Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xvii
How to Use This Resource xix
Reference Tables
Strategies Table xxiii
Number Talks Table xxv
Video Clips by Chapter xxix
Video Clips by Grade xxxiii
Section 1 Understanding Number Talks
Chapter 1 What Is a Classroom Number Talk? 3
Rationale for Number Talks 3
A Number Talk: Key Components 5
Summary 15
Chapter 2 How Do I Prepare for Number Talks? 16
Establishing Procedures and Setting Expectations: The Four Essentials 16
Anticipating How to Record Student Thinking 21
Six Ways to Develop Accountability with Students 25
Gathering Tools to Model Student Strategies 28
Starting with Five Small Steps 28
Summary 31
Section II Student Thinking and Number Talks in the K-2 Classroom
Chapter 3 How Do I Develop Specific Strategies in the K-2 Classroom? 35
Overarching Goals 35
Using Models and Tools to Anchor Student Strategies to Goals 40
Dot images 40
Rekenreks 41
Five-frames/ten-frames 43
Number lines 44
Hundred chart 45
Using Real-Life Contexts 48
Discussing Efficiency 53
Anticipating Student Thinking 56
An Introduction to Common Addition Strategies 58
An Introduction to Common Subtraction Strategies 64
Summary 66
Chapter 4 How Do I Design Purposeful Number Talks in the K-2 Classroom? 67
Overview 67
Kindergarten Number Talks 68
Using dot images 70
Using rekenreks 82
Using five- and ten-frames 89
First-Grade Number Talks 97
Addition 97
Second-Grade Number Talks 119
Addition 120
Subtraction 145
Section III Student Thinking and Number Talks in the 3-5 Classroom
Chapter 5 How Do I Develop Specific Addition and Subtraction Strategies in the 3-5 Classroom? 157
Overarching Goals 157
Using Models to Anchor Student Strategies with Addition and Subtraction 160
Open number line 160
Part/whole box 162
Using Real-Life Contexts 162
Discussing Efficiency 168
Anticipating Student Thinking 169
An Introduction to Common Addition Strategies 170
An Introduction to Common Subtraction Strategies 175
Summary 181
Chapter 6 How Do I Design Purposeful Addition and Subtraction Number Talks in the 3-5 Classroom? 182
Overview 182
Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth- Grade Number Talks 183
Addition number talks 184
Subtraction number talks 205
Chapter 7 How Do I Develop Specific Multiplication and Division Strategies in the 3-5 Classroom? 230
Overarching Goals 230
Using Array Models to Anchor Student Strategies with Multiplication and Division 233
Using Real-Life Contexts 237
Discussing Efficiency 241
Anticipating Student Thinking 243
An Introduction to Common Multiplication Strategies 244
An Introduction to Common Division Strategies 254
Summary 261
Chapter 8 How Do I Design Purposeful Multiplication and Division Number Talks in the 3-5 Classroom? 262
Overview 262
Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-Grade Number Talks 263
Multiplication number talks 264
Division number talks 286
Section IV The Facilitator's Guide
Chapter 9 What Does a Number Talk Look Like at My Grade Level? 303
Introduction 304
A closer look at number talks by grade level 304
A closer look at South Shades Crest Elementary School 304
Kindergarten Classroom 306
A closer look at Erin Keenan's kindergarten classroom 306
A second look at kindergarten number talks 308
Second-Grade Classroom 311
A closer look at Galey Thomas's second-grade classroom 311
A second look at second-grade number talks 313
Third-Grade Classroom 316
A closer look at Jann Montgomery's third-grade classroom 316
A second look at third-grade number talks 318
Fifth-Grade Classroom 324
A closer look at Lee Ann Davidson's fifth-grade classroom 324
A second look at fifth-grade number talks 326
Schoolwide Perspective 330
A closer look at number talks from a schoolwide perspective 330
Discussion questions 331
Your Practice: A Closer Look 333
Questions for personal reflection 333
Appendices 335
A Author's Video Reflections 337
B Questions and Answers 368
C Suggested Grade-Level Resources 374
D Reproducible Templates 377
Directions for Making Rekenreks 378
Five-Frame Template 380
Ten-Frame Template 381
References 383
Index 385
