Managing Innovation In Healthcare

by James Barlow

Overview

'The book would be a great text for advanced healthcare students, as it is chock-full of fair-minded and complete discussions of different scholarly views. The book contains the musts of excellent text books too: ample caselets, boxes and figures that illustrate key concepts; chapter summaries; and a distillation of key concepts and further reading suggestions stud every chapter. It is useful for practitioners too, with excellent text and case examples of how different nations approach innovation and quality measurement — e.g. pay for performance models — and full discussions of regulations of drugs and devices. All in all, a terrific book for those of us frustrated by the plethora of "˜shoulds' and the shortages of "˜how tos' in healthcare innovations.'
Regina HerzlingerHarvard Business SchoolAcross the world, the demands placed on health systems are growing rapidly. Developed countries face the challenge of providing services to an ageing population with changing health needs, while countries with developing health systems must find ways of ensuring their populations are provided with access to healthcare. Innovative thinking is essential to meet these twin challenges, but innovation is both a cause and cure of many struggles in healthcare — we need it, but it is hard to manage and the introduction of new technology can lead to higher costs.Using real-life examples and case studies from around the world, this book introduces the latest thinking on understanding and managing healthcare innovation more effectively. It does this from the perspective of governments responsible for shaping health policy, healthcare organisations providing services and juggling competing demands, and from the perspective of the industries that supply the new drugs, devices and other technologies.Managing Innovation in Healthcare is the perfect accompaniment for MSc, PhD and MBA students on health policy, management and public health courses, as well as managers, consultants and policy makers involved in healthcare services in both the public and private sector.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781786341525
Publisher:	World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd
Publication date:	01/24/2017
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	444
Product dimensions:	6.50(w) x 9.70(h) x 0.80(d)

Table of Contents

Preface and acknowledgements v

About the author ix

List of case studies xvii

List of tables xix

List of figures xxi

List of boxes xxiii

Chapter 1 Why do we need to understand healthcare innovation? 1

Three innovation challenges for 21st century healthcare 3

Resources, costs, and demand - the challenges for advanced health systems 4

Healthcare technology innovation is big business - but it needs to evolve 6

Delivering universal high quality healthcare in lower-income countries 9

How this book is organised 13

Selected further reading 18

Chapter 2 Technology and innovation management: the nuts and bolts 19

What is 'technology'? 21

Hard and soft technologies 22

Technology determinism 24

Why we need to be more precise in our definitions of 'innovation' 25

Scope: how new is new? 28

Form: product, process or service? 31

Types of innovation - radical, incremental and others 33

Confusing 'radical', 'discontinuous' and 'disruptive' innovation 34

The origins of innovation - lead users and open innovation 36

Technology, innovation and performance improvement 40

Innovation as a process: invention, commercialisation, diffusion 42

New product development 44

Experimentation, 'fast fail', 'safe fail' 48

Innovation adoption and diffusion 50

Language matters - some definitions 50

Factors influencing adoption and diffusion 52

Moving from a view of adoption that is focused on individual users 59

Applying lessons on technology and innovation management to healthcare 64

Chapter summary 65

Questions for discussion 66

Selected further reading 67

Chapter 3 Innovation in healthcare - a special case? 69

What is healthcare technology and healthcare innovation? 72

What do healthcare innovations typically look like? 75

Risk and regulation 81

Innovation economics - another reason why healthcare is different? 83

Implications for policy makers and payers 87

The productivity problem in healthcare 90

Why healthcare is different - the innovation adoption process 93

'Process' studies of healthcare innovation 95

Chapter summary 97

Questions for discussion 98

Selected further reading 99

Chapter 4 Innovation processes part 1 - developing and commercialising healthcare technologies 101

New product development - the drug industries 105

The rise in use of 'generics' 111

An increasingly tight regulatory and payer environment 112

The drug industry's response to the productivity crisis 114

The emerging role of medical biotechnology 118

Developing new medical devices 122

Industry structure and innovation trends 122

The medical devices innovation pathway 128

The role of users in developing healthcare innovations - lead user, user-led and open innovation 131

Open innovation in the medical devices sector 134

Open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry 136

Government support for creating healthcare technology innovation - the case of the UK's NHS 141

An anti-innovation culture? 142

Bridging the funding gaps 144

Towards an open and user-led innovation model within the NHS 153

Chapter summary 155

Questions for discussion 156

Selected further reading 157

Chapter 5 Innovation processes part 2 - implementing and sustaining innovation in healthcare organisations 159

What research on adoption from outside healthcare tells us - a recap 161

Innovation adoption and diffusion in healthcare 167

The innovation itself - its characteristics and 'inner context' 171

The 'outer context' for the innovation 173

Complexity, stakeholders, engagement 174

Organisational characteristics and innovation adoption 177

Evidence and innovation - too much, too little, too late? 179

Implementation and 'normalisation' are not the same as adoption 183

Scaling-up 194

Innovation adoption from the perspective of health technology suppliers 197

Supporting adoption and spread 200

Knowledge management, knowledge mobilisation or knowledge translation? 202

Incentivising innovation through financial measures - reimbursing the cost of innovation, paying for performance 208

Pay for performance and outcomes based payments 211

Pay for performance in access to drugs 216

Incentivising innovation through public-private partnership (PPP) models 219

Chapter summary 222

Questions for discussion 223

Selected further reading 224

Chapter 6 Disruptive and frugal innovation in healthcare, we think we need it - but what is it? 227

Disruptive innovation defined 229

Disruptive innovation and healthcare 235

Solutions to the cost crisis in advanced health systems 237

What do disruptive innovations in advanced health systems look like? 243

Point of care testing and imaging - a technological driver of disruptive innovation? 246

Technological drivers of disruptive innovation - does the concept hold for the drug industry? 252

Disruption and healthcare infrastructure 255

Access to healthcare in lower income countries - disruptive or frugal innovation? 267

New business models are just as important as technology 274

Frugal innovation - or disruptive innovation? 280

Transferability of frugal innovations to developed health systems - what are the limits? 285

Regulation and health technology assessment 287

Chapter summary 289

Questions for discussion 290

Selected further reading 291

Chapter 7 Healthcare innovation in a complex system 293

What is a complex system and what does this mean for healthcare? 295

Level, scale, boundaries and time 298

Applying complexity theory to healthcare 302

Managing healthcare innovation in a world of complexity 306

Complexity and whole system change in healthcare 310

Policy innovation - pilots, pilots and more pilots … and modelling 310

Simulation and modelling 326

Tackling health service challenges through 'whole system change' 327

Systems thinking for global health 337

Chapter summary 342

Questions for discussion 343

Selected further reading 343

Chapter 8 Conclusions 345

The big challenges revisited 348

The solutions 350

So what is the role of technology and innovation? 352

What is on the horizon? 355

It is not just about medical devices and drugs 358

Managing healthcare innovation - closing thoughts 360

References 361

Index 395