Table of Contents
Preface ix
Contributors xi
1 Pregnancy and Multiple Sclerosis Laura Airas Masoud Etemadifar Amir-Hadi Maghzi 1
Introduction 1
How Pregnancy Affects the Disease Activity 2
Pregnancy Outcome Among MS Mothers 3
Treatment of MS Mothers During Pregnancy and Lactation 4
Immunologic Basis of Pregnancy-Induced Disease Remission 6
Conclusion 8
2 Headache in Pregnancy Debra Elliott Xiangping Li Peimin Zhu Emil Gaitour 13
Introduction 13
Epidemiology of Headache in Pregnancy 13
Pathophysiology of Primary Headache During Pregnancy 18
Management of Primary Headache in Pregnancy 22
Pharmacologic Treatments 25
Secondary Headaches and Their Management 32
Conclusion 44
3 Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy Fernanda Campos da Silva Luciana Carneiro do Cima Renato Augusto Moreira de Sá 55
Introduction 55
Clinical Features 55
Diagnosis 56
General Aspects of Preconception Care 57
Effect of Preganancy on MG 57
Effect of MG in Pregnancy 58
Treatment 60
Labor and Delivery 63
Effects on the Fetus and Neonate 65
4 Postpartum Angiopathy and Related Disorders Jennifer E. Fugate Alejandro A. Rabinstein 69
Background and Context 69
Postpartum Angiopathy 69
5 Neurology of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia Roger E. Kelley Maike Tiede Blaya Patricia Colon 79
Pathophysiology 79
Neurologic Manifestations of Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia 80
Cerebrovascular Disease 82
Epilepsy 85
Neurobehavioral Aspects of Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia 87
6 Epilepsy and Pregnancy John W. Kevill Eduardo Gonzalez-Toledo 91
Introduction 91
History 92
Fertility and Epilepsy 94
Contraception and Epilepsy 96
The Effect of Pregnancy on Epilepsy 97
The Effects of Epilepsy on Pregnancy 100
Eclampsia 101
Effects of Maternal Seizures on the Developing Fetus 107
Effects of Epilepsy Treatment on the Developing Fetus 108
Evaluation of a First Seizure in a Pregnant Patient 110
Summary 114
7 Movement Disorders and Pregnancy Natalya Shneyder Aimee Borazanci Aronkumar Reddy Emil Gaitour Alireza Minagar Stephen L. Jaffe 123
Introduction 123
Parkinson's Disease 123
Chorea Gravidarum 125
Huntington's Disease 126
Dystonia 126
Essential Tremor 127
Wilson's Disease 128
Restless Legs Syndrome 129
Tourette's Syndrome 129
Conclusions 130
8 Psychiatric Disorders and Pregnancy Nadejda Alekseeva Rita Horton Felix Geller Jeanie McGee Alireza Minagar 135
Introduction 135
Schizophrenia and Pregnancy 135
Course of Schizophrenia During Pregnancy and Postpartum 137
Antipsychotic Medications and Pregnancy 138
BPD and Pregnancy 143
Postpartum Depression 145
Anxiety Disorders and Pregnancy 147
Eating Disorders and Pregnancy 151
Conclusion 152
9 Neuromuscular Diseases in Pregnancy Kourosh Rezania 159
Pathophysiology 159
Neuromuscular Diseases that Result from Pregnancy, Labor, and the Postpartum Period 161
Muscle Cramps 166
Pregnancy and Underlying Neuromuscular Disease 166
Inflammatory Neuropathies 167
Hereditary Neuropathies 169
Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 170
Hereditary Myopathies 171
Motor Neuron Diseases 175
10 Sleep Disorders and Pregnancy Ahmet Ursavas 185
Regular Sleep Duration and Pattern in Pregnancy 185
Sleep Deprivation in Pregnancy 186
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Pregnancy 188
Other Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy 197
