Microbial DNA and Host Immunity

by Eyal Raz

Overview

Leading researchers review the activation of the mammalian immune system by bacterial DNA and its immunostimulatory sequences (ISS), and consider the applications of ISS in clinical medicine. The authors survey the latest findings concerning the receptor-recognition and signaling pathways triggered by ISS , the process of cell activation, and the potential vaccination strategies using ISS. Specific pharmaceutical applications discussed include infectious disease (Hepatitis B, HIV, and mycobacterial infections), allergy (asthma and conjunctivitis), cancer (lymphoma), and inflammation and autoimmunity (arthritis and colitis).

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781468497281
Publisher:	Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
Publication date:	10/08/2012
Edition description:	2002
Pages:	408
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.03(d)

Table of Contents

I: Introduction.- 1 Immunostimulatory DNA: An Overview.- 2 Historical Perspectives.- II: Receptors and Signaling.- 3 Signal Transduction Pathways Activated By CpG-DNA.- 4 A Novel Toll-Like Receptor that Recognizes Bacterial DNA.- 5 Activation of Innate Immunity by Microbial Nucleic Acids.- 6 Phosphorothioate Backbone Modification Changes the Pattern of Responses to CpG.- III: Cell Activation.- 7 Activation of NK Cell By Immunostimulatory Oligo-DNA in Mouse and Human.- 8 Regulation of Antigen Presenting Cell Function by CpG DNA.- 9 Activation of B Cells by CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA.- 10 IFN-Dependent Pathways for Stimulation of Memory CD8+ Cells.- 11 Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells by Immunostimulatory Sequence DNA.- IV: Vaccination Strategies.- 12 The Th1 Adjuvant Effect of Immunostimulatory (ISS) DNA Sequences.- 13 Immunostimulatory DNA Prepriming for the Induction of Th1 and Prevention of Th2 Biased Immune Responses.- 14 Protein-Immunostimulatory DNA-Conjugate: A Novel Immunogen.- 15 Immunostimulatory DNA Sequence-Based Mucosal Vaccines.- 16 Enhancement of the Immunoadjuvant Activity of Immunostimulatory DNA Sequence by Liposomal Delivery.- 17 Immunostimulatory Sequences in Plasmid Vectors.- V: Applications—Infectious Disease.- 18 Comparison of CpG DNA with Other Adjuvants for Vaccination Against Hepatitis B.- 19 Immunostimulatory DNA-Based Immunization: Hope for an HIV Vaccine?.- 20 Immunoprotective Activity of CpG Oligonucleotides.- 21 Protective Immunity of Immunostimulatory Sequences Against Mycobacterial Infection.- VI: Applications—Allergy.- 22 DNA-Based Immunotherapeutics For Allergic Disease.- 23 Immunostimulatory DNA for Allergic Asthma.- 24 CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides in Asthma.- 25 Modulation of Allergic Conjunctivitis by Immunostimulatory DNA SequenceOligonucleotides.- VII: Applications—Cancer.- 26 CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Lymphoma.- VIII: Inflammation and Autoimmunity.- 27 The Antigenicity of Bacterial DNA.- 28 Inflammatogenic Properties of Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences.- 29 The Role of Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences in Arthritis.- 30 Effects of Immunostimulatory DNA Oligonucleotides on Experimental Colitis.- IX: Safety Considerations.- 31 CpG ODN—Safety Considerations.

Editorial Reviews

3 Stars from Doody

Reviewer: Eugene A Davidson, PhD (Georgetown University School of Medicine)
Description: This book contains a series of reviews on immunostimulatory DNA. Aspects of receptor recognition, signaling pathways, utility in vaccine development, and several direct applications are discussed.
Purpose: The goal is to provide a broad overview of the properties and applications of specific DNA sequences known to stimulate host immune responses. This is a worthwhile endeavor and the book is of value.
Audience: The target audience includes a broad range of scientists working on immune mechanisms, vaccine development, and related areas. The material will be of interest to graduate students, research fellows, and senior investigators. The chapters are authored by reputable and experienced scientists.
Features: The current interest in vaccine development makes this a timely contribution. Since the routine adjuvants usually employed in animal studies are not suitable for use in man, new strategies to enhance host immune response are constantly sought. The inmethylated CpG repeats common in bacterial DNA have been known for some years to exert a stimulatory effect on immune responses. This book reviews these effects in a set of 31 chapters. Following two introductory, largely historical chapters, aspects of receptor recognition, signaling pathways, and cellular effects are reviewed. These sections are followed by discussions of various vaccination strategies including application to cancer, allergy and autoimmune disease. Each chapter has a suitable bibliography thus providing a broad set of references. Investigators interested in the overall utility of these DNA sequences will find useful material. As with many similar books, a chapter highlighting limitations and caveats would have been valuable.
Assessment: This is a valuable addition to the vaccinology library. Interest in this area is high and the book is timely.

Doody's Review Service

"I am delighted, therefore to have found this book, which thoroughly reviews the field by contributions from most of the key names associated with the subject. For those not yet initiated into the tell-tale nature of ISS-DNA presented by non-self, the excellent introductory chapter by Eyal Raz(Editor) will reveal all you need to know to read the rest of the book. It summarizes the role of Toll Receptors(TLR) as sensors of infection by recognition of conserved molecular patterns in pathogenic bacteria (PAMPS), a subject very topical these days but riddled with a lot of new reference terms for the poor immunologist to contend with. This new book highlights the fact that even the ubiquitous DNA molecule has been the subject of critical censorship during evolution and has allowed the mammalian innate immune response to use subtle differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA to inform of bacterial invasion...recommended as an excellent library acquisition, if not a departmental one." — Immunology News

"This is a worthwhile endeavor and the book is of value. Investigators interested in the overall utility of these DNA sequences will find useful material..." -Doody's Health Sciences Book Review Journal

From the Publisher