Modeling Coastal And Offshore Processes

by Phil Dyke

Overview

Modeling is now a major tool for important environmental strategies. This book allows the non-specialist reader to understand and criticize current models of the shallow sea and coastal environments. Sufficient background on mathematics and statistics is covered, but readers disinclined to spend time on this may use the book as a reference guide in modeling. Topics include the numerical schemes used, modeling the sea bed, modeling shallow sea dynamics and, unusually for this type of book, modeling ecosystems and animals.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781860946752
Publisher:	Imperial College Press
Publication date:	04/18/2007
Pages:	412
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.80(d)

Table of Contents

Preface     vii
Modeling Preliminaries     1
Introduction     1
Introduction to Modeling     2
Environmental Issues     4
The Modeling Process     7
Engineering Projects and Consultancy     11
Public Perception and Legal Issues     12
Mathematical Preliminaries     15
Statistical Preliminaries     28
Maximum Likelihood Estimation     40
Regression     42
Principal Component Analysis     48
Exercises     55
Modeling Tools and Techniques     57
Introduction     57
The Buckingham Pi Theorem     59
Dynamic Balances     62
The Kalman Filter and Data Assimilation     66
New Ideas on Modeling     69
Genetic Algorithms     70
Neural Networks     71
Exercises     72
Mathematical Foundations     73
Introduction     73
Fluid Mechanics     73
The Shallow Water Equations     78
Bernoulli Equation     81
Modeling Waves     83
Simple Harmonic Motion     85
Energy of WaterWaves     94
Linear Surface Water Waves     96
Modeling Turbulence     99
Parameterising Bottom Friction     106
Exercises     108
Numerical Methods     111
Introduction     111
Finite Differences     114
Errors and Instability     118
Finite Differences in Coastal Sea Modeling     123
The Arakawa Grids     127
Boundary Conditions     129
The Sea Bed     134
Coastlines     140
Open Boundaries     143
The Start Condition     146
Finite Element Schemes     146
Rayleigh-Ritz Method     149
Galerkin Weighted Residual Technique     151
Finite Element Techniques in Coastal Sea Modeling     153
Computational Fluid Dynamics     156
Practical Data Assimilation     158
Exercises     161
Modeling Diffusion     163
Introduction     163
The Process of Diffusion     164
Fickian Diffusion     165
Shear Diffusion     172
Homogeneous Diffusion     176
Particle Tracking     181
Box Models     183
Case Studies in Diffusion     184
A Particle Tracking Model     184
Modeling Diffusion in the North Sea     188
Modeling the Motion of Spilt Oil     190
Multi-Phase Oil Spill Modeling     194
Modeling Plumes     195
Exercises     200
Shoreline Management     203
Introduction     203
Applied Linear Wave Theory     205
Real Sea Waves     211
Extreme Events     222
Interactions and Wider Issues     227
Coastline Change     233
Modeling Erosion     234
Currents     236
Software for Erosion Modeling     237
Risk and Forecasting     244
Exercises     247
Ecosystems and other Biological-Modeling     249
Introduction     249
Population Models     250
Michaelis-Menten Relationship     258
Ecosystem Modeling     262
Predator-Prey Ecosystems     263
Simple Ecosystems Models     266
Many Variable Ecosystem Models     269
Ecosystems Software     285
Modeling Animals      290
Summary     296
Exercises     297
Climate Change and Other Topics     299
Introduction     299
Model Hierarchy     302
Ocean Models     304
Tides on Continental Shelves     313
Modeling Kelvin Waves     317
Numerical Models of Tides     319
Wind Driven and Other Currents     322
Storm Surge Modeling     328
Trapped Waves and Currents     332
Estuarial Circulation     341
Models of Langmuir Circulation     349
Waves and Flows around Islands     351
Steady Flows     360
The Firth of Forth and Forth Estuary, a Case Study     362
Exercises     365
Conclusion     367
Answers to and Comments on the Exercises     369
Chapter 1     369
Chapter 2     370
Chapter 3     371
Chapter 4     372
Chapter 5     373
Chapter 6     375
Chapter 7     377
Chapter 8     379
Notation     383
Bibliography     387
Index     393