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Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780128110027 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Elsevier Science |
Publication date: | 03/31/2020 |
Edition description: | 4th ed. |
Pages: | 634 |
Product dimensions: | 7.30(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.20(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface to the Fourth Edition xv
Preface to the Third Edition xvii
Preface to the Second Edition xix
Preface to the First Edition xxi
Chapter 1 The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 1
1.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Optics 1
1.2 Descriptions of Nonlinear Optical Processes 4
1.2.1 Second-Harmonic Generation 4
1.2.2 Sum- and Difference-Frequency Generation 6
1.2.3 Sum-Frequency Generation 7
1.2.4 Difference-Frequency Generation 8
1.2.5 Optical Parametric Oscillation 9
1.2.6 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes 10
1.2.7 Third-Harmonic Generation 10
1.2.8 Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index 11
1.2.9 Third-Order Interactions (General Case) 11
1.2.10 Parametric versus Nonparametric Processes 13
1.2.11 Saturable Absorption 14
1.2.12 Two-Photon Absorption 15
1.2.13 Stimulated Raman Scattering 16
1.3 Formal Definition of the Nonlinear Susceptibility 16
1.4 Nonlinear Susceptibility of a Classical Anharmonic Oscillator 20
1.4.1 Noncentrosymmetric Media 21
1.4.2 Miller's Rule 26
1.4.3 Centrosymmetric Media 27
1.5 Properties of the Nonlinear Susceptibility 32
1.5.1 Reality of the Fields 33
1.5.2 Intrinsic Permutation Symmetry 34
1.5.3 Symmetries for Lossless Media 34
1.5.4 Field Energy Density for a Nonlinear Medium 35
1.5.5 Kleinman's Symmetry 37
1.5.6 Contracted Notation 38
1.5.7 Effective Value of d (deff) 40
1.5.8 Spatial Symmetry of the Nonlinear Medium 41
1.5.9 Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Linear Optical Properties of a Material Medium 41
1.5.10 Influence of Inversion Symmetry on the Second-Order Nonlinear Response 42
1.5.11 Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Second-Order Susceptibility 44
1.5.12 Number of Independent Elements of X2ijk(ω3, ω2, ω1) 45
1.5.13 Distinction between Noncentrosymmetric and Cubic Crystal Classes 45
1.5.14 Distinction between Noncentrosymmetric and Polar Crystal Classes 50
1.5.15 Influence of Spatial Symmetry on the Third-Order Nonlinear Response 50
1.6 Time-Domain Description of Optical Nonlinearities 50
1.7 Kramers-Kronig Relations in Linear and Nonlinear Optics 56
1.7.1 Kramers-Kronig Relations in Linear Optics 56
1.7.2 Kramers-Kronig Relations in Nonlinear Optics 59
Problems 61
References 63
Chapter 2 Wave-Equation Description of Nonlinear Optical interactions 65
2.1 The Wave Equation for Nonlinear Optical Media 65
2.2 The Coupled-Wave Equations for Sum-Frequency Generation 70
2.2.1 Phase-Matching Considerations 72
2.3 Phase Matching 74
2.4 Quasi-Phase-Matching (QPM) 79
2.5 The Manley-Rowe Relations 83
2.6 Sum-Frequency Generation 86
2.7 Second-Harmonic Generation 91
2.7.1 Applications of Second-Harmonic Generation 98
2.8 Difference-Frequency Generation and Parametric Amplification 100
2.9 Optical Parametric Oscillators 102
2.9.1 Influence of Cavity Mode Structure on OPO Tuning 105
2.10 Nonlinear Optical Interactions with Focused Gaussian Beams 109
2.10.1 Paraxial Wave Equation 109
2.10.2 Gaussian Beams 110
2.10.3 Harmonic Generation Using Focused Gaussian Beams 112
2.11 Nonlinear Optics at an Interface 116
2.12 Advanced Phase Matching Methods 121
Problems 130
References 134
Chapter 3 Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 137
3.1 Introduction 137
3.2 Schrödinger Equation Calculation of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 138
3.2.1 Energy Eigenstates 139
3.2.2 Perturbation Solution to Schrödinger's Equation 140
3.2.3 Linear Susceptibility 142
3.2.4 Second-Order Susceptibility 144
3.2.5 Third-Order Susceptibility 146
3.2.6 Third-Harmonic Generation in Alkali Metal Vapors 148
3.3 Density Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics 151
3.3.1 Example: Two-Level Atom 158
3.4 Perturbation Solution of the Density Matrix Equation of Motion 159
3.5 Density Matrix Calculation of the Linear Susceptibility 161
3.5.1 Linear Response Theory 164
3.6 Density Matrix Calculation of the Second-Order Susceptibility 169
3.6.1 χ(2) in the Limit of Nonresonant Excitation 178
3.7 Density Matrix Calculation of the Third-Order Susceptibility 179
3.8 Electromagnetically Induced Transparency 184
3.9 Local-Field Effects in the Nonlinear Optics 192
3.9.1 Local-Field Effects in Linear Optics 192
3.9.2 Local-Field Effects in Nonlinear Optics 194
Problems 198
References 201
Chapter 4 The Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index 203
4.1 Descriptions of the Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index 203
4.2 Tensor Nature of the Third-Order Susceptibility 209
4.2.1 Propagation through Isotropic Nonlinear Media 213
4.3 Nonresonant Electronic Nonlinearities 217
4.3.1 Classical, Anharmonic Oscillator Model of Electronic Nonlinearities 218
4.3.2 Quantum-Mechanical Model of Nonresonant Electronic Nonlinearities 218
4.3.3 χ(3) in the Low-Frequency Limit 222
4.4 Nonlinearities Due to Molecular Orientation 223
4.4.1 Tensor Properties of χ(3) for the Molecular Orientation Effect 229
4.5 Thermal Nonlinear Optical Effects 231
4.5.1 Thermal Nonlinearities with Continuous-Wave Laser Beams 233
4.5.2 Thermal Nonlinearities with Pulsed Laser Beams 234
4.6 Semiconductor Nonlinearities 235
4.6.1 Nonlinearities Resulting from Band-to-Band Transitions 235
4.6.2 Nonlinearities Involving Virtual Transitions 241
4.7 Concluding Remarks 243
Problems 245
References 247
Chapter 5 Molecular Origin of the Nonlinear Optical Response 249
5.1 Nonlinear Susceptibilities Calculated Using Time-Independent Perturbation Theory 249
5.1.1 Hydrogen Atom 250
5.1.2 General Expression for the Nonlinear Susceptibility in the Quasi-Static Limit 251
5.2 Semiempirical Models of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 255
Model of Boling, Glass, and Owyoung 256
5.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers 257
5.4 Bond-Charge Model of Nonlinear Optical Properties 259
5.5 Nonlinear Optics of Chiral Media 264
5.6 Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals 266
Problems 269
References 269
Chapter 6 Nonlinear Optics in the Two-Level Approximation 273
6.1 Introduction 273
6.2 Density Matrix Equations of Motion for a Two-Level Atom 274
6.2.1 Closed Two-Level Atom 276
6.2.2 Open Two-Level Atom 279
6.2.3 Two-Level Atom with a Non-Radiatively Coupled Third Level 279
6.3 Steady-State Response of a Two-Level Atom to a Monochromatic Field 280
6.4 Optical Bloch Equations 288
6.4.1 Harmonic Oscillator Form of the Density Matrix Equations 291
6.4.2 Adiabatic-Following Limit 293
6.5 Rabi Oscillations and Dressed Atomic States 295
6.5.1 Rabi Solution of the Schrodinger Equation 296
6.5.2 Solution for an Atom Initially in the Ground State 298
6.5.3 Dressed States 302
6.5.4 Inclusion of Relaxation Phenomena 305
6.6 Optical Wave Mixing in Two-Level Systems 307
6.6.1 Solution of the Density Matrix Equations for a Two-Level Atom in the Presence of Pump and Probe Fields 308
6.6.2 Nonlinear Susceptibility and Coupled-Amplitude Equations 315
Problems 319
References 320
Chapter 7 Processes Resulting from the Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index 321
7.1 Self-Focusing of Light and Other Self-Action Effects 321
7.1.1 Self-Trapping of Light 324
7.1.2 Mathematical Description of Self-Action Effects 327
7.1.3 Laser Beam Breakup into Many Filaments 328
7.1.4 Self-Action Effects with Pulsed Laser Beams 333
7.2 Optical Phase Conjugation 334
7.2.1 Aberration Correction by Phase Conjugation 336
7.2.2 Phase Conjugation by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing 338
7.2.3 Polarization Properties of Phase Conjugation 345
7.3 Optical Bistability and Optical Switching 349
7.3.1 Absorptive Bistability 351
7.3.2 Refractive Bistability 354
7.3.3 Optical Switching 356
7.4 Two-Beam Coupling 359
7.5 Pulse Propagation and Temporal Solitons 365
7.5.1 Self-Phase Modulation 365
7.5.2 Pulse Propagation Equation 368
7.5.3 Temporal Optical Solitons 372
Problems 374
References 379
Chapter 8 Spontaneous Light Scattering and Acoustooptics 381
8.1 Features of Spontaneous Light Scattering 381
8.1.1 Fluctuations as the Origin of Light Scattering 382
8.1.2 Scattering Coefficient 384
8.1.3 Scattering Cross Section 385
8.2 Microscopic Theory of Light Scattering 386
8.3 Thermodynamic Theory of Scalar Light Scattering 392
8.3.1 Ideal Gas 394
8.3.2 Spectrum of the Scattered Light 395
8.3.3 Brillouin Scattering 395
8.3.4 Stokes Scattering (First Term in Eq. (8.3.36)) 398
8.3.5 Anti-Stokes Scattering (Second Term in Eq. (8.3.36)) 400
8.3.6 Rayleigh Center Scattering 402
8.4 Acoustooptics 403
8.4.1 Bragg Scattering of Light by Sound Waves 403
8.4.2 Raman-Nath Effect 412
Problems 416
References 417
Chapter 9 Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated Rayleigh Scattering 419
9.1 Stimulated Scattering Processes 419
9.2 Electrostriction 421
9.3 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (Induced by Electrostriction) 425
9.3.1 Pump Depletion Effects in SBS 431
9.3.2 SBS Generator 433
9.3.3 Transient and Dynamical Features of SBS 436
9.4 Phase Conjugation by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering 437
9.5 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Gases 441
9.6 General Theory of Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated Rayleigh Scattering 443
9.6.1 Appendix: Definition of the Viscosity Coefficients 454
Problems 456
References 457
Chapter 10 Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering 459
10.1 The Spontaneous Raman Effect 459
10.2 Spontaneous versus Stimulated Raman Scattering 460
10.3 Stimulated Raman Scattering Described by the Nonlinear Polarization 465
10.4 Stokes-Anti-Stokes Coupling in Stimulated Raman Scattering 474
10.4.1 Dispersionless, Nonlinear Medium without Gain or Loss 478
10.4.2 Medium without a Nonlinearity 479
10.4.3 Stokes-Anti-Stokes Coupling in Stimulated Raman Scattering 480
10.5 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering 483
10.6 Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering 486
10.6.1 Polarization Properties of Stimulated Rayleigh-Wing Scattering 490
Problems 492
References 492
Chapter 11 The Electrooptic and Photorefractive Effects 495
11.1 Introduction to the Electrooptic Effect 495
11.2 Linear Electrooptic Effect 496
11.3 Electrooptic Modulators 500
11.4 Introduction to the Photorefractive Effect 507
11.5 Photorefractive Equations of Kukhtarev et al 508
11.6 Two-Beam Coupling in Photorefractive Materials 511
11.7 Four-Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Materials 518
11.7.1 Externally Self-Pumped Phase-Conjugate Mirror 519
11.7.2 Internally Self-Pumped Phase-Conjugate Mirror 519
11.7.3 Double Phase-Conjugate Mirror 520
11.7.4 Other Applications of Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics 521
Problems 521
References 521
Chapter 12 Optically Induced Damage and Multiphoton Absorption 523
12.1 Introduction to Optical Damage 523
12.2 Avalanche-Breakdown Model 524
12.3 Influence of Laser Pulse Duration 526
12.4 Direct Photoionization 528
12.5 Multiphoton Absorption and Multiphoton Ionization 528
12.5.1 Theory of Single- and Multiphoton Absorption and Fermi's Golden Rule 530
12.5.2 Linear (One-Photon) Absorption 532
12.5.3 Two-Photon Absorption 535
12.5.4 Multiphoton Absorption 538
Problems 538
References 538
Chapter 13 Ultra fast and Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics 541
13.1 Introduction 541
13.2 Ultrashort-Pulse Propagation Equation 541
13.3 Interpretation of the Ultrashort-Pulse Propagation Equation 547
13.3.1 Self-Steepening 548
13.3.2 Space-Time Coupling 550
13.3.3 Supercontinuum Generation 551
13.4 Intense-Field Nonlinear Optics 552
13.5 Motion of a Free Electron in a Laser Field 553
13.6 High-Harmonic Generation 555
13.7 Tunnel Ionization and the Keldysh Model 559
13.8 Nonlinear Optics of Plasmas and Relativistic Nonlinear Optics 560
13.9 Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamics 565
Problem 567
References 567
Chapter 14 Nonlinear Optics of Plasmonic Systems 569
14.1 Introduction to Plasmonics 569
14.2 Simple Derivation of the Plasma Frequency 569
14.3 The Drude Model 571
14.4 Optical Properties of Gold 574
14.5 Surface Plasmon Polaritons 576
14.6 Electric Field Enhancement in Plasmonic Systems 579
Problems 581
References 581
Appendices 583
Appendix A The SI System of Units 583
A.1 Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem 586
A.2 The Wave Equation 586
A.3 Boundary Conditions 588
Appendix B The Gaussian System of Units 590
Appendix C Systems of Units in Nonlinear Optics 594
C.1 Conversion between the Systems 595
Appendix D Relationship between Intensity and Field Strength 596
Appendix E Physical Constants 597
References 599
Index 601
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Presents the most updated edition of this classic, respected reference on nonlinear optics, with a new chapter on quantum optics