Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World
The founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, came to power in 1923 with a radical and wide-ranging programme of reforms, known collectively as Kemalism. This philosophy – which included adopting a western alphabet and securing a secular state apparatus - has since the early 1930s, when the Turkish state endeavored to impose a monolithic definition of the term, been connected to the development of the personality cult of Mustafa Kemal himself.

This book argues that in fact Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective: just as a uniquely national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward.

Featuring case studies from across the former Ottoman Empire and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders refracted and transformed Kemalist ideology. Across the Balkans and the Middle East Kemalism influenced the development of language and the alphabet, the life of women, the law, and everyday dress. A particular focus on the interwar period in Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt reveals how, as a practical tool, Kemalism must be relocated as a global movement, whose influence is still felt today.

1130457905
Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World
The founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, came to power in 1923 with a radical and wide-ranging programme of reforms, known collectively as Kemalism. This philosophy – which included adopting a western alphabet and securing a secular state apparatus - has since the early 1930s, when the Turkish state endeavored to impose a monolithic definition of the term, been connected to the development of the personality cult of Mustafa Kemal himself.

This book argues that in fact Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective: just as a uniquely national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward.

Featuring case studies from across the former Ottoman Empire and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders refracted and transformed Kemalist ideology. Across the Balkans and the Middle East Kemalism influenced the development of language and the alphabet, the life of women, the law, and everyday dress. A particular focus on the interwar period in Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt reveals how, as a practical tool, Kemalism must be relocated as a global movement, whose influence is still felt today.

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Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World

Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World

Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World

Kemalism: Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World

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Overview

The founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, came to power in 1923 with a radical and wide-ranging programme of reforms, known collectively as Kemalism. This philosophy – which included adopting a western alphabet and securing a secular state apparatus - has since the early 1930s, when the Turkish state endeavored to impose a monolithic definition of the term, been connected to the development of the personality cult of Mustafa Kemal himself.

This book argues that in fact Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective: just as a uniquely national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward.

Featuring case studies from across the former Ottoman Empire and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders refracted and transformed Kemalist ideology. Across the Balkans and the Middle East Kemalism influenced the development of language and the alphabet, the life of women, the law, and everyday dress. A particular focus on the interwar period in Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt reveals how, as a practical tool, Kemalism must be relocated as a global movement, whose influence is still felt today.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781788313728
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 01/30/2019
Series: Library of Modern Turkey , #42
Pages: 368
Product dimensions: 5.50(w) x 8.50(h) x 0.88(d)

About the Author

Nathalie Clayer is a Senior Researcher at the Centre for Turkish, Ottoman, Balkan and Central Asian Studies at EHESS, Paris. She is also a historian of religion and nationalism in the Ottoman and post-Ottoman eras and the author of many book chapters and articles in English and in French.

Fabio Giomi Fabio Giomi is CNRS Researcher at the Centre for Turkish, Ottoman, Balkan and Central-Asian Studies, Paris.

Emmanuel Szurek is Associate Professor at the EHESS in Paris, France.

Table of Contents

List of Figures x

List of Contributors xiv

Acknowledgements xvii

Introduction: Transationalising Kemalism: A Refractive Relationship Nathalie Clayer Fabio Giomi Emmanuel Szurek 1

"Kemalism" Again? Some Theoretical and Historiographical Remarks 1

Kemalism in the Making: The Transnational Fabric of a Polysemic Label 5

Transnational Kemalism: The Spatial Dimension of a Refractive Relationship 24

1 Kemalism and the Adoption of the Civil Code in Albania (1926-9) Nathalie Clayer 38

Imitating the "New Turkey" by Adopting the Swiss Code 41

What was Being Rejected - the Swiss Model or the Turkish Model? 50

Legitimisation in Terms of Westernisation, Zogism - and a Kemalist Model? 60

Conclusion: The Construction of Kemalism as a Post-Imperial and Transnational Process 70

2 Kemalism Between the Borders: Conflicts Over the New Turkish Alphabet in Bulgaria Anna M. Mirkova 81

Language Reforms in the Late Ottoman Empire and Early Republican Turkey 82

The Politics of Script Changes in Bulgaria 84

"Loyal" and "Disloyal" Citizens 90

Conclusion 99

3 From Ottoman to Turkish Script in Cyprus: Conception and Implementation of a "Kemalist Reform" Against a Colonial Backdrop Béatrice Hendrich 105

Harf Inkilahi as the Herald of a New Age? 112

The Perspective of the Turkish Community 118

The Script Reform as a British Administrative Procedure 124

Latecomers 129

The Script Reform and Cultural Transition 132

4 Transnational History in a Hat: Egypt and Kemalism in the Interwar Years Wilson Chacko Jacob 143

Kemalism: The Hyphen in the Post-Ottoman Time-Space 145

"The Perfection of Masculinity' or Dressing for the Times? 155

(Ad)Dressing Affect 160

Conclusion 168

5 Seduced by Gender Corporatism: Muslim Cultural Entrepreneurs and Kemalist Turkey in Interwar Yugoslavia Fabio Giomi 178

Yugoslav Muslims and the Example of the Turkish Woman 182

Taming Yugoslav Feminism 193

Presenting Gender Anomie 200

Conclusions: Turkey as a Third-Way Route to Emancipation 209

6 Re appropriating the Orientalist Gaze in the Material Culture of Kemalist Turkey: The Formation of an "Aesthetic Nationalism" Ece Zerman 217

Responding to a "Pathological Love": The Orientals' Perception of Orientalists 221

"Becoming Europeanised" by Orientalising 229

The Search for a "Turkish Style" and "Aesthetic Turkism" 232

Exposing the National Image: "A Nation does not Exist for the Gratification of Tourists" 241

Conclusion 249

7 The Man Sick of Europe: A Transnational History of Kemalist Science Emmanuel Szurek 264

Oscillating Between Orientalism and Nationalism: The Local Conditions for Political Schizophrenia 267

The Turks in the Long Shadow Cast by European Science 271

Aryans and Turanians 271

The Fair-Haired Darlings of "Racial Science, and Those There Villaoous Turks 274

A Place in the Sun: Variations on Kemalist Epistemic Resentment 279

Oppugning: The Kemalist Critique of "Indo-Europeanism" 280

Correcting: The "Turko-Indo-European Family" and the "Turo-Aryan Race" 286

Subverting: Brachycephalic is Best, Brachycephalic is Beautiful 292

In Search of the Singularity of the Kemalists: Towards an Internalist Hermeneutics of the Sun-Language Theory 297

Bibliography 309

Index 333

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