Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks: Enabling Wireless Sensors With IEEE 802.15.4 / Edition 3

by Jose A. Gutierrez, Ludwig Winkel, Edgar H. Callaway Jr., Raymond L. Barrett Jr.

Overview

This updated edition provides detailed information on the amendments to the standard including IEEE 802.15.4a, IEEE 802.15.4c, IEEE 802.15.4d, IEEE 802.15.4e, IEEE 802.15.4f, and IEEE 802.15.4g, as well as an update on the ZigBee Alliance. This book extends the previous editions by adding a new section centered on providing a complete presentation of the WirelessHART protocol.

Divided into four parts, the first part of the book presents an overview of the low-rate wireless personal area technology and IEEE 802.15.4. Not only a technical introduction, this part of the book is valuable to marketing and business professionals. It can help them understand the technology and vision behind the standards’ conception so they can more effectively plan marketing and business strategies. The second part of the text concentrates on the technical features and components of the standard, while the third part focuses on implementation and system design considerations. WirelessHART is covered in the fourth part providing details that demonstrate how a high performance and reliable industrial standard can be built on the IEEE 802.15.4 technology.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780738162850
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	03/08/2011
Edition description:	3rd ed.
Pages:	288
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.70(d)

About the Author

Jose A. Gutierrez and Ludwig Winkel are the authors of Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks: Enabling Wireless Sensors With IEEE 802.15.4, 3rd Edition, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Foreword xi

Foreword to the Third Edition xiii

Introduction and Update for the Third Edition xxiii

IEEE Std 802.15.4 Evolution xxiv

Revision IEEE Std 802.15.4 - 2006 (IEEE Std 802.15.4b) xxv

Amendment 1 - IEEE Std 802.15.4a xxv

Amendment 2 - IEEE Std 802.15.4c xxv

Amendment 3 - IEEE Std 802.15.4d xxvi

Amendment 4 - IEEE Std 802.15.4e xxvi

Amendment 5 - IEEE Std 802.15.4f xxvi

Amendment 6 - IEEE Std 802.15.4g xxvi

ZigBee and More xxvii

Book Organization xxvii

Acronyms and Abbreviations xxix

Part I 1

Chapter 1 IEEE Standard 802.15.4 3

WLANS, WPANS, and LR-WPANS 4

ISO/OSI Reference Model 6

Wireless Sensor Networks 7

Challenges in the Design of Wireless Sensor Networks 9

Power Consumption 10

Range 11

Availability of Frequency Bands 11

Network Topology 12

Self-Organization 13

Chapter 2 Low-Rate Wireless PAN Applications 15

Industrial and Commercial Control and Monitoring-Wireless Sensors 17

Residential Smart Energy 18

Home Automation and Networking 19

Consumer Electronics 20

PC Peripherals 20

Home Automation 21

Home Security 22

Personal Healthcare 22

Toys and Games 23

Automotive Sensing 24

Precision Agriculture 25

Miscellaneous Applications 26

Part II 27

Chapter 3 IEEE Std 802.15.4 Technical Overview 29

How Low-Cost and Long Battery Life Are Achieved 29

Duty Cycle 29

Modulation 31

Use of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 31

Transmitter Power 33

Receiver Sensitivity 34

Quality of Service 34

Other Notable IEEE Std 802.15.4 Features 34

Network Components 34

Multiple Network Topologies 35

Channel Access 37

Multiple PHYs 37

Error Control 39

Four Frame Types 40

Beacon Frames 40

Data Frames 41

Acknowledgment Frames 41

MAC Command Frame 42

Chapter 4 Physical Layer 43

Frequency Bands and Data Rates 45

Data Rates 47

Channel Assignment 49

New Optional Physical Layers 53

PHY Bit Level Communication 54

2.4 GHz Band Specification 55

868/915 MHz Band Specification 58

Required BPSK Mode Specification 58

Optional O-QPSK Mode Specification 60

Optional PSSS Mode Specification 63

780 MHz Band Specification 66

950 MHz Band Specification 68

Radio Characteristics 68

Power Output 68

Sensitivity 68

Range 69

Receiver Selectivity 72

Channel Selectivity and Blocking 72

PHY Services 73

PHY Data Services 73

PHY Management Services 73

PHY PAN Information Base Management Primitives 74

Enabling and Disabling the PHY 75

Clear Channel Assessment 75

Energy Detection 76

Packet Structure 77

Chapter 5 Medium Access Control Sublayer 79

Star Topology 81

Peer-to-Peer Topology 82

Superframe Structure 83

MAC Data Transfer Model 87

Data Transfer to a Coordinator 87

Data Transfer from a Coordinator 88

Peer-to-Peer Data Transfer 90

MAC Services 90

Transmission Scenarios 92

MAC Data Service 94

MAC Management Service 95

MAC PAN Information Base Management Primitives 95

Enabling and Disabling the Receiver 96

Scanning Radio Channels 97

Association and Disassociation Control 98

Guaranteed Time Slot Management 100

Orphan Device Management 104

Synchronization Control 105

Beacon Management 105

Beaconless Synchronization 108

Communication Status 108

MAC Frame Structure 110

Beacon Frames 111

Data Frames 111

Acknowledgment Frame 112

MAC Command Frame 112

MAC Functional Scenarios 113

Accessing the Channel 113

Starting and Maintaining PANs 114

Device Synchronization 115

GTS Management 115

Security Services 115

Data Confidentiality 116

Data Authenticity 116

Unsecured Mode 117

Secured Mode 117

Chapter 6 Network Functionality 119

Feature Overview 119

Starting a Network 119

Upper Layer Network Formation Policies And Algorithms 122

PAN Coordinator Selection 122

Selection of the PAN ID 123

The Use of Beacons 124

The Star Network 125

Peer-to-Peer Networks 126

The Flat Mesh Network Topology 126

Routing 127

The Cluster Network Topology 130

Routing 133

The Cluster-Tree Network Topology 135

Routing 136

The Network Topology Decision 137

Part III 139

Chapter 7 System Design Considerations 141

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 141

High Channel Separation/Modulation Bandwidth Ratio 142

Relaxed Transmitted Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Requirements 143

Constant-Envelope Modulation 144

Relaxed Receiver Maximum Input Level 144

Time and Frequency Reference Trade-offs 144

Single-Chip versus Multiple-Chip Implementation 145

OEM Implementations 146

Time and Power Management 148

Antennas 151

Product Design Flexibility 154

Chapter 8 Real-World Issues 157

Coexistence 157

Implementation of Colocated Transceivers 161

Part IV 163

Chapter 9 Introduction to WirelessHART 165

Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) 167

WirelessHART Technology 169

Battery Life 170

Central Network Coordination 170

The WirelessHART System 171

WirelessHART Coexistence 172

WirelessHART Network Reliability 173

Mesh Networking 174

Network Device Types 174

Field Device 176

Adapter 176

Router 177

Gateway 177

Network Access Point 178

Handheld Device 181

Network Manager 182

Security Manager 182

Power Supply and Power Management 183

Electronic Device Description Language (EDDL) 184

Mapping WirelessHART onto the ISO/OSI Basic Reference Model 185

WirelessHART Network Planning and Installation 187

Chapter 10 The WirelessHART Network 189

Network Self-Healing 190

Network Maintenance 190

WirelessHART Network Topology 191

Network Manager 194

Network Formation 197

Advertising 197

Joining 197

Scheduling 198

Discovery 199

Network Manager Functions 200

Smart Updates 200

Chapter 11 The WirelessHART Physical Layer and Data Link Layer 207

WirelessHART Superframe 208

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 209

Transmission of a Packet 213

Reception of a Packet 213

Acknowledgement Transaction 214

Broadcast Transaction 214

Time Keeping 214

Channel Hopping 215

Chapter 12 WirelessHART Security 219

Data Protection and Confidentiality 221

Network Protection and Availability 222

Denial of Service 222

Replay Attack 223

Cloned Devices 223

Security Manager Features 223

Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks 225

References 227

Glossary 231

Index 239