles	106
	Interactions Between the Alleles of One Gene	109
	Gene Interaction and Modified Dihybrid Ratios	114
	Gene Interaction in Petal Color of Foxgloves	119
	Gene Interaction in Coat Color of Mammals	120
	Penetrance and Expressivity	124
	Chi-Square Test	124
	Genetic Mapping
5	Basic Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping	141
	The Discovery of Linkage	142
	Recombination	144
	Linkage Symbolism	145
	Linkage of Genes on the X Chromosome	146
	Linkage Maps	147
	Three-Point Testcross	150
	Interference	151
	Calculating Recombinant Frequencies from Selfed Dihybrids	152
	Examples of Linkage Maps	153
	Chi-Square Test for Linkage	153
	Mapping with Molecular Markers	157
	Linkage Mapping by Recombination in Humans	157
	Nature of Crossing-Over	160
6	Specialized Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping Techniques	175
	Accurate Calculation of Large Map Distances	176
	Analysis of Single Meioses	179
	Mapping Genes by Mitotic Segregation and Recombination	186
	Mapping by In Situ Hybridization	190
	Mapping Human Genes by Using Human-Rodent Somatic Cell Hybrids	190
7	Gene Transfer in Bacteria and Their Viruses	207
	Working with Microorganisms	208
	Bacterial Conjugation	209
	Bacterial Transformation	219
	Bacteriophage Genetics	220
	Transduction	225
	Chromosome Mapping	230
	Bacterial Gene Transfer in Review	231
	Molecular Genetics
8	The Structure and Replication of DNA	241
	DNA: The Genetic Material	242
	Structure of DNA	243
	Replication of DNA	249
	Mechanism of DNA Replication	253
9	Genetics of DNA Function	267
	How Genes Work	268
	Gene-Protein Relations	271
	Genetic Fine Structure	283
	Mutational Sites	285
	Complementation	287
10	Molecular Biology of Gene Function	299
	Properties of RNA	300
	Transcription	300
	Transcription and RNA Polymerase	303
	Eukaryotic RNA	306
	Translation	312
	Genetic Code	312
	Protein Synthesis	320
	Universality of Genetic Information Transfer	325
	Functional Division of Labor in the Gene Set	328
11	Regulation of Gene Transcription	335
	Basic Control Circuits	336
	Discovery of the lac System: Negative Control	337
	Catabolite Repression of the lac Operon: Positive Control	342
	Positive and Negative Control	344
	Dual Positive and Negative Control: The Arabinose Operon	344
	Metabolic Pathways	345
	Additional Examples of Control: Attenuation	345
	Lambda Phage: A Complex of Operons	348
	Transcription: An Overview of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes	350
	Regulation of Transcription Factors	357
	Epigenetic Inheritance	359
12	Recombinant DNA Technology	365
	Making Recombinant DNA	366
	Cloning a Specific Gene	372
	Using Cloned DNA	384
13	Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology	403
	In Vitro Mutagenesis	404
	RFLP Mapping	404
	Reverse Genetics	407
	Expressing Eukaryotic Genes in Bacteria	408
	Recombinant DNA Technology in Eukaryotes	409
	Gene Therapy	422
	Using Recombinant DNA to Detect Disease Alleles Directly	425
14	Genomics	435
	Genomics: An Overview	436
	Genome Projects: Practical Considerations	436
	Structural Genomics	437
	Functional Genomics	452
	Generation of Genetic Variation
15	Gene Mutation	463
	How DNA Changes Affect Phenotype	465
	Somatic Versus Germinal Mutation	467
	Mutant Types	470
	Occurrence of Mutations	472
	Selective Systems	477
	Mutation Induction	482
	Mutation and Cancer	484
	Mutagens in Genetic Dissection	484
	Mutation Breeding	486
16	Mechanisms of Gene Mutation	495
	Molecular Basis of Gene Mutations	496
	Spontaneous Mutations	496
	Induced Mutations	502
	Reversion Analysis	508
	Relation Between Mutagens and Carcinogens	508
	Biological Repair Mechanisms	510
	Repair Defects and Human Diseases	516
17	Chromosome Mutation I: Changes in Chromosome Structure	523
	Origin of Changes in Chromosome Structure	524
	Deletions	525
	Duplications	529
	Inversions	532
	Translocations	536
	Diagnosis of Rearrangments by Tetrad Analysis	541
18	Chromosome Mutation II: Changes in Chromosome Number	555
	Aberrant Euploidy	556
	Aneuploidy	564
	Mechanisms of Gene Imbalance	572
	Chromosome Mechanics in Plant Breeding	575
19	Mechanisms of Recombination	585
	Breakage and Reunion of DNA Molecules	586
	Chiasmata: The Crossover Points	587
	Genetic Results Leading to Recombination Models	587
	Holliday Model	588
	Enzymatic Mechanism of Recombination	592
20	Transposable Genetic Elements	601
	Controlling Elements in Maize	602
	Bacterial Insertion Sequences	605
	Prokaryotic Transposons	607
	Mechanism of Transposition in Prokaryotes	610
	Review of Transposable Elements in Prokaryotes	614
	Molecular Nature of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes	614
	Review of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes	619
	Development
21	Extranuclear Genes	623
	Origin of Extranuclear Genes	624
	Structure of Organelle Chromosomes	624
	Organelle Mutations	629
	Inheritance of Organelle Genes and Mutations	630
	Recombination of Extranuclear DNA	636
	Cytoplasmic Male Sterility	637
	Mitochondria and Aging	637
22	Cancer as a Genetic Disease	647
	Cancer and the Control of Cell Number: An Overview	648
	Cell Proliferation Machinery	648
	Machinery for Programmed Cell Death	652
	Controlling the Cell-Proliferation and Death Machinery	654
	Cancer: The Genetics of Aberrant Cell Control	659
	Cancer Research in the Genomic Analysis Era	666
23	Developmental Genetics	671
	Central Themes of Developmental Genetics	672
	Gene Regulation at Levels Other Than Transcription Initiation: Examples	674
	Binary Fate Decisions: Pathways of Sex Determination	676
	Drosophila Sex Determination: Every Cell for Itself	677
	Sex Determination in Mammals: Coordinated Control by the Endocrine System	681
	Binary Fate Decisions: The Germ Line versus the Soma	684
	Forming Complex Pattern: Establishing Positional Information	688
	Forming Complex Pattern: Utilizing Positional Information to Establish Cell Fates	694
	Additional Aspects of Pattern Formation	700
	The Many Parallels in Vertebrate and Insect Pattern Formation	704
	Do the Lessons of Animal Development Apply to Plants?	706
	Genes at the Population Level
24	Population Genetics	713
	Variation and Its Modulation	714
	Effect of Sexual Reproduction on Variation	721
	Sources of Variation	723
	Selection	728
	Balanced Polymorphism	732
	Artificial Selection	734
	Random Events	735
25	Quantitative Genetics	743
	Some Basic Statistical Notions	745
	Genotypes and Phenotypic Distribution	746
	Norm of Reaction and Phenotypic Distribution	748
	Determining Norms of Reaction	750
	Heritability of a Trait	752
	Quantifying Heritability	754
	Locating the Genes	757
	More on Analyzing Variance	760
26	Evolutionary Genetics	773
	A Synthesis of Forces: Variation and Divergence of Populations	775
	Multiple Adaptive Peaks	779
	Heritability of Variation	781
	Observed Variation Within and Between Populations	782
	Process of Speciation	783
	Origin of New Genes	785
	Rate of Molecular Evolution	789
Appendix	Genetic Nomenclature	797
	Further Readings	799
	Glossary	807
	Answers to Selected Problems	829
	Index	847