Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xiv
Introduction: Show Me the Arguments 1 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone
Part I Philosophy of Religion 7
1 Aquinas' Five Ways 9 Timothy J. Pawl
2 The Contingency Cosmological Argument 18 Mark T. Nelson
3 The Kalam Argument for the Existence of God 22 Harry Lesser
4 The Ontological Argument 25 Sara L. Uckelman
5 Pascal's Wager 28 Leslie Burkholder
6 James' Will to Believe Argument 32 A. T. Fyfe
7 The Problem of Evil 35 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone
8 The Free Will Defense to the Problem of Evil 37 Grant Sterling
9 St. Anselm on Free Choice and the Power to Sin 40 Julia Hermann
10 Hume's Argument against Miracles 44 Tommaso Piazza
11 The Euthyphro Dilemma 49 David Baggett
12 Nietzsche's Death of God 52 Tom Grimwood
13 Ockham's Razor 57 Grant Sterling
Part II Metaphysics 59
14 Parmenides' Refutation of Change 61 Adrian Bardon
15 McTaggart's Argument against the Reality of Time 64 M. Joshua Mozersky
16 Berkeley's Master Argument for Idealism 68 John M. DePoe
17 Kant's Refutation of Idealism 70 Adrian Bardon
18 The Master Argument of Diodorus Cronus 73 Ludger Jansen
19 Lewis' Argument for Possible Worlds 76 David Vander Laan
20 A Reductionist Account of Personal Identity 79 Fauve Lybaert
21 Split-Case Arguments about Personal Identity 86 Ludger Jansen
22 The Ship of Theseus 88 Ludger Jansen
23 The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics 90 Montserrat Bordes
24 A Modern Modal Argument for the Soul 93 Rafal Urbaniak and Agnieszka Rostalska
25 Two Arguments for the Harmlessness of Death 99
Epicurus' Death is Nothing to Us Argument 99 Steven Luper
Lucretius' Symmetry Argument 100 Nicolas Bommarito
26 The Existence of Forms: Plato's Argument from the Possibility of Knowledge 102 Jurgis (George) Brakas
27 Plato, Aristotle, and the Third Man Argument 106 Jurgis (George) Brakas
28 Logical Monism 111 Luis Estrada-González
29 The Maximality Paradox 115 Nicola Ciprotti
30 An Argument for Free Will 119 Gerald Harrison
31 Frankfurt's Refutation of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities 121 Gerald Harrison
32 Van Inwagen's Consequence Argument against Compatibilism 123 Grant Sterling
33 Fatalism 125 Fernando Migura and Agustin Arrieta
34 Sartre's Argument for Freedom 128 Jeffrey Gordon
Part III Epistemology 131
35 The Cogito Arguments of Descartes and Augustine 133
Descartes' Cogito 133 Joyce Lazier
Augustine's "Si fallor, sum"Argument (If I Am Mistaken, I Exist) 135 Brett Gaul
36 The Cartesian Dreaming Argument for External-World Skepticism 137 Stephen Hetherington
37 The Transparency of Experience Argument 142 Carlos Mario Muñoz-Suárez
38 The Regress Argument for Skepticism 146 Scott Aikin
39 Moore's Anti-Skeptical Arguments 152 Matthew Frise
40 The Bias Paradox 154 Deborah Heikes
41 Gettier's Argument against the Traditional Account of Knowledge 156 John M. DePoe
42 Putnam's Argument against Cultural Imperialism 159 Maria Caamaño
43 Davidson on the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme 162 George Wrisley
44 Quine's Two Dogmas of Empiricism 169 Robert Sinclair
45 Hume and the Problem of Induction 174
Hume's Problem of Induction 174 James E. Taylor
Hume's Negative Argument concerning Induction 176 Stefanie Rocknak
46 Argument by Analogy in Thales and Anaximenes 180 Giannis Stamatellos
47 Quine's Epistemology Naturalized 183 Robert Sinclair
48 Sellars and the Myth of the Given 188 Willem A. deVries
49 Sellars' "Rylean Myth" 193 Willem A. deVries
50 Aristotle and the Argument to End All Arguments 198 Toni Vogel Carey
Part IV Ethics 201
51 Justice Brings Happiness in Plato's Republic 203 Joshua I. Weinstein
52 Aristotle's Function Argument 208 Sean McAleer
53 Aristotle's Argument that Goods are Irreducible 211 Jurgis (George) Brakas
54 Aristotle's Argument for Perfectionism 214 Eric J. Silverman
55 Categorical Imperative as the Source for Morality 217 Joyce Lazier
56 Kant on Why Autonomy Deserves Respect 221 Mark Piper
57 Mill's Proof of Utilitarianism 223 A. T. Fyfe
58 The Experience Machine Objection to Hedonism 229 Dan Weijers
59 The Error Theory Argument 232 Robert L. Muhlnickel
60 Moore's Open Question Argument 237 Bruno Verbeek
61 Wolff's Argument for the Rejection of State Authority 240 Ben Saunders
62 Nozick's Taxation Is Forced Labor Argument 242 Jason Waller
63 Charity is Obligatory 244 Joakim Sandberg
64 The Repugnant Conclusion 247 Joakim Sandberg
65 Taurek on Numbers Don't Count 249 Ben Saunders
66 Parfit's Leveling Down Argument against Egalitarianism 251 Ben Saunders
67 Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain Argument 254 Fabian Wendt
68 Liberal Feminism 258 Julinna C. Oxley
69 Moral Status of Animals from Marginal Cases 263 Julia Tanner
70 The Ethical Vegetarianism Argument 265 Robert L. Muhlnickel
71 Thomson and the Famous Violinist 269 Leslie Burkholder
72 Marquis and the Immorality of Abortion 273 Leslie Burkholder
73 Tooley on Abortion and Infanticide 275 Ben Saunders
74 Rachels on Euthanasia 277 Leslie Burkholder
Part V Philosophy of Mind 281
75 Leibniz' Argument for Innate Ideas 283 Byron Kaldis
76 Descartes' Arguments for the Mind–Body Distinction 290 Dale Jacquette
77 Princess Elisabeth and the Mind–Body Problem 297 Jen McWeeny
78 Kripke's Argument for Mind–Body Property Dualism 301 Dale Jacquette
79 The Argument from Mental Causation for Physicalism 304 Amir Horowitz
80 Davidson's Argument for Anomalous Monism 308 Amir Horowitz
81 Putnam's Multiple Realization Argument against Type-Physicalism 311 Amir Horowitz
82 The Supervenience Argument against Non-Reductive Physicalism 314 Andrew Russo
83 Ryle's Argument against Cartesian Internalism 318 Agustin Arrieta and Fernando Migura
84 Jackson's Knowledge Argument 320 Amir Horowitz
85 Nagel's "What Is It Like to Be a Bat" Argument against Physicalism 324 Amy Kind
86 Chalmer's Zombie Argument 327 Amy Kind
87 The Argument from Revelation 330 Carlos Mario Muñoz-Suárez
88 Searle and the Chinese Room Argument 334 Leslie Burkholder
Part VI Science and Language 337
89 Sir Karl Popper's Demarcation Argument 339 Liz Stillwaggon Swan
90 Kuhn's Incommensurability Arguments 341 Liz Stillwaggon Swan and Michael Bruce
91 Putnam's No Miracles Argument 344 Liz Stillwaggon Swan
92 Galileo's Falling Bodies 346 Liz Stillwaggon Swan
93 Eliminative Materialism 348 Charlotte Blease
94 Wittgenstein's Private Language Argument 350 George Wrisley
95 Fodor's Argument for Linguistic Nativism 355 Majid Amini
96 Fodor and the Impossibility of Learning 359 Majid Amini
97 Quine on the Indeterminacy of Translation 362 Robert Sinclair
98 Davidson's Argument for the Principle of Charity 367 Maria Caamaño
99 Frege's Argument for Platonism 370 Ivan Kasa
100 Mathematical Platonism 373 Nicolas Pain
Appendix A: Learning the Logical Lingo 377
Appendix B: Rules of Inference and Replacement 378
Notes on Contributors 380
Index 391
