Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology 5
1.1 What Is Psychology? 6
1.2 History of Psychology 8
1.3 Contemporary Psychology 17
1.4 Careers in Psychology 26
Chapter 2 Psychological Research 35
2.1 Why Is Research Important? 36
2.2 Approaches to Research 42
2.3 Analyzing Findings 49
2.4 Ethics 60
Chapter 3 Biopsychology 73
3.1 Human Genetics 74
3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 80
3.3 Parts of the Nervous System 86
3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord 89
3.5 The Endocrine System 101
Chapter 4 States of Consciousness 111
4.1 What is Consciousness? 112
4.2 Sleep and Why We Sleep 117
4.3 Stages of Sleep 120
4.4 Sleep Problems and Disorders 125
4.5 Substance Use and Abuse 130
4.6 Other States of Consciousness 138
Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception 149
5.1 Sensation versus Perception 150
5.2 Waves and Wavelengths 153
5.3 Vision 157
5.4 Hearing 164
5.5 The Other Senses 167
5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception 172
Chapter 6 Learning 185
6.1 What Is Learning? 186
6.2 Classical Conditioning 187
6.3 Operant Conditioning 197
6.4 Observational Learning (Modeling) 208
Chapter 7 Thinking and Intelligence 219
7.1 What Is Cognition? 220
7.2 Language 225
7.3 Problem Solving 229
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity? 235
7.5 Measures of Intelligence 239
7.6 The Source of Intelligence 245
Chapter 8 Memory 255
8.1 How Memory Functions 256
8.2 Parts of the Brain Involved with Memory 263
8.3 Problems with Memory 267
8.4 Ways to Enhance Memory 277
Chapter 9 Lifespan Development 287
9.1 What Is Lifespan Development? 288
9.2 Lifespan Theories 292
9.3 Stages of Development 301
9.4 Death and Dying 321
Chapter 10 Emotion and Motivation 331
10.1 Motivation 332
10.2 Hunger and Eating 338
10.3 Sexual Behavior 344
10.4 Emotion 352
Chapter 11 Personality 367
11.1 What Is Personality? 368
11.2 Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective 371
11.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Homey 377
11.4 Learning Approaches 382
11.5 Humanistic Approaches 386
11.6 Biological Approaches 387
11.7 Trait Theorists 389
11.8 Cultural Understandings of Personality 394
11.9 Personality Assessment 396
Chapter 12 Social Psychology 409
12.1 What Is Social Psychology? 410
12.2 Self-presentation 415
12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion 419
12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience 425
12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination 433
12.6 Aggression 439
12.7 Prosocial Behavior 442
Chapter 13 Industrial-Organizational Psychology 457
13.1 What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? 458
13.2 Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees 464
13.3 Organizational psychology: The Social Dimension of Work 474
13.4 Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design 483
Chapter 14 Stress, Lifestyle, and Health 493
14.1 What Is Stress? 494
14.2 Stressors 504
14.3 Stress and Illness 510
14.4 Regulation of Stress 523
14.5 The Pursuit of Happiness 530
Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders 545
15.1 What Are Psychological Disorders? 546
15.2 Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders 550
15.3 Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 553
15.4 Anxiety Disorders 556
15.5 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 562
15.6 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 566
15.7 Mood Disorders 568
15.8 Schizophrenia 578
15.9 Dissociative Disorders 582
15.10 Personality Disorders 584
15.11 Disorders in Childhood 590
Chapter 16 Therapy and Treatment 607
16.1 Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present 608
16.2 Types of Treatment 614
16.3 Treatment Modalities 626
16.4 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case 630
16.5 The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization 633
Index 737
