Islam For Dummies

Islam For Dummies

by Malcolm Clark
Islam For Dummies

Islam For Dummies

by Malcolm Clark

Paperback(Revised)

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Overview

From the Qur’an to Ramadan, this friendly guide introduces you to the origins, practices and beliefs of Islam

Many non-Muslims have no idea that Muslims worship the same God as Christians and Jews, and that Islam preaches compassion, charity, humility, and the brotherhood of man. And the similarities don’t end there. According to Islamic teaching, Muhammad founded Islam in 610 CE after the angel Gabriel appeared to him at Mecca and told him that God had entered him among the ranks of such great biblical prophets as Abraham, Moses, and Christ. 

Whether you live or work alongside Muslims and want to relate to them better, or you simply want to gain a better understanding of the world’s second largest religion, Islam For Dummies can help you make sense of this religion and its appeal, including:

  • Muhammad, the man and the legend
  • The Five Pillars of Wisdom
  • The Five Essentials beliefs of Islam
  • The different branches of Islam and Islamic sects
  • The Qur’an and Islamic law
  • Islam throughout history and its impact around the world

Professor Malcolm Clark explores the roots of Islam, how it has developed over the centuries, and it’s long and complex relationship with Christianity. He helps puts Islam in perspective as a major cultural and geopolitical force. And he provided helpful insights into, among other things:

  • Muhammad, the Qur’an and the ethical teachings of Islam
  • Muslim worship, customs, and rituals surrounding birth, marriage, and death
  • Shi’ites, Sunnis, Sufis, Druze, and other important Muslim groups
  • Islam in relation to Judaism and Christianity

In these troubled times, it is important that we try to understand the belief systems of others, for through understanding comes peace. Islam For Dummies helps you build bridges of understanding between you and your neighbors in the global village.

 

 

P.S. If you think this book seems familiar, you’re probably right. The Dummies team updated the cover and design to give the book a fresh feel, but the content is the same as the previous release of Islam For Dummies (9780764555039). The book you see here shouldn’t be considered a new or updated product. But if you’re in the mood to learn something new, check out some of our other books. We’re always writing about new topics! .


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781119642978
Publisher: Wiley
Publication date: 09/11/2019
Series: For Dummies Books
Edition description: Revised
Pages: 400
Sales rank: 184,483
Product dimensions: 7.30(w) x 9.20(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Professor Malcolm Clark taught in the Department of Religion at Butler University for 30 years.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

About This Book 1

Conventions Used in This Book 2

Foolish Assumptions 3

How This Book is Organized 4

Part 1: Understanding the Basics 4

Part 2: Muhammad: The Man, the Book, and Rules of Law 4

Part 3: Becoming Familiar with Muslim Daily Life 5

Part 4: Recognizing That All Muslims Aren’t the Same 5

Part 5: Considering Islam’s Concept of Abrahamic Religions 5

Part 6: The Part of Tens 5

Part 7: Appendixes 5

Icons Used in This Book 6

Where to Go From Here 6

Part 1: Understanding the Basics 7

Chapter 1: Approaching Islam 9

Getting an Overview of Islamic Origins 9

Summarizing Islamic Beliefs 10

Dividing into Branches 11

Counting the Numbers 11

Locating Islam on the World Map 12

Chapter 2: Tracing the Path of Islamic History 15

The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs 17

Choosing a successor: Abu Bakr (632–634) 18

Expanding out of Arabia: ‘Umar (634–644) 19

Gathering the Qur’an: ‘Uthman (644–656) 21

Rebelling against ‘Ali (656–661) 22

Expanding the state 23

The Golden Age 24

Umayyad rule (661–750) 25

Abbasid rule (750–1258) 27

Bridging the Gap 29

Three Great Later Empires 31

Ottoman Empire: The Turks 32

Safavid Empire: The Iranians 33

Mughal Empire: Islam in South Asia 35

Chapter 3: Submitting to God 37

Affirming the Unity of God: Tawhid 38

Clarifying the Terminology: Allah Equals God 40

Testifying to God’s Supremacy 41

Defining the Attributes of God 42

Loving and Knowing God 43

Invoking the 99 Names of God 44

Dividing the names into categories 45

Remembering the names 46

Chapter 4: What Muslims Believe 47

Stating the Five Essential Beliefs of Islam 47

Believing in God 49

Believing in God’s angels 50

Believing in God’s books and in God’s messengers 50

Believing in the last day and the resurrection from the tomb 52

Explaining the Faith to Non-Muslims 55

Expounding the Faith: Dealing with Difficult Faith Issues 56

Naming some theological issues 58

Defining a true Muslim 59

Relating faith to works 59

Degrees of faith 60

Anthropomorphizing God 60

Created or eternal Qur’an 60

Knowing what is good and evil 60

Rejecting Formal Creeds 61

Chapter 5: Standing Before God: Heaven and Hell 63

Understanding Other Beings beyond God and Humans 64

Gabriel and the otherangels 64

Aladdin’s lamp and the jinn 67

The Devil made me do it 68

Going to Heaven or Hell: From Life to Death to Resurrection 69

Dying and the grave 69

The resurrection and the final judgment 70

Facing the unresolved issues 71

Envisioning Heaven and Hell 72

Hell and its torments 73

Heaven and its delights 74

Women and the houris in heaven and hell 74

Part 2: Muhammad: The Man, the Book, and Rules of Law 77

Chapter 6: The Prophet: Muhammad 79

Setting the Stage: Arabia before Muhammad 80

Two key cities 81

Outside the cities: The beduin 82

Arabian religious practices 82

Telling the Story of Muhammad 83

Growing up 84

Summoning the people of Mecca 86

Facing opposition 87

Establishing the community in Medina 88

A chronology from 622 to 630 90

Thinking about Muhammad Theologically 92

Messenger, prophet, and seal of the prophets 92

Comparing Muhammad with Jesus and Moses 92

Living like the beautiful example 94

Reviewing the miracles of Muhammad 94

Exploring the sinlessness of Muhammad 95

Respecting Muhammad as intercessor 95

Relating Personally to Muhammad 95

Naming Muhammad 95

Exalting Muhammad in poetry 96

Celebrating Muhammad’s birthday 97

Preserving the relics of Muhammad 97

Viewing Muhammad as the light of the world and the pole of the universe 97

Searching for the Historical Muhammad 97

Traditional biographies 97

Non-Muslim biographies 98

Chapter 7: The Book: The Qur’an 99

Introducing the Qur’an 100

What is scripture? 100

The basics of the Qur’an 100

Hearing the Qur’an 101

Treating the Qur’an with Respect 103

Gathering and Organizing the Qur’an 104

Putting the Qur’an into writing 104

Pronouncing the Qur’an 104

Organizing the Qur’an 105

Compiling the Qur’an: The Muslim view 105

Compiling the Qur’an: The view of non-Muslim scholars 107

Compiling the Qur’an: A radical view 108

The Style of the Qur’an 108

The Qur’an as evocative speech 109

The idiom of the Qur’an 110

The inimitability of the Qur’an (ìjaz) 110

Recurring thematic elements in the Qur’an 111

The problem of shifting perspectives in the Qur’an 112

Interpreting the Qur’an 113

The process of interpreting the Qur’an 113

Exoteric and esoteric interpretation 113

The abrogated verses 114

Using the Qur’an in Daily Life 114

Educating through the Qur’an 115

Reciting the Qur’an 115

Reproducing the Qur’an: Calligraphy 116

Opening the Qur’an: The Fatiha 117

Chapter 8: Islamic Tradition and Law 119

Imitating Muhammad 120

Understanding the two parts of a hadith 120

Uncovering the contents of a hadith 121

Collecting the hadiths 121

Reviewing the 40 traditions 123

Evaluating the hadiths 123

Using hadiths in more modern times 124

Understanding God’s Law 125

Rooting out the four roots of law (usul al-fiqh) 125

Getting legal: The Schools of law (madhhab) 129

Making a decision 131

Reforming the law 133

Part 3: Becoming Familiar with Muslim Daily Life 137

Chapter 9: The Five Pillars of Worship: Foundations of Islam 139

Purification: Getting Ready for Worship 140

Removing impurity 141

Sources of impurity 141

The Shahada (First Pillar): Testifying 142

Salat (Second Pillar): Praying 143

When to pray 143

Where do Muslims pray? 144

Calling to prayer (adhan) 145

Doing the first rak'a (bowing) 146

Adding additional rak'as and voluntary prayers 148

Jum'a: Gathering for Friday congregational prayer 149

The mosque (masjid) 149

Zakat (Third Pillar): Helping the Needy 152

Saum (Fourth Pillar): Reflecting and Fasting 153

Dawn to dust 154

A day in Ramadan 154

The meaning of Saum during Ramadan 155

‘Id al-fitr (feast of the breaking of the fast) 156

Hajj (Fifth Pillar): Making the Pilgrimage to Mecca 156

The center of the earth 157

The days of pilgrimage 158

Making the side trip to Medina (al-ziyarah) 161

Chapter 10: Observing Other Religious Rituals and Customs 163

Rituals linked to the Yearly Calendar 164

Celebrating Muhammad’s birthday 164

Typical elements in the celebration of the maulid 166

Honoring the saints 168

Reviewing other rituals 170

Marking Life’s Transitions 171

Born yesterday 171

Receiving a name 171

Offering the sacrifice 172

Circumcising (khitan) 172

Coming of age 173

Getting hitched 175

Knocking on death’s door 177

Observing Everyday Customs 179

Finding food for thought 179

Dressing the part 180

Minding your manners 182

Looking at Women’s Rituals 182

Chapter 11: Muslim Ethics: Living the Good Life 185

Reviewing the Starting Points for Islamic Ethics 186

The principles of Islamic ethics 187

Illustrative texts 188

Sources for ethical guidance 188

Dealing with sins, major and minor 189

Applying Ethics to Practical Issues 190

Understanding Sexual Ethics 190

Outlining Ethics Regarding Marriage and Family 193

The role of women 196

Medical ethics 198

Social and economic justice 199

Political issues 200

Other ethical issues 200

Part 4: Recognizing That All Muslims Aren’t the Same 203

Chapter 12: Shìites 205

Locating and Counting Shìite Muslims 206

Keeping the Faith in the Family 206

Designating ‘Ali as Muhammad’s successor 207

Shìite understanding of the imam 207

Reviewing Two Foundational Events of Shìism 209

The betrayal and martyrdom of ‘Ali 209

The martyrdom of Husayn at Karbala 210

Postscript: The march of the penitents 211

Following the Line of the 12 Imams 211

Shìism under the Umayyads 211

Shìism under the Abbasids 212

Iran becomes a Twelver Shìite state 213

Worshipping in Twelver Shìite Fashion 214

Remembering Husayn at ‘ashura’ 214

Making pilgrimage to the imams’ tombs 215

Some differences in Shìite rituals 216

Thinking like Shìites 216

Shìite religious law (sharìa) 216

Shìite clergy: The mullas 217

Shìite philosophers and theologians 218

Interacting: Shìites, Sufis, and Sunnis 219

Shìites and Sufis 219

Shìites and Sunnis 220

Chapter 13: Sufis 221

Searching for God 222

Sufism: An overview of its history 222

Textual and historical foundations 224

Believing in the Sufi Manner 224

Making a Contribution: Outstanding Individual Sufis 226

Organizing the Sufi Community 229

Lodges 229

The Sufi brotherhood 230

Acting in the Sufi Manner 230

Joining a Sufi brotherhood 231

Following the rules of the brotherhood 231

Remembering God: Dhikr 231

Hearing God: Samà 232

Communal dhikr with samà 233

Putting Faith into Verse: Sufi Literature 233

Establishing the Sufi Brotherhoods 234

Rejecting Sufism 237

Chapter 14: Exploring Lesser-Known Sects Linked to Islam 239

‘Ibadis (the early Kharijites) 241

Zaydis (or Fiver Shìites) 241

Ismàili (or Sevener Shìite) Groups 242

Qarmatians 242

Nizaris 242

Mustàli, Tayyibis, and Bohras are all the same — almost! 244

On the Fringes of Islam and Beyond 245

Druze 245

‘Alawis (Nusayris) 246

Alevis 247

Ahmadiyya 248

Baha’is 249

Chapter 15: Islam in America 251

Getting an Overview 251

Looking at Muslim origins in the United States 251

Snapshot of American Muslims today 252

Calculating the numbers 253

Organizing the Muslim Community 254

Building mosques (masjids) 254

Establishing national Islamic organizations 255

Reestablishing a Black Muslim Community 256

Noble Drew Ali 256

Wallace D Fard 257

Elijah Muhammad 258

Malcolm X 258

Warith Deen Mohammed 259

Reviving the Nation of Islam 260

Shìites in America 261

Sufis in America 261

Facing the Future as Muslim Americans 262

Internal issues 262

External issues 264

Part 5: Considering Islam’s Concept of Abrahamic Religions 265

Chapter 16: Seeking Common Roots: Abrahamic Religion and Beyond 267

Belonging to the Same Family 267

Recognizing the same ancestor 268

Worshipping the same God 268

Sharing the same book 269

Reviewing family relations 269

Reading the Bible in the Qur’an 270

Why the stories in the Qur’an differ from those in the Bible 271

The Adam story 272

Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, and Isaac 272

Joseph: The “most beautiful of stories” 273

The Moses story 274

The death of Jesus 275

Muhammad in the Bible 276

Muslims Facing Other Religions 277

Two early treaties 277

Dhimmi (protected peoples) 278

Moving Toward Religious Dialogue 279

Principles of dialogue 280

The future of inter-religious relations 281

Chapter 17: Seeking Common Ground 283

Ascertaining Muslims’ Concerns 284

Uncovering internal problems in the Muslim world 284

Taking the pulse of the Muslim world 285

Listing Muslim complaints against the West and possible Western responses 286

Listing concerns of American Muslims 287

Hearing American Concerns Regarding Muslims 288

Facing the Major Issues 290

Clash of civilizations 290

Human rights 290

Democracy and Islam 291

Jihad 292

Terrorism 293

Knowing What’s Needed from the Muslim Side 294

Knowing What’s Needed from the Western Side 294

Chapter 18: Meeting the Challenge of Modernity 295

Considering Islamic Democracy 295

Reclaiming Identity as an Islamic State 296

Naming the Islamists 297

Leading the way: Three Islamist movements 297

Identifying what separates Islamist reformers from Islamist radicals 299

Forming a Shìite Islamic Republic 300

Coming of the revolution: Khomeini 300

Taking Iran in a new direction 301

Facing the future 302

Reviewing the Globalization of Islamic Radicalism: bin Laden and Afghanistan 302

Afghanistan 302

Bin Laden and al-Qaeda 304

Part 6: The Part of Tens 305

Chapter 19: Ten Muslim Contributions to World Civilization 307

Transmission of Greek Writings 308

Algebra and Mathematics 308

Arabic Numbers 309

Astronomy 309

Engineering and Technology 310

Medicine 310

Pharmacology 311

Physics, Specifically Optics 311

Architecture 312

Taj Mahal 312

The Alhambra 313

Chapter 20: Ten Noteworthy Muslims, Past and Present 315

Taking a Long Trip: Ibn Battuta 315

Gathering it All Together: al-Tabari 316

Wielding the Sword of Saladin 317

Glorifying the King: Akbar 318

Thinking Deep Thoughts: Ibn Rushd 319

Creating the First Philosophy of History: Ibn Khaldun 320

Becoming a Hero of the Revolution: Ali Shariati 321

Building Great Mosques: Sinan 322

Winning the Nobel Prize: Naguib Mahfouz 323

Listening to Umm Kulthum 323

Chapter 21: Ten Islamic Regions in the News Today 325

Africa 326

Nigeria 326

Sudan 327

Tunisia 327

South Asia 327

Bangladesh 328

India 328

Kashmir 328

Southeast Asia and the Pacific 329

Indonesia 329

Malaysia 330

Philippines 331

The Balkan States 331

Bosnia-Herzegovina 332

Kosovo and Albania 332

Iraq 332

Lebanon 333

Palestine and Israel 334

The Former Soviet Union 336

Syria 336

Turkey 337

Part 7: Appendixes 339

Appendix A: Counting the Years: The Muslim Calendar 341

Appendix B: Glossary 345

Appendix C: Resources: Digging Deeper 351

Academic Resources 351

The Qur’an 352

Video Resources 353

Computer Software 353

Islam on the Web 354

Islamic organizations 354

Islamic publishers and retailers 355

And Finally 355

Index 357

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