Table of Contents
Natural Gas Energy Measurement I
Preface A. Attari, Symposium Chairman Donald L. Klass, Vice President, Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois iii
Thermal Energy Measurement
1 Gas Measurement - The Need and the Reality P. A. Hoglund, Washington Natural Gas Company, Seattle, Washington 1
2 Natural Gas Properties Calculations from Composition K. R. Hail, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 9
3 Heating Values of Components of Natural Gas D. Garvin E. S. Domalski, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland R. C. Wilhoit G. R. Somayajulu K. N. Marsh, Texas ASM University, College Station, Texas 19
4 Effect of C6 Hydrocarbons on Dewpoints and Heating Values R. F. Bukacek, Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois 29
5 Effect of Water Vapor on Heating Value R. J. Rau, Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 37
Calibration Standards
6 Preparation of Standards for Gas Analysis G. C. Rhoderick E. E. Hughes, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland 45
7 New Standards from the Institute of Gas Technology B. H. Solka A. Attari, Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois 55
8 The Role of Calibration Standards in the Analysis of Natural Gas Liquids S. L. Brandt, Phillips Chemical Company, Phillips, Texas 67
9 Commercially Available Calibration Gases D. P. Norris, Big Three Industries, Inc., La Porte, Texas 85
10 Composite Sampling of Natural Gas T. F. Welker, Welker Engineering Company, Sugar Land, Texas 103
Automated Energy Measurement
11 Energy Measurement with an On-Line GC W. Dean, Daniel Industries, Inc., Houston, Texas 113
12 Field Experience in Measuring Energy Delivered with Gaseous Fuels W. H. Clingman L. Kennedy, Precision Machine Products, Inc. K. R. Hall J. Holste, Texas A&M University, College, Station, Texas 123
13 Comparison of Data from Direct and Indirect BTU Measurement C. J. Louttit, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, California 135
14 Electronic Flow Measurement for Custody Transfer J. M. Minich, Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America 167
15 Real Time Energy Measurement A. P. Foundos A. F. Kersey, Fluid Data, Inc., Merrick, New York 193
Energy Measurement Accuracy
16 Energy Measurement Accuracy R. N. Cury, (Retired), Texas Gas Resources Corporation, Texas 201
Natural Gas Energy Measurement II
Measurement Fundamentals
1 Calculation of the Heating Value of Natural Gas from the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Pure Components K. N. Marsh, Texas ASM University, College Station, Texas 207
2 Gas Flow Measurement: Calibration Facilities and Fluid Metering Traceability at the National Bureau of Standards G. E. Mattingly, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland 219
3 Cross Reference Service of Natural Gas Standards in the United States J. C. Shapiro G. R. Burkett W. A. Crowley, Scott Specialty Gases, Inc., Troy, Michigan 243
Volumetric Measurement
4 New Concepts in Gas Calibration E. J. Dahn, Flow Technology. Inc., Phoenix, Arizona 255
5 Microstructure Sensors for Flow, Differential Pressure and Energy Measurement R. Higashi R. G. Johnson A. K. Mathur A. N. Pearman U. Boone, Honeywell. Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota 263
Thermal Energy Measurement
6 The Smart-Cal/Cutler Hammer Calorimeter Combination for Better Performance and Data Processing A. F. Kersey, Fluid Data, Inc., Merrick, New York 279
7 A New On-Line Technique for Natural Gas Calorimetry J. J. Singh D. R. Sprinkle R. L. Puster, NASA Langly Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 283
8 Availability of NBS - Traceable Calibration Gas Standards from IGT - Program Update B. H. Solka A. Attari, Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, Illinois 309
9 The Effect of Moisture Content on Natural Gas Heating Value T. J. Glazebrook, Tenngasco Corporation, Alexandria, Louisiana 321
10 On-Line Chromatography J. L. Shafer, UGC Industries, Shreveport, Louisiana 327
11 Reliability of Component Analysis by Gas Chromatograph for Calculation of Heating Value R. M. Batubara K. Tatang P. T. Badak NGL Co., Bontang-Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia 335
12 Enriched Synthetic Natural Gas Measurement T. A. Clark, ENERCO, Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii 361
13 Automated Gas Analysis System H. L. Humbke, Nova, an Alberta Corporation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 377
14 Linearity and Reliability Determination of BTU Analysis by Process Gas Chromatography L. Fields, Daniel Industries, Inc., Houston, Texas 387
Field Applications of Energy Measurement
15 On-Site Energy Measurement R. A. Price, Southern California Gas Company, Los Angeles, California 397
16 Continuous Measurement of Calorific Value of Natural Gas M. Haruta K. Uekuri Y. Kiuchi, Osaka Gas Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan 401
17 Direct Measurement of Energy Flow - Recent Field Experience C. H. Griffis, Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois W. H. Clingman L. R. Kennedy, Precision Measurement Incorporated, Duncanvilte, Texas K. R. Hall J. C. Holste, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 429
18 Long Term Gas Sampling and Heating Value Calculations from GC-Analysis K. Homann H. J. Krabbe, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany 441
19 Heat Quantity Determination in Long Distance Gas Transmission G. Strulik T. Fischer, Gas Quality and Quantity Control, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany 463
20 Status of Federal Regulation of Natural Gas and its Implications for Field Applications of Energy Measurement P. D. Hubbard, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 479
