Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

by Yip-Wah Chung

Overview

Our civilization owes its most significant milestones to our use of materials. Metals gave us better agriculture and eventually the industrial revolution, silicon gave us the digital revolution, and we're just beginning to see what carbon nanotubes will give us. Taking a fresh, interdisciplinary look at the field, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering emphasizes the importance of materials to engineering applications and builds the basis needed to select, modify, or create materials to meet specific criteria.

The most outstanding feature of this text is the author's unique and engaging application-oriented approach. Beginning each chapter with a real-life example, an experiment, or several interesting facts, Yip-Wah Chung wields an expertly crafted treatment with which he entertains and motivates as much as he informs and educates. He links the discipline to the life sciences and includes modern developments such as nanomaterials, polymers, and thin films while working systematically from atomic bonding and analytical methods to crystalline, electronic, mechanical, and magnetic properties as well as ceramics, corrosion, and phase diagrams.

Woven among the interesting examples, stories, and Chinese folk tales is a rigorous yet approachable mathematical and theoretical treatise. This makes Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering an effective tool for anyone needing a strong background in materials science for a broad variety of applications.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780849392634
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	12/13/2006
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	304
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

Yip-Wah Chung obtained his PhD in Physics from the University of California at Berkeley. He joined Northwestern University in 1977. He is currently Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern. He was named Fellow, ASM International; Fellow, AVS; and Fellow, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. His other awards include the Ralph A Teetor Engineering Educator Award from SAE International, Innovative Research Award and Best Paper Award from the ASME Tribology Division, Technical Achievement Award from the National Storage Industry Consortium, and Bronze Bauhinia Star Medal from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Government. Dr. Chung served two years as program officer in surface engineering and materials design at the National Science Foundation. His most recent research activities are in low-friction surfaces, lubricant and thin-film design and characterization, and multifunctional alloys. His favorite hobbies are photography and recreational flying. He holds several Federal Aviation Administration ratings, including commercial multiengine instrument, commercial remote pilot, instrument ground instructor and advanced ground instructor.

Monica Kapoor obtained her PhD in materials science and Engineering from Northwestern University in the design and development of precipitation-strengthened steels. She is currently a Senior Metallurgical Scientist in Materials Technology at Novelis Global Research & Technology Center in Kennesaw, Georgia. Her current interests are in transitioning basic research into advanced processes and alloys, early-stage clustering in Al alloys, and atom probe tomography. After her PhD, she has worked at University of Alabama on high-strength-low-alloy steels and nanocrystalline metals. Subsequently, she joined the National Energy Technology Laboratory where she developed transient-liquid-phase bonding methods for Ni-based super alloys. Her area of expertise is in physical metallurgy of structural metals and advanced characterization techniques, specifically atom probe tomography. She has published twenty-plus publications in high impact factor peer-reviewed journals. She is also an avid reviewer and was recognized as the Reviewer of the Year 2016 by Scripta Materialia.

Table of Contents

Introduction
What Is Materials Science and Engineering?
Fundamental Principles
Atomic and Molecular Bonding
Crystal Structures
Polymorphism
Labeling Directions and Planes
Determination of Structure and Composition Using X-Rays
What Is Next?
Problems
Crystalline Imperfections and Diffusion
Cloudy and Clear Ice Experiments
Imperfections—Good or Bad?
Solid Solutions
Point Defects
Line Defects
Planar Defects
Precipitates as Three-Dimensional Defects
Amorphous Solids
Temperature Dependence of Defect Concentration
Atomic Diffusion
Applications of Impurity Diffusion
Diffusion in Biological Systems
What Is Next?
Appendix: Vacancy Concentration versus Temperature
Problems
Electrical Properties of Metals and Semiconductors
World of Electronics
Definitions and Units
Classical Model of Electronic Conduction in Metals
Resistivity Rules for Dilute Metallic Alloys
Energy Band Model for Electronic Conduction
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Selected Semiconductor Devices
Electron Tunneling
Thin Films and Size Effects
Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
Electrical Signaling in Neurons: Lessons from Mother Nature
Appendix: Ohm’s Law and Definitions
Problems
Mechanical Properties
Gossamer Condor and Gossamer Albatross
Definitions and Units
Basic Facts
Plastic Deformation
Dislocations
Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials
Recovery of Plastically Deformed Metals
Fracture
Mechanical Properties, Surface Chemistry, and Biology
Materials Selection: Mechanical Considerations
Biomedical Considerations
Problems
Phase Diagrams
Rocket Nozzles
Phase Diagram for a Single-Component System: Graphite/Diamond
Phase Diagram for a Common Binary System: NaCl + H₂O
Phase Diagram for a Binary Isomorphous System: Ni + Cu
Binary Eutectic Alloys: Microstructure Development
Zone Refining
Application of Phase Diagrams in Making Steels
Shape Memory Alloys
Phase Transformation in Biological Systems: Denaturation of Proteins
Application of Phase Diagrams in Making Nanocrystalline Materials
Phase Diagrams for Dentistry
Problems
Ceramics and Composites
Recipe for Ice Frisbees
Crystal Structures
Imperfections
Mechanical Properties
Toughening of Ceramics
Electrical, Magnetic, Optical, and Thermal Applications
Mechanical Properties of Composites
Biomedical Applications
Problems
Polymers
Rubber Band Experiments
Polyethylene as a Typical Polymer
Beyond Polyethylene: Polymer Structures
Common Polymers and Typical Applications
Solid Solutions (Copolymers)
Crystallinity
Mechanical Properties
Crystallization, Melting, and Glass Transition Temperatures
Rubber Band Mystery Unveiled
Fire Retardants for Polymers
Selected Electro-Optical Applications
Polymer and Life Sciences
Problems
Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys
Silverware Cleaning Magic
Conventional Example of Corrosion
Electrode Potentials
Influence of Concentration and Temperature on Electrode Potentials
Power by Corrosion: The Cu–Zn Battery
The Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Rusting of Iron
Conditions for Corrosion
Rate of Corrosion
Corrosion Control
Oxidation
A Few Examples for Thought
Common Batteries
Problems
Magnetic Properties
Flashlight without Batteries
Tiny Magnets for Data Storage
Magnetism Fundamentals and Definitions
Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Materials
Magnetic Materials: Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism
Magnetic Materials for Power Generation
Magnetic Materials for Data Storage
Magnetostriction
Medical, Surveying, and Materials Applications
Magnetic and Force Shields
Problems
Thin Films
Why Thin Films?
Deposition of Thin Films
Structure and Morphology
Selected Properties and Applications
Biomedical Applications
Appendix: Obtaining the Projected Area of Contact in Nanoindentation Experiments
Problems
Bibliography
Index