Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor
The first years of the company that developed the microchip and created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up.

In the first three and a half years of its existence, Fairchild Semiconductor developed, produced, and marketed the device that would become the fundamental building block of the digital world: the microchip. Founded in 1957 by eight former employees of the Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Fairchild created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up: intense activity with a common goal, close collaboration, and a quick path to the market (Fairchild's first device hit the market just ten months after the company's founding). Fairchild Semiconductor was one of the first companies financed by venture capital, and its success inspired the establishment of venture capital firms in the San Francisco Bay area. These firms would finance the explosive growth of Silicon Valley over the next several decades. This history of the early years of Fairchild Semiconductor examines the technological, business, and social dynamics behind its innovative products. The centerpiece of the book is a collection of documents, reproduced in facsimile, including the company's first prospectus; ideas, sketches, and plans for the company's products; and a notebook kept by cofounder Jay Last that records problems, schedules, and tasks discussed at weekly meetings. A historical overview, interpretive essays, and an introduction to semiconductor technology in the period accompany these primary documents.
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Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor
The first years of the company that developed the microchip and created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up.

In the first three and a half years of its existence, Fairchild Semiconductor developed, produced, and marketed the device that would become the fundamental building block of the digital world: the microchip. Founded in 1957 by eight former employees of the Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Fairchild created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up: intense activity with a common goal, close collaboration, and a quick path to the market (Fairchild's first device hit the market just ten months after the company's founding). Fairchild Semiconductor was one of the first companies financed by venture capital, and its success inspired the establishment of venture capital firms in the San Francisco Bay area. These firms would finance the explosive growth of Silicon Valley over the next several decades. This history of the early years of Fairchild Semiconductor examines the technological, business, and social dynamics behind its innovative products. The centerpiece of the book is a collection of documents, reproduced in facsimile, including the company's first prospectus; ideas, sketches, and plans for the company's products; and a notebook kept by cofounder Jay Last that records problems, schedules, and tasks discussed at weekly meetings. A historical overview, interpretive essays, and an introduction to semiconductor technology in the period accompany these primary documents.
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Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor

Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor

Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor

Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor

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Overview

The first years of the company that developed the microchip and created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up.

In the first three and a half years of its existence, Fairchild Semiconductor developed, produced, and marketed the device that would become the fundamental building block of the digital world: the microchip. Founded in 1957 by eight former employees of the Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Fairchild created the model for a successful Silicon Valley start-up: intense activity with a common goal, close collaboration, and a quick path to the market (Fairchild's first device hit the market just ten months after the company's founding). Fairchild Semiconductor was one of the first companies financed by venture capital, and its success inspired the establishment of venture capital firms in the San Francisco Bay area. These firms would finance the explosive growth of Silicon Valley over the next several decades. This history of the early years of Fairchild Semiconductor examines the technological, business, and social dynamics behind its innovative products. The centerpiece of the book is a collection of documents, reproduced in facsimile, including the company's first prospectus; ideas, sketches, and plans for the company's products; and a notebook kept by cofounder Jay Last that records problems, schedules, and tasks discussed at weekly meetings. A historical overview, interpretive essays, and an introduction to semiconductor technology in the period accompany these primary documents.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780262546263
Publisher: MIT Press
Publication date: 10/25/2022
Pages: 328
Product dimensions: 7.56(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.66(d)

About the Author

Christophe Lécuyer is Professor of the History of Science and Technology at Université Pierre et Marie Curie and the author of Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970 (MIT Press, 2005).

David C. Brock is Senior Research Fellow at the Chemical Heritage Foundation's Center for Contemporary History and the editor of Understanding Moore's Law: Four Decades of Innovation.

Table of Contents

Foreword Jay Last vii

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction 1

1 Fairchild Semiconductor, Silicon Technology, and Military Computing 9

2 Facsimiles and Interpretive Essays 45

Letter to Hayden Stone & Company, June 1957, Eugene and Rose Kleiner 45

Entries in Personal Notebook, 6, 11, and 18 November 1957, Jay Last 51

Entry in Patent Notebook, 1 December 1957, Jean Hoerni 59

Entry in Personal Notebook, 9 December 1957, Jay Last 65

Entry in Personal Notebook, 2 January 1958, Jay Last 69

Entry in Personal Notebook, 10 February 1958, Jay Last 76

Entry in Personal Notebook, 17 February 1958, Jay Last 80

Entry in Personal Notebook, 24 February 1958, Jay Last 87

Entry in Personal Notebook, 10 March 1958, Jay Last 95

Entry in Personal Notebook, 17 April 1958, Jay Last 101

Internal Progress Report, 1 May 1958, Cordon Moore 105

Entry in Personal Notebook, 7 May 1958, Jay Last 111

Entry in Personal Notebook, 27 May 1958, Jay Last 114

Entry in Personal Notebook, 30 June 1958, Jay Last 121

Entry in Personal Notebook, 5 August 1958, Jay Last 123

Print Advertisement by Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, 10 August 1958 127

Entry in Personal Notebook, 25 August 1958, Jay Last 130

Entry in Personal Notebook, 15 September 1958, Jay Last 135

Patent Disclosure, 14 January 1959, Jean Hoerni 141

Patent Disclosure, 20 January 1959, Jean Hoerni 146

Entry in Patent Notebook, 23 January 1959, Robert Noyce 150

Entry in Personal Notebook, 18 March 1959, Jay Last 162

"New Products Steal the Show," Leadwire, September 1959 168

Internal Memorandum, 5 November 1959, Cordon Moore 171

Leadwire, Volume 1, Number 5, November 1959 180

Device Drawing, 22 December 1959, Lionel Kattner 186

Entry in Patent Notebook, 23 February 1960, Jay Last 190

Entry in Patent Notebook, 26 May 1960, Lionel Kattner 193

Entries in Patent Notebook, 7 August, 31 August, and 13 September 1960, Isy Haas 199

Note on Micrologic Elements, 22 September I960, Robert Norman 205

Lecture Notes, 30 September 1960, Jay Last 210

Company Profile, Solid State Journal, September-October 1960 216

Internal Progress Report, 1 October 1960, Jay Last 223

Internal Memorandum, 1 December 1961, Robert Graham 229

Conclusion 233

Appendix: Semiconductor Technology in the Late 1950s and the Early 1960s 241

Notes 265

Bibliography 295

Index 307

What People are Saying About This

William Aspray

Anyone with an interest in the history of modern electronics — such as computing hardware — should know the history of semiconductors. With an astute selection of the key documents, together with technically and historically informed commentary, this book documents the critical first four years (1957 - 1961) of Fairchild Semiconductor, as the company's young engineers and scientists moved from research results to reliable practice in making silicon semiconductors.

Steven W. Usselman

This thoughtfully conceived and nicely executed book offers a wealth of insights into the early history of the silicon revolution. Its newly disclosed documents and unusually perceptive commentary and analysis provide unprecedented glimpses into the inner workings of Fairchild Semiconductor and the remarkable entrepreneurial team that propelled this transforming epic in modern business and technological history.

Andrew S. Grove

The creation of the silicon integrated circuit was the pivotal event that launched the digital revolution. This book provides a detailed and objective examination of how it came about — a very valuable contribution.

Carver A. Mead

The microchip has changed the world like no other invention in history.

This book is a close-up of the time and place where it was born. A fascinating story, told with the actual documents of those who lived it. I could not put it down.

Thomas J. Misa

These original documents and historical commentaries present a unique window on the birth of the silicon age. A splendid way to understand innovation — peering over the shoulders of Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner and other Fairchild Semiconductor insiders as they struggled to create silicon-based integrated circuits, a fundamental building block of the modern age.

From the Publisher

"The creation of the silicon integrated circuit was the pivotal event that launched the digital revolution. This book provides a detailed and objective examination of how it came about — a very valuable contribution." — Andrew S. Grove, Former Chairman and CEO, Intel Corporation

"The microchip has changed the world like no other invention in history. This book is a close-up of the time and place where it was born. A fascinating story, told with the actual documents of those who lived it. I could not put it down." — Carver A. Mead, Gordon and Betty Moore Professor of Engineering and Applied Science, Emeritus, California Institute of Technology

"These original documents and historical commentaries present a unique window on the birth of the silicon age. A splendid way to understand innovation — peering over the shoulders of Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner and other Fairchild Semiconductor insiders as they struggled to create silicon-based integrated circuits, a fundamental building block of the modern age." — Thomas J. Misa, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota

"This thoughtfully conceived and nicely executed book offers a wealth of insights into the early history of the silicon revolution. Its newly disclosed documents and unusually perceptive commentary and analysis provide unprecedented glimpses into the inner workings of Fairchild Semiconductor and the remarkable entrepreneurial team that propelled this transforming epic in modern business and technological history." — Steven W. Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology

Martin Kenney

Makers of the Microchip is a fascinating study of the early years of Fairchild Semiconductor, the firm that put the 'silicon' in Silicon Valley. Through the use of historical documents and erudite commentary, this book brilliantly weaves together the technical and business dimensions to provide insight into the logic that drove Fairchild and made it one of the most important entrepreneurial firms of the second half of the Twentieth Century.

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