Table of Contents
Preface xi
1 An Introduction to Medieval Art 1
The True Cross 1
BOX: The Idea of the Middle Ages 3
Christianity and the Early Christian Church 3
BOX: The Christian Story and Liturgical Cycles 4
Traditional Roman Art 6
BOX: From idealism and Realism to Abstraction 8
Official Art Under Constantine 9
Constantine and the Christians 10
Theodosius and Official Art in the Later Fourth Century 11
2 The Early Christian Period 13
Jewish and Christian Art Before Constantine 14
Christian Art in the Age of Constantine 21
BOX: Types and Typology 22
Architecture 23
BOX: The Christian Basilica: Sta. Sabina 24
The Fifth Century 32
BOX: Galla Placidia 33
Rome in the Fifth Century 34
Fifth-Century Architecture and Decoration Outside Rome 38
BOX: Ezekiel and St. John 40
3 The Early Byzantine Period The First Golden Age 45
Architecture 48
BOX: The Dome 51
BOX: Neoplatonism and the Aesthetics of Light 54
Byzantine Mosaics 58
BOX: Monasticism 65
Jewish Mosaics 65
Ivories and Manuscripts 67
Icons and Iconoclasm 72
4 Early Medieval Art in the West 75
A Brief History 78
BOX: Barbarian Imagery 78
The Art of the Goths and Langobards 79
BOX: Visigothic Scholar 80
The Art of the Merovingian Franks 82
The Art of the Vendels and Vikings 86
BOX: Viking Westward Exploration 88
Art in the British Isles 89
BOX: Anglo-Saxon Riddles 92
5 Carolingian Art 101
BOX: The Value of Art 103
Carolingian Architecture 103
Carolingian Painting and Sculpture 109
Later Carolingian Art 114
BOX: How to Make Ink 119
BOX: Monks, Canons, and Lay Abbots 120
6 Rivals from the East Byzantine and Islamic Art 127
The Middle Byzantine Period, 867-1204 129
The Middle Byzantine Church 133
BOX: The Hierarchy of Angels 137
Byzantine Art Outside the Empire 139
Byzantine Art in the West 140
The Byzantine Contribution to the Art of the West 141
Islamic Art 143
Architecture 144
The Decorative Arts 146
The Norman Kingdom in Sicily: A Unique Case Study 148
BOX: A Royal Palace 153
BOX: The Imperial Ideal: Early Medieval Reactions to Ancient Rome 154
7 Art at the Millennium The Imperial Tradition Continues 155
Asturian and Mozarabic Art in Spain 157
Mozarabic Art in Northern Spain 158
BOX: Mozarabic and Mudejar Art 158
The Lombard-Catalan Style in Italy, France, and Catalonia (Catalunya) 161
BOX: Masonry Construction 163
The Congregation of Cluny 166
The Art of Scandinavia and the British Isles 168
BOX: Timber Construction Techniques 169
BOX: Anglo-Saxon Painting 172
The Art of the Ottoman Empire 173
Ottonian Church Treasures 180
Ottonian Architecture and Bronze Sculpture 182
BOX: Bronze Casting 187
8 Romanesque Art 191
BOX: The European Economy in the Twelfih Century 192
Secular Architecture 193
The Empire and the Papacy 194
Catalonia (Catalunya) 201
The "Pilgrimage Style" in Languedoc and Northern Spain 202
BOX: Romanesque Aesthetics 204
Burgundy 208
The Cistercians 216
BOX: Cistercian Building 218
Western France (Aquitaine) 219
Normandy and England 222
BOX: On the Diverse Arts 225
9 Origins of Gothic Art The "Year 1200" Style 227
The First Gothic Churches 229
BOX: The Term "Gothic," 229
BOX: How We Refer to Cathedrals 233
Stained Glass 234
Early Gothic Sculpture 236
BOX: How to Make a Stained-Glass Window 237
The New Gothic Cathedrals 240
BOX: Flying Buttresses 244
English Gothic Art 247
Books for Women 250
Art of the "Year 1200," 251
The Spread of Early Gothic Art 256
10 Mature Gothic Art 259
The Cathedral of Chartres 261
The Architecture of Cathedrals 264
BOX: The Seven-Spire Church 274
Architectural Sculpture 275
BOX: Villard de Honnecourt 283
BOX: Roman de la Rose (Romance of the Rose) 284
Gothic Art in England 285
Gothic Art in the Empire: Germany and Italy 290
BOX: Franciscans and Dominicans 295
The Art of the French Court and the Rayonnant Style 296
Approaches to Gothic Art 300
BOX: The Royal Ideal: The Gothic Reaction to the Romanesque 302
11 Rayonnant Gothic and its Reverberations 303
The Later Rayonnant Style 304
BOX: Guillaume de Machaut 307
England and the Decorated Style 310
BOX: The Elaboration of the Ribbed Vault 312
BOX: Mabel of Bury St. Edmonds 318
Gothic Art in German Lands 319
The Synagogue 322
Catalonia (Catalunya) 324
Gothic Art in Italy 325
Fourteenth-Century Italian Painting 329
The Character of Gothic Art 334
12 Late Gothic Art 335
The End of the Middle Ages 352
Timeline: Europe in the Middle Ages 355
Glossary 365
Selected Readings 379
Photo Credits 389
Index 395
